杭州市男男性行为人群和单阳家庭中HIV感染者早期抗病毒治疗可接受性调查

目的 了解杭州市男男性接触(men who have sex with men, MSM)人群和单阳家庭中人类免疫缺陷病毒(human immunodeficiency virus, HIV)感染者早期抗病毒治疗可接受性的现况,探讨早期抗病毒治疗可接受性的影响因素。 方法 对于2012年7月前报告的符合纳入标准的调查对象进行统一问卷调查。 结果 共收集有效调查问卷235份,其中159人愿意接受早期抗病毒治疗,占67.66%,MSM感染者和HIV抗体单阳家庭感染者愿意接受早期治疗的比例分别是65.63%和76.74%,两者之间差异无统计学意义(2=1.99,P=0.16)。认为早期治疗会延缓发病和认为治疗越晚越易产生耐药性是早期治疗可接受性的促进因素,而认为早期治疗会让周围人怀疑自己有病和文化水平偏高是阻碍因素。 结论 杭州市MSM人群和HIV抗体单阳家庭中HIV阳性感染者愿意接受早期抗病毒治疗的比例较低,做好对早期抗病毒治疗的正确导向和积极宣传,提高对艾滋病早期治疗的认识,减少社会对感染者的歧视有利于早期抗病毒治疗的推广和预防艾滋病的传播。     

Gender and Sexual Orientation in Family Therapy: Toward a Postgender approach

Abstract: We examine how the issues of gender and sexual orientation have been addressed in family therapy and identify critical issues as the field defines itself in a postmodern, inclusive era. We show how unintentional bias and creation of the category of “other” persist throughout the history of clinical practice despite a rise of interest in diversity. We suggest that family therapy approaches have been based on a view of sex‐gender that creates dichotomous categories, confounds gender and sexual orientation, and limits flexibility. A postgender approach organized around a relationship model based on equality rather than gender is advocated. Obstacles to postgender practice are identified, and guidelines for practice and challenges for the future are discussed.     

Chromosome aberrations in 500 couples referred for in-vitro fertilization or related fertility treatment

Cytogenetic studies were performed in 500 couples referred forin-vitro fertilization or gamete (zygote) intra-Fallopian transfer.Thirteen individuals (1.3%) with chromosomal abnormalities werefound. Four major types of anomalies were observed: reciprocaltranslocations (n = 3), inversions (n = 2), iso-Xq chromosomes(n = 2) and sex chromosome number mosaics (n = 4). Moreovertwo males with respectively a 47,XYY and a 47,XY, mar⁺ karyotypewere identified. These data pointed to a higher incidence ofchromosomal aberrations in this infertile population as comparedto a neonatal population without obvious chromosomal pathology.Analysis of the chromosomes which were involved in hyperdiploidyand hypodiploidy in the 30 000 metaphases evaluated, showeda high proportion of cells that had lost or gained an X-chromosome.A puzzling finding was the statistically significant low incidenceof 45,X metaphases (0.9) in women of couples treated on andrological indication as compared to the frequencyof 45,X chromosome complements in women with tubal disease (4.0) or of couples with an idiopathic (4.3) or mixed female and male (6.7) indication.     

Behavioral marital therapy couples groups for male alcoholics and their wives

This article presents in detail the clinical procedures for a behavioral marital therapy (BMT) couples group for male alcoholics. Methods used to recruit and prepare couples for therapy are presented. In the BMT couples group, therapists use behavioral rehearsal and weekly homework assignments to help couples (a) decrease drinking and alcohol-related interactions by making an Antabuse Contract and discussing relapse prevention; (b) plan shared recreational activities; (c) notice, acknowledge, and initiate daily caring behaviors; (d) learn communication skills of listening, expressing feelings directly, and the use of planned communication sessions; and (e) negotiate desired changes using positive specific requests, compromise, and written agreements. Methods for dealing with resistance and noncompliance in the group are also described. Finally, modifications in the BMT treatment package presented here that may be helpful in other settings are described.     

Therapeutic insemination with fresh semen

[Beginning of abstract missing from journal] were studied. Every female patient presented normal ovulation, tubal patency and morphologic and functional integrity of her genital tract. Their husbands presented normal spermogram in 45 cases (23.4%), oligospermy in 145 (75.5%) and azoospermy in 2 (0.96%). The number of the inseminations ranged from 1 to 10 series, in each of which a daily trial was attempted, three times every other day in the ovulatory period. The insemination technique included vaginal, intracervical and intra-uterine deposition of homologous fresh semen. The results expressed in terms of pregnancy achieved rates of 28.12% with 24.07% abortions.     

Core concerns of couples living with early stage breast cancer

STUDY OBJECTIVES: Although clinicians and scientists have a growing awareness of breast cancer as a couple's joint experience, no one has studied the concerns couples choose to address with a professional coach to better manage the impact of the cancer. The purpose of the current study was to describe illness-related concerns couples worked on together with masters-educated professional coaches during the first eleven months of the wife's treatment for early stage breast cancer. SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS: Intervention sessions were conducted with twenty-nine couples in their homes in the Pacific Northwest. DESIGN: Data were obtained from single occasion case intensive interviews with couples. MAIN RESULTS: Inductive coding of the audiorecorded intervention sessions yielded four domains of core concerns: dealing with tension in the relationship; needing to be together as a couple; wondering about the children; and managing the threat of breast cancer. CONCLUSION: Over half the couples chose to address and do something about the stress, tension and dissatisfaction they were feeling in their relationship that each attributed to the breast cancer. Future family-focused cancer care needs to include services that assist couples to address these core concerns.     

新婚夫妻婚前暴力社会心理因素探讨

目的了解新婚登记夫妻婚前暴力的社会心理因素,为制定防止家庭暴力有关政策及心理干预提供科学的理论依据。方法采取横断面调查。于2005年11月—2006年2月在长沙市5个市辖区中抽取2个市辖区,再在每个市辖区对新婚登记夫妻进行自编的新婚夫妻婚前暴力调查问卷评估,仅限于初婚的夫妻。根据新婚夫妻报告在婚前1年至少有1次暴力的发生作为暴力家庭组(Spouse v iolence,SV组),有122对(244人);婚前1年双方都无暴力的发生作为非暴力家庭组(非SV组),195对(390人)。结果婚前暴力的前3位诱发因素是夫妻的个性与应对方式问题、沟通与交流不足、经济问题或工作问题。SV组同居、饮酒史、赌博高于非SV组(P<0.01)。SV组职业与非SV组比较,差异有显著性(P<0.05),其中干部或职员的比例(54.9%)明显高于非SV组(46.9%)(P<0.05)。结论新婚夫妻在婚前出现暴力的主要诱发因素是个性和/或应对方式问题、沟通与交流问题、经济问题或工作问题。婚前暴力与职业、同居、赌博、饮酒史均有一定的相关性。     

A Study of Cases of Hereditory Ectodermal Dysplasia - A Rare Dental Anomaly

Hereditary ectodermal dysplasia is a group of disorder running in the family where more than one manifestation occurs involving skin, nail, hair, glands and teeth In the present study, five cases were detected in district of Bangalore,Karnataka and studied in detail. Out of them three were girls and two boys showing manifestation dysplasia of teeth, skin & sweat glands between the age groups of 5 years to 14 years of age. There are three girls between 5 to 18 years showing oligodentia (0.13%) in 2 girls and anodentia in one girl (0.67%) associated with periorbital wrinkling and mild mid facial hypoplasia.The other 2 were boys between 8years and 15 years of age showed oligodentia, anhydosis brittle nails with vertical ridges, and 15 years old boy also showed periorbital wrinkling. The mothers of these five patients were also studied. Consanguity along with heredity and hypertension has played a vital role in the development of ectodermal dysplasia These 5 cases were compared and correlated with available literatures.     

初次与重复体外受精-胚胎移植治疗中夫妇焦虑、抑郁及社会支持状况探讨

目的 探讨初次与重复体外受精-胚胎移植(IVF-ET)治疗中夫妇焦虑、抑郁及社会支持状况,为改善IVF-ET治疗中夫妇心理健康提供依据.方法 对接受IVF-ET治疗夫妇,采用焦虑自评量表(SAS)、抑郁自评量表(SDS)、社会支持评定量表(SSRS)等进行问卷调查.按IVF-ET治疗周期数分为初次组和重复组(周期数≥2),分别对初次组与重复组夫妇的焦虑、抑郁及社会支持状况进行对比分析.结果 初次组与重复组夫妇焦虑、抑郁及社会支持均高于常模,社会支持与其焦虑、抑郁均呈负相关(P＜0.05).女性两组的焦虑、抑郁、社会支持得分均有显著性差异(P＜0.05);男性两组的焦虑、抑郁、社会支持得分均无显著性差异(P＞0.05).结论 初次与重复IVF-ET治疗中夫妇存在焦虑、抑郁情绪,社会支持水平越高,其焦虑、抑郁程度越低.重复治疗中女性焦虑、抑郁程度更严重,且社会支持水平低于初次治疗者.     

The impact of partner coping in couples experiencing infertility

BACKGROUND: Most studies examining coping with infertility use the individualas the unit of analysis. Although valuable, these studies failto show the impact that partner coping has on individual distress.Since infertility is a shared stressor, examining the impactof partner coping is particularly relevant. METHODS: Data were based on a questionnaire in a consecutive sample of1169 women and 1081 Danish men prior to beginning assisted reproductiontreatment. Multilevel modeling using the Actor Partner InterdependenceModel and follow-up analysis of variance were used to examinethe couple as the unit of analysis. RESULTS: A partner’s use of active-avoidance coping was relatedto the increased personal, marital and social distress for menand women. A woman’s use of active-confronting copingwas related to increased male marital distress. And a partner’suse of meaning-based coping was associated with decreased maritaldistress in men and increased social distress in women. CONCLUSIONS: Although understudied, partner coping patterns play a key rolein a partner’s ability to cope with the infertility experience.Physicians and mental health providers can help couples to understandthe coping strategies that lead to increased and decreased partnerdistress.