Effects of dairy products consumption on inflammatory biomarkers among adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

AimsThis study aimed to summarize earlier studies on the effects of dairy consumption on inflammatory biomarkers in adults and to quantify these effects through meta-analysis.Data synthesisA comprehensive search of all relevant articles, published up to December 2019 indexed in PubMed, ISI (Institute for Scientific Information), EmBase, Scopus, and Google Scholar was done using relevant keywords. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that examined the effect of dairy products consumption, compared with low or no dairy intake, on inflammatory biomarkers in adults were included. Overall, 11 RCTs with 663 participants were included in this meta-analysis. We found that high consumption of dairy products, compared with low or no dairy intake, might significantly reduce CRP [weighed mean difference (WMD): −0.24 mg/L; 95% CI, −0.35, −0.14], TNF-α (WMD:- 0.66 pg/mL; 95% CI, −1.23, −0.09), IL-6 (WMD: −0.74 pg/mL; 95% CI, −1.36, −0.12), and MCP concentrations (WMD: −25.58 pg/mL; 95% CI, −50.31, −0.86). However, when the analyses were confined to cross-over trials, no such beneficial effects of dairy intake on inflammation were observed. In addition, high dairy intake might result in increased adiponectin levels (WMD: 2.42 μg/mL; 95% CI, 0.17, 4.66). No significant effect of dairy consumption on serum leptin (WMD: −0.32 ng/mL; 95% CI, −3.30, 2.65), ICAM-1 (WMD: −3.38 ng/ml; 95% CI, −15.57, 8.96) and VCAM-1 (WMD: 3.1 ng/mL; 95% CI, −21.38, 27.58) levels was observed.ConclusionsIn summary, the current meta-analysis indicated that dairy intake might improve several inflammatory biomarkers in adults. In most subgroups without heterogeneity, effects tended to be null. Study design and participants’ age were the main sources of heterogeneity. More research, with a particular focus on fat content of dairy foods, is recommended.     

昆明医科大学青年教师科研动机及态度现状调查

目的对青年教师的科研动机和态度的现状调查,为学校科研文化建设发展提出建议.方法采用调查问卷对昆明医科大学年龄在45岁及以下的青年教师进行调查.结果从事科研的动机52.30%的青年高校教师是通过科研提高自身水平;对待有价值科研结果的处理68.00%和16.00%的青年教师再次核实、验证、分析后和成系统和体系后再发表;每天用在科研工作上的时间59.80%集中在1~3 h;经kendall’s tau-b分析科研水平自评水平与外语掌握程度(P<0.05)和科研技能掌握程度(P<0.01)相关;科研方法和技能掌握水平自评认为掌握的比较好的占34.48%,外语水平自评阅读娴熟,会话能力一般的占25.29%;82.70%的青年教师对本校科研现状表示满意;59.77%的青年教师认为科研管理中存在的主要问题是管理制度不完善;47.13%的青年教师认为学校科研工作的重点应该是科研队伍的建设.结论昆明医科大学青年教师的科研动机和态度比较端正,对个人能力的提升都有一定要求,但参考文献的评述频率和参加学术交流的积极性有待于进一步提高,并且希望学校在科研制度、经费投入和队伍建设上加大力度.     

实时动态血糖监测系统在白族糖尿病合并老年多器官功能不全综合征患者中的临床应用优势

目的 探讨实时动态血糖监测系统(RT-CGMS)在白族糖尿病合并老年多器官功能不全综合征(MODSE)患者治疗中的临床应用价值。方法 纳入2018年1月至12月在大理白族自治州人民医院老年病科住院的白族糖尿病合并MODSE、急性生理和慢性健康状况APACHE Ⅱ评分>15分的患者112例。患者分为2组,RT-CGMS组和自我血糖监测(SMBG)组,每组56例。比较2组患者的一般临床资料、血糖波动指标、低血糖发生率、平均每日胰岛素用量、住院时间及28d病死率。采用SPSS 16.0软件进行统计分析,2组间比较采用t检验或χ²检验。结果 与观察第2天相比,SMBG组患者第3天的血糖水平标准差(SDBG)显著降低[(3.2±1.1)和(2.9±1.0)mmol/L;P<0.05],RT-CGMS组患者第3天的平均血糖水平[MBG,(10.8±2.5)和(8.8±1.9)mmol/L;SDBG,(2.8±0.8)和(1.8±0.7)mmol/L]、最大血糖波动幅度[LAGE,(8.9±3.6)和(7.2±1.6)mmol/L]、平均血糖波动幅度[MAGE,(6.3±1.0)和(5.0±0.4)mmol/L]均显著降低(P＜0.05)。观察第2天,与SMBG组患者相比,RT-CGMS组患者SDBG显著降低[(2.8±0.8)和(3.2±1.1)mmol/L;P<0.05];观察第3天,与SMBG组患者相比,RT-CGMS组患者MBG[(8.8±1.9)和(10.9±2.8)mmol/L]、SDBG[(1.8±0.7)和(2.9±1.0)mmol/L]、LAGE[(7.2±1.6)和(9.6±3.1)mmol/L]均显著降低(P＜0.05)。与SMBG组相比,RT-CGMS组患者的低血糖发生率(16.1%和3.6%)、平均每日胰岛素量[(38.2±6.8)和(32.1±5.4)IU/d]、住院时间[(14.6±4.2)和(12.1±4.0)d]均显著降低(P＜0.05)。结论 RT-CGMS的应用可降低糖尿病合并MODSE患者的血糖波动,对提高抢救成功率、延长生存期及减少平均住院日具有重要的临床意义。     

基于熵权TOPSIS法的区域医院科技影响力评价研究

目的:开展区域医院科技影响力评价研究,助力我国区域医院科技创新体系建设。方法:以中国医院科技影响力评价体系为基础,通过专家咨询和访谈,形成更符合区域特色的区域科技影响力评价体系。采用熵权法并依赖数据本身的离散性得到指标权重,采集并处理深圳市50家医院科技影响力的评价指标数据,利用TOPSIS法计算得出其综合科技影响力。结果:确定了区域医院科技影响力评价指标体系,包括科技产出、学术影响和科技条件3个维度,共21个三级指标。不同医院的科技影响力明显不同,参评医院的国家级重点科研项目数量较少,国家级科研平台数量较少。结论:建议深圳市加强政府统一筹划,增加医院科技投入;促进高水平综合医院的全面发展,突出专科医院的特色;加强科研平台建设,为医院的科技发展奠定基础;建设富有创新意识和创新能力的科技队伍,优化利用区域医院科技资源,培育及提高区域科技竞争优势。     

成年大鼠接受高脂或热量限制饮食对其衰老后身体构成、糖脂代谢及胰岛内β、α细胞分泌功能影响的比较研究

目的通过对成年大鼠给予高脂饮食（HFD）或能量限制饮食（CRD）干预至老年期,比较糖脂代谢指标及胰岛细胞内胰岛素,胰高糖素分泌功能的变化,探讨热量摄入在衰老伴胰岛素抵抗中的作用机制。方法14～16月龄雄性SD大鼠45只分别给予高脂饮食（热量为5．86kcal／kg,以脂肪供能为主,占总热量的43．27％）,正常饮食（热量为3．2kcal／kg）及限制能量摄入（热量为1．6kcal／kg）,分别在干预0,8,16周时检测大鼠的体质量,腹腔脂肪,体脂比,空腹血糖（FBG）、甘油三脂（TG）、胆固醇（TC）、血浆游离脂肪酸（FFA）及血浆胰岛素水平,并根据FBG和空腹胰岛素计算稳态胰岛素抵抗指数（HOMA—IR）、HOMA-β和胰岛素敏感性（ISI）。应用免疫组化方法检测胰岛内胰岛素及胰高血糖素分泌及表达量的变化。结果（1）成年大鼠衰老过程中,体质量、腹腔脂肪、体脂比、FFA、TG、FBG及胰岛素均随年龄的增加而升高;由此计算的HOMA—IR升高,ISI和HOMA-β降低,但差异无统计学意义。胰岛细胞内胰岛素／胰高血糖素的水平和胰岛D凤的面积未见明显变化。（2）HFD组大鼠16周时,HOMA—IR明显上升,ISI明显降低,体质量、腹腔脂肪、体脂比显著增加,FFA显著升高,血胰岛素、胰岛内胰岛素和胰高血糖素分泌量增多,差异均有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。（3）CRD干预时HOMA。IR显著降低,ISI和HOMA—p显著升高;体质量、腹腔脂肪显著降低（P〈0．05）,空腹血糖及胰岛素降低、血浆FFA,TG,TC水平降低;胰岛内胰岛素和胰高血糖素的表达水平亦显著性降低。结论SD大鼠出现胰岛素抵抗、胰岛素敏感性和胰岛13细胞分泌功能下降等增龄变化,因自成年期开始HFD干预而进一步恶化,因CRD干预显著改善;FFA是增龄过程中受HFD或CRD的影响早且变化最持久的因子;HFD以胰岛素分泌增高为主,作用靶点可能主要在胰岛D细胞,而CRD以降低胰高血糖素为主,作用靶点侧重于α细胞。     

基于转化医学理念临床医学研究生的科研能力培养

【摘要】 我国现行临床医学研究生培养体系中存在临床实践与基础研究严重脱节现象,将“转化医学”理念导入我国的临床医学研究生教育,将有利于产生新的培养模式。转化医学是基础研究与临床实践之间双向转化的培养体系,在此探索通过优化教学体系、临床技能培养、基础科研训练、凝炼临床课题、参与并申报课题与人文素质培养的方式培养临床医学研究生的“转化”能力,最终造福患者。     

Achieving Speaker Gender Equity at the SIR Annual Scientific Meeting: The Effect of Female Session Coordinators

PurposeTo examine the impact of targeted efforts to increase the number of female speakers at the Society of Interventional Radiology (SIR) Annual Scientific Meeting (ASM) by reporting gender trends for invited faculty in 2017/2018 vs 2016.Materials and MethodsFaculty rosters for the 2016, 2017, and 2018 SIR ASMs were stratified by gender to quantify female representation at plenary sessions, categorical courses, symposia, self-assessment modules, and “meet-the-expert” sessions. Keynote events, scientific abstract presentations, and award ceremonies were excluded. In 2017, the SIR Annual Meeting Committee issued requirements for coordinators to invite selected women as speakers. Session coordinators are responsible for issuing speaker invitations, and invited speakers have the option to decline.ResultsYears 2017 and 2018 showed increases in female speaker representation, with women delivering 13% (89 of 687) and 14% (85 of 605) of all assigned presentations, compared with 9% in 2016 (46 of 514; P = .03 and P = .01, respectively). Gender diversity correlated with the gender of the session coordinator(s). When averaged over a 3-year period, female speakers constituted 7% of the speaker roster (112 of 1,504 presentations) for sessions led by an all-male coordinator team, compared with 36% (108 of 302) for sessions led by at least 1 female coordinator (P < .0001). Results of the linear regression model confirmed the effect of coordinator team gender composition (P < .0001).ConclusionsHaving a woman as a session coordinator increased female speaker participation, which suggests that the inclusion of more women as coordinators is one mechanism for achieving gender balance at scientific meetings.     

Outcomes of Recipients With Pancreas Transplant Alone Who Develop End‐Stage Renal Disease

Recipients of pancreas transplant alone (PTA) may be at increased risk for developing end‐stage renal disease (ESRD). The survival experience of PTA recipients developing ESRD has not been described. Furthermore, the relative survival of these patients as compared to diabetics on chronic dialysis is unknown. We studied all adult PTA recipients from January 1, 1990 to September 1, 2008 using the Scientific Registry of Transplant Recipients. Each PTA recipient developing ESRD was matched to 10 diabetics on chronic dialysis from the United States Renal Data System. Cox proportional hazards models were fitted to determine the relation between ESRD and mortality among PTA recipients, and the relation between PTA and mortality among diabetics on chronic dialysis. There were 1597 PTA recipients in the study, of which 207 developed ESRD. Those with ESRD had a threefold increase in mortality versus those without (adjusted hazard ratio 3.28 [95% confidence interval: 2.27, 4.76]). There was no significant difference in the risk of death among PTA recipients with ESRD versus diabetics on dialysis. PTA recipients developing ESRD are three times more likely to die than PTA recipients without ESRD; however, the risk of death in these patients was similar to diabetics on chronic dialysis without PTA.     

期刊审稿人的科研能力对创新效能感的影响研究

目的：探讨期刊审稿人的科研能力对创新效能感的影响,为期刊遴选优秀审稿人提供参考。方法：以《护理学报》为例,选取188名期刊审稿人为调查对象,采用科研能力自评量表及创新效能感量表,利用网络发放的方式进行调查。结果：期刊审稿人科研能力得分指标为79.47%,总分为（95.36±17.39）分;创新效能感得分指标为78.75%,总分为（31.50±5.11）分。期刊审稿人科研能力与创新效能感呈正相关（r =0.507,P＜0.001）。问题发现能力、科研设计能力、科研实践能力对创新效能感均有预测作用（P＜0.05）。结论：期刊审稿人的科研能力水平越高,其创新效能感越高。通过提升其问题发现能力、科研设计能力、科研实践能力可提高其创新效能感,提高审稿水平,确保审稿质量,更好地为读者与作者服务。