日本血吸虫性别与循环抗原检出的关系

本研究用单性尾蚴感染家兔，追踪观察循环表膜抗原检出情况。结果９只雄性尾蚴感染兔（检虫１５—１３３条，平均５３．１条）及９只雌性尾蚴感染兔（检虫１—１０２条，平均３６．１条）用斑点－ＥＬＩＳＡ法定期检查１年，循环表膜抗原始终为阴性。而７只复性感染兔（检虫４－１６１条，平均６７．１条）于感染后６—１０ｗｋ先后出现斑点－ＥＬＩＳＡ阳性反应。单性雌虫在家兔体内发育不良，呈螺旋状，其寿命至少１年。单性雄虫则可发育成熟，虫体肥厚、粗壮。     

薄膜干卵切片IEST用于血吸虫病流行病学调查的研究

用薄膜干卵切片免疫酶染色法(IEST)分别对浙江省3个血吸虫病疫区:历史重疫区,1989年尚在传播血吸虫病的A村;历史重疫区和历史中度疫区,现已基本控制血吸虫病的B村和C村,进行血清抽样调查。结果3疫区人群的抗体阳性率,抗体总GMRT及抗体高滴度频率分别为A村:32.27％,15.89±1.07(X±SD)及10％;B村:12.44％,11.56±1.03及2.98％;C村:2.47％,10.23±1.01及0.41％,3项指标值都有非常显著差异(P<0.01)。对3疫区不同年龄组及有无,血吸虫病史人群的3项指标值分析结果,A村低年龄组人群前两项指标值明显高于C村同龄组(P<0.05);C村有、无血吸虫病史人群的3项指标值均无显著差异(P>0.05)。说明本法能反映不同疫区不同人群抗体反应水平,适用于基层血吸虫病流行病学调查。     

坦桑尼亚摩省明都学校血吸虫病流行特点分析

阐明坦桑尼I明都地区曼氏血吸虫病和埃及血吸虫病感染特性，为该地区防治工作提供科学的依据。方法1995年11月我们对坦桑尼亚摩省明都小学241名6～18岁的学生进行了粪检和尿检，结果曼氏血吸虫病的感染率为80．5％．埃及血吸虫病的感染率为50．9％。其中粪检和尿检两项阳性者占39．7％，两相阴性者只占8．5％，粪检阳性尿检阴性者占40．6％和尿检阳性粪检阴性者占11．2％。结论曼氏血吸虫病感染率女性略高于男性，而埃及血吸虫病感染率则男性高于女性，感染率和感染度基本上一致。     

全球气候变暖对中国血吸虫病传播影响的研究Ⅴ血吸虫在不同种群钉螺体内发育的有效积温

目的 研究日本血吸虫在长江流域不同种群钉螺体内发育成熟的有效积温。方法 从长江流域的潜江后湖、彭泽马当、贵池涓桥、邗江新坝和广德流洞5地现场采集无血吸虫感染的钉螺,以钉螺;毛蚴(无锡地理株)为1∶20比例进行实验感染,感染后放回现场环境饲养,定期逸蚴的方法,连续记录现场温度,根据变温动物发育有效积温的计算公式(K=∑(T_n—C)或K=N(T—C)),计算血吸虫在钉螺体内发育成熟的有效积温,不同地区间的差异用近似F检验法进行方差分析。结果 潜江后湖、彭泽马当、贵池涓桥、邗江新坝和广德流洞5个种群钉螺体内血吸虫成熟的有效积温分别为(695.20±143.15)、(611.99±38.84)、(633.41±133.09)、(611.77±82.12)日度和(602.94±42.65)日度,血吸虫在长江流域S个种群钉螺体内发育所需有效积温差异无显著性(F~1=2.47,P>0.05)。因此,无锡地理株日本血吸虫在长江流域钉螺体内发育成熟的平均有效积温为631.44日度,95%的可信区间为(426.76—836.12)日度。结论 日本血吸虫在长江流域不同种群钉螺体内发育成熟的有效积温基本一致。     

Mechanisms of protective immunity against 5. mansoni infection in mice vaccinated with irradiated cercariae. VI. Influence of the major histocompatibility complex

Summary Inbred mouse strains develop different levels of resistance to challenge infection with Schistosoma mansoni in response to vaccination with irradiated cercariae. The role of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) in determining this genetic polymorphism in acquired resistance was investigated. Previous studies suggested that inbred mice bearing either the b or d MHC haplotypes develop a higher level of vaccine induced resistance than do mice with other MHC haplotypes. An analysis of an Fi cross between an H-2^b strain (C57BL/6) and an H-2^k strain (C3H/HeJ) indicated that the ability to develop high levels of immunity is inherited in a dominant fashion. In order to confirm that the development of high resistance is an MHC associated trait, B10, C3H, BALB and B6 congenic mice bearing different H-2 haplotypes were compared. On either the BIO, B6, or BALB background, substitution of b or d with k or a MHC alleles resulted in a decreased level of vaccine induced immunity. The observed decreases were more pronounced in BALB and B6 than in B10 congenics suggesting an influence of background (non-MHC linked) genes on protective immunity. Similarly, C3H. SW (H-2^b) mice developed a significantly higher level of acquired resistance than C3H/HeSn (H-2^k) mice. Cross and backcross experiments between H-2^b and H-2^k B6 congenic mice confirmed the dominant inheritance of high resistance as well as the MHC linkage of the trait. These data indicate that the MHC locus exerts a quantitative influence on vaccine induced resistance in certain inbred mouse strains and provide further support for the concept that the protection elicited by irradiated cercariae is the manifestation of a specific host immune response.     

肝基质鼠尾胶对日本血吸虫培养细胞AKP和ACP影响的研究

目的 研究肝基质、鼠尾胶对日本血吸虫成虫培养细胞碱性磷酸酶(AKP)和酸性磷酸酶(ACP)活性的影响,筛选适合日本血吸虫细胞培养的基质。方法 将虫龄28d的日本血吸虫成虫细胞,接种于预先铺敷有肝基质和鼠尾胶的小盖玻片上常规培养,未铺敷基质者作对照。运用酶细胞化学方法,分别于培养5、14、21、35d对日本血吸虫成虫培养细胞进行AKP和ACP染色,显微镜下观察并拍照,图像分析仪测定其含量,并作统计分析。结果 铺敷的基质不同,培养细胞的AKP和ACP活性不同。AKP、ACP着色深浅均按对照组、鼠尾胶组、肝基质组依次加深。定量分析显示,培养14d内,肝基质组与鼠尾胶组细胞AKP活性明显高于对照组(肝基质组P<0.01;鼠尾胶组P<0.05);两基质组培养细胞之间差异也有显著性(P<0.05)。培养21d后,肝基质组细胞AKP活性分别高于鼠尾胶组和对照组(P<0.01);后两者培养细胞之间的AKP活性无明显差异(P>0.05)。培养5d细胞的ACP活性,肝基质组与鼠尾胶组明显高于对照组(P<0.05),两基质组相互比较差异无显著性(P>0.05);培养14d后,各组之间两两比较均有差异(P<0.05),肝基质组培养细胞ACP活性最强,鼠尾胶组次之,对照组最弱。结论 肝基质较为适合日本血吸虫培养细胞的存活与生长。     

长期体外培养日本血吸虫的体被及消化道的透射电镜观察

用透射电镜观察日本血吸虫人工转变童虫经841培养液培养130d及从动物感染获得成虫经851培养液培养23d后的虫体体被与消化道超微结构。雌雄虫体被结构较完整,基质中似无空泡化现象:感觉孔突与焰细胞结构正常。食道腔面高度皱褶;肠腔中的板层、脂滴及肠上皮基膜内陷小管等结构与前人报道正常虫体比较基本相似。说明这两种培养液对日本血吸虫所以具有生长发育或促进产卵的功效与血吸虫体被与消化道尚能维持其代谢功能有关。     

东方田鼠血清及其不同部分对日本血吸虫童虫的体外杀伤作用

目的 对东方田鼠血清及其不同部分对日本血吸虫童虫的体外杀伤的可能机制进行初步探讨。方法 将血清初步分离成含蛋白部分及分子量小于20kDa的小分子部分，并分别观察了东方田鼠全血清、去补体血清、蛋白及小分子血清成分对体外培养童虫的杀伤，此外，还观察了蜕皮素对东疗田鼠血清杀伤作用的影响。结果 东方田鼠热灭活去补体血清对童虫的杀伤显著低于正常血清；感染及正常东方田鼠血清小分子在第48h及72h表现出一定杀伤作用(30％)，而血清蛋白在24h就有显著杀伤，但杀伤作用略低于全血清；蜕皮素对东方田鼠血清的杀伤无明显影响。结论 补体在东方田鼠血清杀伤机制中有重要作用。血清蛋白为体外杀伤的主要成分，可能与小分子成分协同参与杀伤。     

脑型血吸虫病发病危险因素的病例-对照研究

目的 探讨脑型血吸虫病发病的危险因素。 方法 选取1999-2004年安徽省的37例脑型血吸虫病患者,分别与健康者、慢性血吸虫病及急性血吸虫病患者对照,对脑型血吸虫病发病相关的危险因素进行分析。 结果 脑型血吸虫病病例组与健康组的劳动强度、病前体质、病前经济、病前营养等4个因素;与急性血吸虫病组的癫痫史、过敏史、感染度等7个因素;与慢性血吸虫病组的感染度、感染次数、治疗次数等10个因素的差异具有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。3组多因素分析至少有两组相同的因素进入logistic回归模型,差异具有统计学意义的变量分别为感染次数、感染度、癫痫史、过敏史和家庭挫折等5个因素。 结论 血吸虫感染程度、治疗状况是脑型血吸虫病发病的主要危险因素,患者的体质和社会心理因素对该病有一定影响。     

The schistosomulicidal activity and the production of IL-1 and TNF-α by peritoneal macrophages from infected mice and their potentiation by muramyl tripeptide-phosphatidyl ethanolamine (MTP-PE) treatment

Production of TNF-α and IL-1 by adherent peritoneal exudate macrophages (APEM) was monitored for 20 weeks in Schistosoma mansoni infected mice in comparison to their schistosomulicidal activity. LPS-triggered IL-1 and TNF-α production by APEM peaked 10 weeks post infection (p.i.) and declined thereafter. The schistosomulicidal activity of APEM also peaked after 10 weeks but remained elevated thereafter. Infected mice were also treated with the immunostimulator liposomal muramyl tripeptide-phosphatidyl ethanolamine (MTP-PE) 6 or 10 weeks p.i., and their APEM were tested 4 weeks later. APEM from such treated animals showed elevated IL-1 and TNF-α production when treatment commenced 6 weeks p.i., while their schistosomulicidal activity increased when treatment commenced either 6 or 10 weeks p.i. The L-arginine inhibitor, N^G monomethyl arginine, markedly inhibited the schistosomulicidal activity but not the IL-1 and TNF-α production of APEM. Our results show that monokine production increases during the acute phase of infection and declines during its chronic phase, while macrophage schistosomulicidal activity remains constant throughout. Furthermore, TNF-α or IL-1 may play a minor role in APEM mediated killing of schistosomula.