粤西农村地区居民主观幸福感调查

目的 了解农民主观幸福感和生活满总度状况.方法 采用主观幸福感单一项目测量、幸福感阶梯量表和生活满意度自编问卷,对粤西农村地区228例居民进行抽样调查.结果 ①大部分农村居民具有较高的主观幸福感,但农民幸福感的均值略低于中值水平;②农民的主观幸福感不存在性别差异,但在年龄上则表现出统计学上的显著差异,中年农民群体的主观幸福感显著低于年轻群体和老年群体;③农村居民的未来幸福感显著高于目前幸福感和过去幸福感;④农村居民的住房、经济与其主观幸福感的关系最大,有超过半数(51.3%)的农民对经济收入感到不满念.结论 应重点关注中年农民群体的幸福感和生活满意度,增加农民经济收入是提高他们主观幸福感的根本途径.     

Gross anatomy: An outdated subject or an essential part of a modern medical curriculum? Results of a questionnaire circulated to final-year medical students

Final-year undergraduate medical students were given a questionnaire on the gross anatomy curriculum they had experienced in their first year at medical school 5 years earlier. They were asked to evaluate the relevance of the dissection course, lectures and seminars in gross anatomy for clinical courses, clerkships, and everyday practical work on the ward. About two-thirds of the students found the time spent on 10 different regions in anatomy to be adequate, and a considerable number of students would have liked even more details. The vast majority expressed a wish to repeat topographical anatomy during their clinical teaching. Furthermore, ～75% of the students showed interest in short, specialized dissection courses during the clinical curriculum. Medical students just before graduation ranked gross anatomy with the dissection course and integrated clinical topics as a keystone for their clinical courses. The results of such surveys should be taken into consideration when discussing modification to teaching gross anatomy or arguing about a balanced dissection course. © 1993 Wiley-Liss, Inc.     

大学生寻求专业心理帮助态度测量工具的初步研究

目的在综合有关研究文献的观点，以开放问卷调查为基础上，编制适合中国大学生寻求专业心理帮助量表，为研究大学生心理求助提供测评工具。方法从大学生心理求助行为实际出发，对大学生进行开放式问卷调查，随机抽取有代表性的福建省的大学生样本．对问卷作因素分析和效度与信度分析。结果提出信任、需求、容忍度和开放度共4个维度构成大学生寻求专业心理帮助态度的结构和成分；编制的“大学生寻求专业心理帮助态度量表”总量表信度系数为0．8392。结论大学生寻求专业心理帮助态度量表具有良好的信度和效度，可在实际中应用。     

Climacteric symptoms in an unselected sample of Swedish women

A questionnaire on climacteric symptoms was sent to every woman living in the city of Linköping, Sweden (120,000 inhabitants) who was born in 1928 or 1930. Of the 1246 women concerned, 1118 (90%) responded. At the time of the survey, 252 women (23%) were pre-menopausal. In the total sample, 10B had undergone hysterectomy and/or bilateral oophorectomy. The median age at natural menopause was 51 yr.

Climacteric symptoms were reported by 75% of the women, the predominating complaints being sweating attacks and hot flushes. Vaginal dryness and tenderness were experienced by 30% of the post-menopausal women, the discomfort tending to become more common as the duration of the post-menopausal period lengthened.

After the menopause, every third woman experienced periods of depression more often than previously. Depression was positively correlated to the severity of the vasomotor symptoms.

Fifty percent of the women expressed interest in receiving oestrogen treatment, although only 7% were using oestrogens at the time of the survey. This discrepancy is probably due to widespread apprehension in Swedish society - shared by the doctors - in regard to ‘hormonal treatment’.     

Bell s面瘫对患者的心理影响及其心理健康状况

目的探讨Bell's面瘫对首次发病患者形象、情绪、日常生活及社会活动的影响及发病早期患者的心理健康状况。方法采用自编面瘫对患者形象、情绪及社会活动影响的调查问卷及症状自评量表(SCL-90),对63例首次发病的Bell's面瘫患者进行调查。统计分析采用t检验及相关分析。结果Bell's面瘫对首次发病患者形象、情绪、日常生活及社会活动均有明显影响。Bell's面瘫患者SCL-90的躯体化、强迫、人际关系敏感、焦虑、抑郁、敌对、恐怖、精神病性因子分均高于全国成人常模,其SCL-90总分与自编面瘫影响问卷各条目得分均存在统计学相关关系。结论Bell's面瘫给首次发病患者带来不良心理影响,他们存在广泛的心身症状,这些不良影响与其心身症状有关。     

Encuesta nacional sobre valoración de la actividad de los médicos internos residentes en los servicios de urgencias españoles

Introduction

The care activity of internal resident doctors is common to practically all medical and surgical training programs; however, there are no national data available regarding the situation of this activity from the perspective of the resident. The present study has sought to collect the opinion of the resident internal physicians on the health care performance and the teaching character that links them to their corresponding emergency departments, in the following areas: overall training value, appreciation of the workload, characteristics of the morning rotation, supervision or tutoring, etc.

The failed repressor: EEG asymmetry as a moderator of the relation between defensiveness and depressive symptoms

This study assessed the joint effects of defensiveness and frontal asymmetry in predicting symptoms of depression and anxiety. Depression symptoms were measured with the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and anxiety symptoms with the Taylor Manifest Anxiety Scale (TMAS). Defensiveness was assessed with both the Marlowe Crowne Social Desirability Scale (MCSD) and the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire L scale (EPQL). Participants completed two EEG recording sessions 3 weeks apart. Six baselines, three eyes open and three eyes closed, were recorded in each session. Alpha power (8–13 Hz) was computed and log transformed. R–L asymmetry was computed at eight pairs of homologous sites for aggregated data. Defensiveness (EPQL and MCSD scores) and depression symptoms (BDI) were assessed at the beginning of the first session. L and MCSD correlated positively with anterior R–L asymmetries. For both scales, the highest correlations were observed at F8–F7. L interacted with F8–F7 asymmetry to predict depressive symptoms. Among left frontally active individuals, there was trend toward a negative correlation between L and BDI. Among the right frontally active individuals, the correlation between L and the BDI was positive. MCSD did not moderate the relation between F8–F7 asymmetry and BDI. The results are consistent with the hypothesis that defensiveness protects against symptoms of depression in the context of left frontal activity, and serves as a diathesis for depression in the context of right frontal activity. High-defensive individuals who are right frontally active may represent “failed repressors,” i.e. individuals for whom defensiveness does not protect against depression, and may even exacerbate it.     

中学生的心理特点及相关因素分析

目的探讨上海市宝山城区初、高中学生的心理特点及相关因素。方法以整群抽样的方法调查了上海市宝山区6所重点和非重点中学的学生共1289名,其中初中组544名,高中组745名,使用自编"中学生成长情况调查表"(共37题),均以"是"、"否"选择作答,由学生当场独立完成并立即收回。结果社会支持和家庭、学校、自身等方面都有较多的因素对中学生成长有重要影响,高中组和初中组部分项目存在显著性差异(P<0.05)。结论现代社会、家庭学校教育背景下中学生的健康成长与良好的社会支持、综合性教育、家长的正确参与密切相关,针对不同年龄阶段的学生应采取不同的教育、干预方式。     

科技期刊邮件推送的用户调研与策略分析

【目的】 从读者和期刊两方面进行调研,对比分析科技期刊通过邮件推送进行宣传,从而促进学术成果有效传播,增强用户黏性的策略,为我国科技期刊宣传提供参考。【方法】 通过问卷调查、实例调研、案例分析及对比,分析不同做法对邮件推送结果的影响,给出优化的方法和建议。【结果】 问卷调研结果反映的用户需求与同行期刊和中国激光杂志社邮件推送实例的分析结果相互印证。科技期刊在进行邮件推送时,要先了解邮件推送目标用户的需求,并根据需求对邮件推送活动进行合理优化。【结论】 精准性是邮件推送工作首先要考虑的因素;合适的主题、时效性强、恰当的推送频率也是推送工作需注意的要素。     

Diet Quality and Cognitive Performance in Australian Adults Aged 55–85 Years: A Cross-Sectional Analysis of the Hunter Community Study Cohort

There is a lack of evidence to determine if diet quality is associated with cognitive performance in older adults. Therefore, the aim of this study was to examine whether diet quality is associated with cognitive performance among older adults. A cross-sectional, secondary analysis of baseline data from the Hunter Community Study (HCS), comparing diet quality, measured using the Australian Recommended Food Score (ARFS), along with validated cognitive performance instruments the Audio Recorded Cognitive Screen (ARCS) and the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) were undertaken in adults aged 55–85 years, living in Newcastle, NSW, Australia. Adjusted linear regression analyses showed that, compared with the lowest ARFS quintile, those in the highest quintile had an ARCS score 5.883 units greater (p < 0.001; R² = 0.0098). Furthermore, when quintiles of ARFS score were tested against each ARCS sub-scale score, statistically significant associations were observed with the greatest effect for the Memory (β = 4.055; p = 0.001; R² = 0.0065) and Attention (β = 4.136; p = 0.002; R² = 0.0047) domains. No statistically significant associations were observed between quintiles of ARFS and MMSE score in the adjusted linear regression analyses. In conclusion, a positive association was observed between diet quality and cognitive performance within this sample of older Australian adults. Further investigation of the above association over time, when follow-up data becomes available, in longitudinal analysis is recommended.