Pediatric intracranial pressure monitoring in hypoxic and nonhypoxic brain injury

We reviewed the results of all pediatric patients undergoing intracranial pressure (ICP) monitoring in a 2-year period at our institution. The outcome of patients suffering hypoxia or ischemic injuries (HII) is compared to those suffering non-hypoxic or non-ischemic injuries (NHII). Thirty-four patients had ICP monitors placed during the study period. Inconplete patient information led to the exclusion of 5 patients. An additional 5 patients were excluded because no measures to control ICP were taken after the monitor was placed. Twenty-four patients required treatment for raised ICP (hyperventilation, 24; mannitol, 19; barbiturate coma, 6). Admission Glasgow Coma Score in patients suffering HII (median score 5) and NHII (median score 6) were not significantly different (Mann-Whitney U Test). Only 2 of 8 patients with HII were near-drowning vietims. The remaining 6 had HII from other causes (5 survivors of various forms of asphyxia and 1 of cardiac arrest). All 8 patients had poor outcomes (1 severely disabled; 7 died). The 16 patients with NHII had a variety of diagnoses (6 trauma, 5 encephalitis, 4 bacterial meningitis, 1 diabetic ketoacidosis). Among these, 6 had good outcomes and 10 poor outcomes (2 severely disabled, 2 vegetative, and 6 died). The difference in outcome between patients with NHII and HII is significant at P=0.059 (Fischer Exact test). Patients with NHII may benefit from ICP monitoring. Patients with HII from near-drowning and other causes did not appear to benefit from ICP monitoring and interventions directed at controlling ICP.     

无创伤性测定门静脉压力与肝血流二法联合应用研究肝硬化的价值

目的　为临床研究肝硬化提供有价值的手段。方法　采用99mTc -RBC测定 93例肝硬化患者肝血流 ,选择峰时 (Tmax) ,半廓清时 (T1/2 )、廓清率 (K值 )、肝血流 (LBF)等作为观察指标 ,与正常对照组比较 ;同时用99mTc-MIBI经直肠给药测定其中 5 4例患者门静脉压力 (PVP) ,以心 /肝 (H/L)比值作为分流指数。结果　肝硬化组Tmax、T1/2 、K及LBF分别为 1.2 6± 0 .99(93)min、5 .75± 3.38(93)min、0 .15 4± 0 .116 (93)及 0 .6 10± 0 .2 89(93)L/min ,除Tmax外 ,与对照组均有非常显著性差异 ;Child -A、B、C级各组之间 (除Tmax外 )也均有非常显著性差异或显著性差异 ;Child -A、B、C级各组H/L分别为 0 .49± 0 .18(2 1)、0 .6 9± 0 .16 (15 )、0 .91± 0 .2 1(18) ;PVP分别为 2 .2 2± 0 .5 7(2 1)kPa、2 .85± 0 .38(15 )kPa及 3.5 4± 0 .6 5 (18)kPa。而对照组的H/L及PVP分别为 0 .30± 0 .12 (16 )及 1.6 1± 0 .38(16 )kPa。Child -A、B、C级各组分别与对照组及各组之间比较 ,除Child -B与C级组PVP无显著性差异 (P >0 .0 5 )外 ,其余均有非常显著性差异 (P <0 .0 1)及显著性差异 (P <0 .0 5 )。结论　本法测定肝血流及门脉压力方便 ,无创伤 ,对分析病情 ,判断疗效 ,指导制订治疗方案 ,估计预后等均有较     

老年危重病人人工气道气囊压力监测及护理

[目的 ]探讨人工气道气囊压力监测在老年危重病人气管导管护理中的应用价值。 [方法 ]将 60例建立人工气道的老年危重病人随机分成两组 ,实验组应用PORTEX专用气囊压力监测表注气测压 ,对照组采用传统的手指捏感法注气 ;用呼吸机检查漏气情况 ,并比较两组病人的气囊注气容积、气囊压力及并发症发生率。 [结果 ]实验组气囊压力为 2 .45 2kPa±0 .490kPa时 ,气囊容积为 10 .0mL± 4.7mL ,呼吸机检查不漏气 ;对照组气囊压力为 3 .92 3kPa± 0 .73 6kPa时 ,气囊容积为 15 .0mL± 5 .1mL ,呼吸机检查不漏气。两组病人气管黏膜损伤、气囊破裂发生率比较有统计学意义 (P <0 .0 5 ) ;两组病人误吸、食管气管瘘发生率比较无统计学意义 (P >0 .0 5 )。 [结论 ]建立人工气道的老年危重病人气囊压力维持在1.961kPa～ 2 .942kPa ,能有效避免误吸的发生和气管黏膜的损伤。     

大鼠脑组织单胺类递质及其代谢产物的检测方法研究

目的 :研究大鼠脑组织中单胺类递质及其代谢产物的高效液相反相离子对色谱测定法。方法 :采用LiChrosorbC18,10 μm色谱柱 ,流动相为甲醇 :水 (4 0 :60 ) ,含 0 .0 2 8g LEDTANa2 ,0 .15g LSDS ,0 .2ml LH2 SO4(pH 2 .5～ 3 ) ,荧光检测波长 :λEX=2 85 ,λEM=3 3 3。结果 :对 87只大鼠脑组织中 4种单胺类递质及其代谢产物的含量进行了同时测定 ,高香草酸 (HVA) 2 .5 0～ 40 .0 μg ml、去甲肾上腺素 (NE) 0 .0 1～ 0 .5 0 μg ml、多巴胺 (DA)0 .0 5～ 1.0 0 μg ml、5 羟色胺 (5 HT) 0 .0 2 5～ 0 .5 0 μg ml,峰面积与其含量呈良好的线性关系。 结论 :该法操作简便、快速、准确 ,为组织中单胺类递质及其代谢产物检测的一种理想方法 ,并适用于临床相关研究。     

建立筋膜间室综合征模型的新方法

目的：建立一种更符合临床的筋膜间室综合征动物模型，以便于基础及临床研究。方法：用宽度和犬小腿肌腹长度相当的袖带包绕小腿，然后充气使实验肢体全长受压、缺血。12只犬随机分为两组，I组：袖带充气至40kPa，压迫8h；Ⅱ组：袖带充气至80kPa，压迫8h。结果：动态监测组织压并对神经、肌肉行组织学检查，发现实验动物肢体胫前筋膜间室内组织压远远超过4.0kPa，神经、肌肉发生不可逆变性、坏死。结论：用充气袖带压迫法建立的动物模型是成功的，各项指标均达到筋膜间室综合征的诊断标准。     

推拿治疗老年高血压及对动态血压负荷的影响

目的研究推拿治疗老年高血压及对动态血压负荷的影响。方法选择60例轻、中度高血压患者，随机分为推拿治疗组30例，药物对照组组30例。结果推拿治疗组总有效率为83．3％。药物对照组为86．7％；治疗组主要症状疗效前后对比有显著性差异（p〈0．05），治疗组治疗后动态血压负荷值明显降低，较治疗前差异有显著性（p〈0．01，p〈0．05）。结论推拿治疗老年高血压疗效显著，推拿可降低动态血压负荷。     

Monitoring pressure ulcer healing in persons with disabilities.

Pressure ulcers are a high-risk, high-volume, and high-cost problem for persons with disabilities. This article describes four tools published in the literature and reports the validity, reliability, strengths, and limitations of each. These tools include the Pressure Ulcer Scale for Healing (PUSH), the Pressure Sore Status Tool (PSST), the Sussman Wound Healing Tool (SWHT), and the Sessing Scale. Rehabilitation nurses should use a consistent framework with accurate quantification to assess, document, and monitor changes in pressure ulcers over time. Such a measurement tool must prove valid for the disabled population in which the tool is used. This will enable healthcare providers to communicate more effectively and evaluate the therapeutic plan of care.     

脉搏波形采集与辅助诊断系统的设计

在分析现有脉搏信号测量技术及其处理方法的基础上，设计了以AT89S52单片机为下位机，PC机为上位机的脉搏信号采集装置。利用Delphi强大的数据库支持特性和Delphi与Matlab混合编程技术，开发了脉搏信号辅助诊断系统。该系统界面友好，操作简单，数据处理能力强，实现了脉搏信号的采集，脉搏波形的实时显示、回放等功能。通过对临床患者脉搏数据的实际采集和处理，验证了该系统的有效性和实用性。     

A comparative study of angiogenic and cytokine responses after laparoscopic cholecystectomy performed with standard- and low-pressure pneumoperitoneum

Background  Surgical procedures enhance production of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines and angiogenic factors that play a pivotal role in the immunological response to surgical trauma and take part in the pathogenesis of tumor growth and adhesions formation. The purpose of the study was to access the influence of low-pressure CO₂ pneumoperitoneum on the inflammatory and angiogenic responses during the postoperative period after laparoscopy. Methods  The study group consisted of 40 patients, operated on due to cholelithiasis using standard-pressure (n = 20) and low-pressure (n = 20) CO₂ pneumoperitoneum. Serum concentration of interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, IL-10, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-A, and endostatin were measured before and at 6, 24, and 48 h after surgery with commercially available enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results  Concentrations of IL-6 increased significantly after the operations in both groups. No differences were observed between the groups in regards to IL-6, IL-8, and IL-10 levels. Concentrations of VEGF-A measured at 6 and 48 h were significantly lower in patients who underwent laparoscopies performed with low-pressure pneumoperitoneum. No significant variations were observed in endostatin serum concentration. Concentrations of the studied parameters were not influenced by duration of surgery or by age, gender, or body mass index (BMI) of the patients. Conclusions  The results obtained in our study do not show any significant differences between studied operative procedures with regards to systemic inflammatory response. Changes in the concentrations of VEGF-A and endostatin observed in the studied population may suggest this technique is more favorable with regards to angiogenesis process intensity, along with all its consequences and implications.