保定市躯体形式障碍的流行病学调查

目的了解保定市躯体形式障碍的患病率和分布特点。方法2004年10月～2005年3月采用多阶段分层整群抽样方法随机抽取≥18周岁的人群，共10073名，用扩展的一般健康问卷（GHQ-12）将调查对象分为高、中、低危险组，采用美国精神障碍诊断标准（DSM-Ⅳ），以美国精神障碍诊断与统计手册-第四版（DSM-Ⅳ）轴Ⅰ障碍定式临床检查患者版对调查对象进行躯体形式障碍的诊断。以大体功能量表（GAF）评定患者的心理、社会和职业功能。结果9021人完成调查，躯体形式障碍的时点患病率为0．99%。（95%CI=0．79％～1．20％）．躯体化障碍0．03％、未分化的躯体形式障碍0．24％、疼痛障碍0．56％、疑病症0．18％。女性（1．43％）明显高于男性（0．13％）（P〈0．01）；40～49岁及50～59岁患病率较高（1．84％及1．55％）；与抑郁症及焦虑障碍共病49．12％；心理、社会和职业功能受损程度无或轻度50．88％、中度33．33％、重度15．79％；躯体形式障碍就诊精神科门诊为3．51％。结论躯体形式障碍在女性及中年人群（40～59岁）中患病率高，与抑郁症及焦虑障碍共病常见．其精神科服务利用率低。     

小学生中抑郁症状现况调查

目的：初步了解儿童中抑郁障碍的患病现况，探讨儿童抑郁的常见表现。方法：使用儿童抑郁自评量表(DSRSC)调查长沙市某小学二年级到六年级的565名小学生，并对量表总分≥划界分的学生进行面谈。结果：在565名小学生(男生290名，女生275名)中，量表总分≥划界分的有97名，占总人数的17．17％。使用CCMD-3成人抑郁发作的诊断标准对量表总分≥划界分的93名进行了面谈(面谈率为95．90h，)，发现符合抑郁发作的症状学标准的有38名(其中男生28名，女生10名)，占面谈者的40．9％，无一名达到病程标准和严重程度标准。结论：在儿童中抑郁症状存在较普遍，但真正构成抑郁症临床诊断的极少。     

全国儿童智力低下的现患率研究

本研究的目的是了解我国儿童智力低下的现患率及其分布特征。采用分层、不等比例、多阶段、随机整群的抽样方法和智力筛查和诊断方法。我国儿童智力低下总现患率为１．２７％，城市为０．７７％，农村为１．４１％，男性高于女性，现患率随年龄增长而增高。     

A Survey of Laboratory Computers in Psyehophysiology

Since the mid 196O's there has hcen a growing interest in and use of computers in psychophysiology laboratories. There are even a growing number of accepted physiological measures which are fully dependent on computer technology for their derivation. Although minicomputers have been in use for over a decade, recent developments in microcomputer and microprocessor technology have led to rapid acceptance of microcomputers for laboratory work. These rapid advances have produced a need to survey the current state of laboratory computer applications and development. A comprehensive survey was mailed to 301 psychophysiology laboratory groups during the spring and summer of 1979 and completed surveys were received from 61% of the mailing. Sun'ey results are reported on computer hardware and configuration, dependent measures and user satisfaction, and use and cost of engineering and programming support. Developments in computer hardware and user services are also discussed.     

桥本氏甲状腺炎患者年龄、性别分布及自身免疫抗体水平分析

目的:分析桥本氏甲状腺炎(HT)在不同年龄男女性患者分布差异及相关抗体水平变化特点。方法:2014-01-01—2018-12-31五年间本院收治的HT患者共2705例,先按年龄分为儿童组(n=32)、青春期组(n=135)和成人组(n=2538),再将成人组中女性分为≤50岁组(n=1645)及>50岁组(n=519)两组,比较不同年龄组HT男女性占比差异,分析不同年龄组以及50岁前后女性甲状腺过氧化物酶抗体(TPOAb)和甲状腺球蛋白抗体(TgAb)的水平变化。结果:在三年龄组中,HT总病例数以成人组最多,儿童组较少。各年龄组间男性、女性HT占比差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);各年龄组内女性占比均显著高于男性,尤以成人组女性占比最高(P<0.01)。三年龄组间TPOAb、TgAb水平有显著统计学意义(均P<0.01)。青春期组及成人组TPOAb水平均低于儿童组(P<0.01),成人组与青春期组TPOAb水平差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);青春期组TgAb水平低于儿童组(P<0.01),儿童组与成人组间、青春期组与成人组间TgAb水平的差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。≤50岁与>50岁女性的TPOAb和TgAb水平比较均无统计学差异(P>0.05)。结论:成年人(>18岁)HT明显多于非成年人,且女性占比显著高于男性。TPOAb下降可能是成人HT的内分泌影响因素之一。     

Type A behavior and its association with cardiovascular disease prevalence in Blacks and Whites: The Minnesota heart survey

Population-based surveys were conducted in 1985 and 1986 to measure the prevalence of coronary heart disease (CHD) history and risk factors in Black and White adults. Type A behavior was measured by the Jenkins Activity Survey (JAS). JAS scores were associated with age (negatively), education (positively), and sex (men>women) but were largely unrelated to CHD risk factors. Blacks had significantly lower age- and education-adjusted Type A and component scores than Whites, more so formen than women. Univariate analysis indicated that a history of angina and/or heart attack was positively associated with the Type A score in both Blacks and Whites. Following adjustment for known cardiovascular risk factors, Type A score remained positively and significantly associated with CHD prevalence. These findings are consistent with other cross-sectional studies and suggest that Type A behavior, as measured by the JAS, may increase the risk of CHD in both Blacks and Whites. Follow-up of these cohorts may help to clarify the complex relationship of Type A behavior to the risk of CHD.Supported by a National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute Grant (RO1-23727).     

青少年饮食行为流行现状及干预策略进展

青少年时期的饮食行为是影响个体营养状况的重要因素,但目前青少年中各种不良饮食行为普遍存在。本文通过中国知网（CNKI）、PubMed等中英文数据库检索收集相关文献,阐述近年来青少年饮食行为的流行情况,包括蔬菜水果摄入、奶类制品摄入、早餐行为、零食行为等,从个体、人际、社会层面探讨青少年饮食行为的影响因素,并总结了基于场所、行为理论和新媒体技术而开展的青少年不良饮食行为及营养干预研究现况,为探索有效的干预策略,促进青少年健康饮食行为及营养健康提供参考。     

2018年四川省成人糖尿病流行现状及其影响因素分析

目的 了解四川省成人常住居民糖尿病患病情况及其影响因素,为有效预防糖尿病,降低发病风险提供科学的依据。方法 2018年采用多阶段分层整群随机抽样的方法,抽取四川省18岁及以上常住居民进行身体测量、问卷调查、实验室检测。采用SAS 9.4分析四川省成人糖尿病流行情况和患病影响因素。结果 2018年四川省成人糖尿病患病率12.94%,其中男性患病率为13.09%,女性患病率为12.79%,差异无统计学意义(χ²=3.964,P=0.460); 年龄增长(与18～44岁组相比,75岁及以上OR=6.070,95%CI:3.792～9.716)、职业(与农业生产人员相比,离退休人员OR=1.781,95%CI:1.277～2.484)、锻炼频率(与每周0次相比,每周1～3次OR=0.439,95%CI:0.281～0.686)、血脂异常(OR=2.069,95%CI:1.693～2.528)、中心性肥胖(OR=1.938,95%CI:1.619～2.320)、高血压(OR=2.031,95%CI:1.583～2.606)、糖尿病家族史(OR=2.825,95%CI:1.658～4.813)是糖尿病患病的影响因素。结论 四川省糖尿病患病率处于较高水平,每周锻炼1～3次是预防糖尿病的保护因素,年龄增加、离退休人员、血脂异常、中心性肥胖、高血压、糖尿病家族史是糖尿病患病的危险因素,应进一步开展针对性的预防干预措施。     

我国中年与老年女性抑郁倾向及影响因素的比较分析

目的 比较分析我国中年和老年女性抑郁倾向及影响因素的差异性,为有针对性的改善中年与老年女性群体的心理健康水平提供参考。方法 选取中国健康与养老追踪调查(CHARLS)2018年数据,以45～59岁中年女性和≥60岁老年女性为研究对象,采用流行病调查中心抑郁量表(CES-D)评估其抑郁倾向。中年和老年女性抑郁倾向的比较采用均值检验,使用倾向性评分匹配法(PSM)对中年和老年女性进行匹配后,进一步探索其组间的差异,采用稳健Tobit回归模型探究抑郁倾向的影响因素。结果 7 964例中老年女性的CES-D评分为(9.53±6.86)分。其中,中年女性、老年女性CES-D评分分别为(9.13±6.62)分、(9.96±7.09)分,老年女性的抑郁倾向评分高于中年女性(t=-5.361,P<0.001)。稳健Tobit回归结果显示,文化程度、居住地、健康自评、身体残疾、慢性病、因身体疼痛而苦恼、BADL受损、IADL受损、是否与配偶或同居者一起生活、家庭成员数量、现有负债、地带分布是中年和老年女性抑郁倾向共同的影响因素。年龄及其二次项、子女数量、有无农业自雇以外的工作是中年女性抑郁倾向的影响因素; 每月来看望1次及以上的子女数量、是否照顾孙子女、是否有社交活动、是否上网、是否退休是老年女性抑郁倾向的影响因素。结论 我国老年女性的抑郁倾向较中年女性明显,且影响因素存在差异性。应针对不同人群特征,提供更有针对性的预防策略,促进中年和老年女性心理健康良性发展。     

Prevalence of intellectual disability among eight-year-old children from selected communities in the United States, 2014

BackgroundChildren with intellectual disability (ID), characterized by impairments in intellectual functioning and adaptive behavior, benefit from early identification and access to services. Previous U.S. estimates used administrative data or parent report with limited information for demographic subgroups.ObjectiveUsing empiric measures we examined ID characteristics among 8-year-old children and estimated prevalence by sex, race/ethnicity, geographic area and socioeconomic status (SES) area indicators.MethodsWe analyzed data for 8-year-old children in 9 geographic areas participating in the 2014 Autism and Developmental Disabilities Monitoring Network. Children with ID were identified through record review of IQ test data. Census and American Community Survey data were used to estimate the denominator.ResultsOverall, 11.8 per 1,000 (1.2%) had ID (IQ ≤ 70), of whom 39% (n = 998) also had autism spectrum disorder. Among children with ID, 1,823 had adaptive behavior test scores for which 64% were characterized as impaired. ID prevalence per 1,000 was 15.8 (95% confidence interval [95% CI], 15.0–16.5) among males and 7.7 (95% CI, 7.2–8.2) among females. ID prevalence was 17.7 (95% CI, 16.6–18.9) among children who were non-Hispanic black; 12.0 (95% CI, 11.1–13.0), among Hispanic; 8.6 (95% CI, 7.1–10.4), among non-Hispanic Asian; and 8.0 (95% CI, 7.5–8.6), among non-Hispanic white. Prevalence varied across geographic areas and was inversely associated with SES.ConclusionsID prevalence varied substantively among racial, ethnic, geographic, and SES groups. Results can inform strategies to enhance identification and improve access to services particularly for children who are minorities or living in areas with lower SES.