卫生服务公平的逻辑分析与政策选择

卫生服务公平的内涵是指在同等健康与疾病状况下接受卫生服务的权利公平,并且基本卫生服务需要应该完全平等.卫生服务公平原则的实现需要有相应的社会经济条件作为基础,在当前情况下只能通过建立医疗保障制度,提高卫生服务可得性和可及性,以及补贴基本卫生服务等措施,达到基本卫生需要完全均等的标准.     

基于Servlet的网上文件管理系统的开发

本文将利用Java servlet与HTTP协议结合的紧密性采进行Web编程构建一个网上的文件管理系统。在这个系统里,用户验证身份后,将进入到各自的目录下。在目录下可以进行系列的操作诸如创建文件夹、上传文件等。上传的文件能够下载另存,也可以打开浏览。此外,用户还可以进入到自己目录中的文件夹下,且同样可以进行上述一些操作。     

"换脸"成功后带来的哲学伦理争论与对策

换脸手术成功后，哲学、伦理和法学的争辩问题则变为需要解决的现实问题。通过对“换脸”手术成功后，所带来的哲学伦理之惑进行分析，并提出相关政策法规建议。     

临床试验数据采集与报告文件设计制作的技术规程

临床试验数据采集与报告文件的设计和制作对保证试验数据的质量与完整性至关重要。参照临床试验数据管理规范 (GCP)并结合具体实践经验制订本规程。设计规程包括与方案设计同步、文件格式、问题和提示、冗余数据、数据记录指南、标准化、版本管理与培训 ;印制规程包括审批、印制说明书以及厂商选择。     

临床试验机构研究者标准操作规程

依据SFDA《药品临床试验管理规范》．ICH GCP，WHO GCP，以及我院临床试验的实践，制订临床试验机构研究者的标准操作规程，包括研究者资格与条件，试验前的准备，受试者的招募和筛选，受试者的知情同意，方案的依从性，受试者的医疗．随机化程序和破盲，安全性报告，源文件和源数据．病例报告表，试验用药的管理，试验的终止或暂停，进展报告和总结报告，档案等。     

Drug use as a ‘practice of the self’: is there any place for an ‘ethics of moderation’ in contemporary drug policy?

This paper offers a series of critical interrogations of the principles and practice of harm minimisation. This critique draws from Michel Foucault's account of ethics, pleasure and moderation in pointing to some significant gaps and conceptual problems within Australia's National Drug Strategy. I argue that this strategy has had only indirect impacts upon the ways in which illicit drugs are consumed in Australia, and on the behaviour of individual users. Part of this problem lies in the ways in which the cultures and the contexts of illicit drug use have been conceptualised within contemporary drug policy. Following Foucault, I argue that drug use ought to be conceptualised as a distinctive ‘practice of the self’. I argue further that Foucault's work on pleasure and ethics offers important new ways of understanding the changing nature of drug use for young people, as well as providing new conceptual bases for the design and delivery of harm minimisation strategies within those settings and contexts in which drug use takes place.     

中国5岁以下儿童营养不良的社会决定因素研究

目的： 了解中国5岁以下儿童营养不良与社会决定因素的关联程度，为制定进一步改善儿童营养不良的社会政策提供依据。方法： 从中国居民健康和营养调查（China Health and Nutrition Survey, CHNS）1991-2011年的纵向数据中提取2 434名5岁以下儿童，使用世界卫生组织igrowup软件计算儿童营养不良率，使用多因素非条件Logistic回归分析营养不良与社会决定因素的关联。结果： 20年间儿童整体低体重率和生长迟缓率分别下降了64.8%和67.8%，儿童低体重和生长迟缓得到显著改善。消瘦率一直维持在较低水平，女童营养不良率的降低幅度大于男童。非社会经济因素中，母亲身高低、儿童蛋白质摄入不足是营养不良的危险因素。社会决定因素中，居住在西部和中部、居住地城市化水平低、家庭收入低、母亲教育水平低是儿童营养不良的危险因素。结论： 为进一步改善儿童营养不良和缓解儿童健康不公平，需要重视儿童营养不良背后的社会决定因素，完善并实施改善儿童营养相关的社会政策，包括关注孕产妇和儿童的膳食营养、提高家庭生活水平和母亲教育水平、平衡地区间发展差距和资源分配等。     

科技期刊论文HTML文档规范化写作标准研究

【目的】 系统介绍面向语义出版的结构化论文写作工具DPaper和论文写作与评审管理平台Arpha Writing Tool(AWT)的特点及其HTML文档的规范化写作标准,为我国科技期刊HTML论文设计规范化写作标准提供借鉴。【方法】 采用文献分析、网站调研和对比分析等方法,了解AWT和DPaper的不同类型论文HTML文档规范化写作标准。【结果】 DPaper目前内设2种在线规范化写作标准,并对平台内部字体等进行规范;AWT内部制定了59种论文类型的规范化写作标准,并根据不同论文类型各有侧重点。【结论】 目前,国内还没有科技期刊论文HTML文档写作的标准化体例,我国应完善论文内部数据描述,完善摘要的结构化展示,根据学科完善数据论文写作规范,根据学科特点及论文类型等制定规范化写作标准,从而使得科技期刊论文的写作更加规范化、简便化和标准化。     

Stakeholder views on the role of spiritual care in Australian hospitals: An exploratory study

Research increasingly demonstrates the contribution of spiritual care to patient experience, wellbeing and health outcomes. Responsiveness to spiritual needs is recognised as a legitimate component of quality health care. Yet there is no consistent approach to the models and governance of spiritual care across hospitals in Australia. This is consistent with the situation in other developed countries where there is increased attention to identifying best practice models for spiritual care in health. This study explores the views of stakeholders in Australian hospitals to the role of spiritual care in hospitals. A self-completion questionnaire comprising open and closed questions was distributed using a snowball sampling process. Analysis of 477 complete questionnaires indicated high levels of agreement with ten policy statements and six policy objectives. Perceived barriers to spiritual care related to: terminology and roles, education and training, resources, and models of care. Responses identified the issues to inform a national policy agenda including attention to governance and policy structures and clear delineation of roles and scope of practice with aligned education and training models. The inclusion of spiritual care as a significant pathway for the provision of patient-centred care is noted. Further exploration of the contribution of spiritual care to wellbeing, health outcomes and patient experience is invited.     

Local Leaders' Perspectives on Women Veterans’ Health Care: What Would Ideal Look Like?

Background

The Veterans Health Administration (VHA) faces challenges in providing comprehensive, gender-sensitive care for women. National policies have led to important advancements, but local leadership also plays a vital role in implementing changes and operationalizing national priorities. In this article, we explore the notions of ideal women veterans' health care articulated by women's health leaders at local VHA facilities and regional networks, with the goal of identifying elements that could inform practice and policy.