强迫症患者的防御机制、父母教养方式及个性特征的调查分析

目的　探讨强迫症患者的防御机制、父母教养方式及其个性特征。方法　采用防御方式问卷 (DSQ)、父母养育方式评价量表 (EMBU)及艾森克个性问卷 (EPQ)对 36例强迫症患者进行了问卷调查 ,并与 36例正常受试者加以比较。结果　①强迫症组中间型和不成熟防御机制因子分均明显高于正常对照组 (P <0 0 1) ,而成熟防御机制因子分则明显低于正常对照组 (P <0 0 5 ) ;②强迫症组父母的情感温暖因子分低 ,而父母的惩罚、拒绝因子分和母亲的偏爱被试因子分高 ,同正常对照组比较 ,差别均具有显著性或非常显著性意义 (P <0 0 1或P <0 0 5 ) ;③强迫症组EPQ的N因子分明显高于正常对照组 ,而E因子分则明显低于正常对照组 (P <0 0 1)。结论　强迫症患者的防御机制、父母教养方式及个性特征与正常人有着明显的不同 ,它为今后开展分析性心理治疗 ,实施心理干预措施提供了依据。     

1341名医学生心理健康水平调查分析

目的 了解医学生心理健康状况,为今后有针对性地在我校开展心理健康教育及心理咨询活动提供参考依据.方法 按分层整群抽样的方法抽取被试,采用大学生人格问卷(UPI)进行比较.结果 57.94%的学生存在不同程度的心理健康问题.男生心理健康状况优于女生,男、女生之间差异有统计学意义(p＜0.01).2004级学生与2005级学生UPI总分比较,两者差异无统计学意义.结论 医学生心理问题不容忽视.应结合医学生的自身特点和性别心理差异,进行不同的心理健康教育.     

甘南州合作地区藏汉学生个性特征及其影响因素的初步探讨

对生长在合作地区的955名藏、汉族学生进行了个性特征及其影响因素的调查探讨。结果表明:本民族间男、女生E分比较,男生低于女生,显示女生性格较男生性格外向倾向性大。稳定性方面女生N分高于男生,即女生情绪一般不及男生稳定。此外与该地区藏汉族学生个性特征关系较为密切的因素是:兄弟姐妹数、父母亲文化程度、职业以及学前教育和智商。     

Disposition of antipyrine in patients with extensive metastatic liver disease

Summary In the present study the effect of metastatic liver disease on hepatic drug metabolism has been examined by studying the pharmacokinetics of antipyrine and the urinary excretion of antipyrine and its three major metabolites (4-hydroxyantipyrine, norantipyrine, and 3-hydroxymethylantipyrine) in 12 patients with extensive metastatic liver disease, and in 12 matched healthy controls.In the patients total liver volume, the volume of the liver parenchyma, and the volume of the liver metastases were determined by computed tomography. The volume of liver metastases always exceeded 35% of the total liver volume.There were no significant differences between the patients and controls in plasma half-life, plasma clearance, or apparent volume of distribution of antipyrine.The cumulative urinary excretion of antipyrine and its three major metabolites was significantly lower in patients [44 (18)%] than in controls [71 (8)%]. The excretion of antipyrine itself was unchanged and the decrease in cumulative excretion was due to reduced excretion of the three metabolites.The results show that the activity of the hepatic mixed function oxidases was not impaired even in patients with extensive metastatic liver disease. This may be because liver metastases do not cause a corresponding reduction in the volume of normal hepatic parenchyma. The decreased urinary excretion of the three major metabolites of antipyrine, which are mainly glucuronidated, may have been due to an alteration in the process of conjugation.     

男性慢性胃炎患者人格特征初探

本文采用卡氏十六种人格因素量表，对纤维胃十二肠镜和活体组织病理检查确诊，剔除可能影响调查的疾患之后的５６例慢性胃炎患者做了测查，结果与中国男性成人常模对照，提示男性慢性胃炎患者的主要人格特征有：严谨、保守、忧郁、紧张、顺从、依赖、有焦虑倾向，非内向个性，不属于心理不健康人群，而与消化性溃疡个性特征有所不同，但是，矫治其人格缺损及属必要。     

优秀运动员人格特征的对照研究

目的探讨优秀运动员人格特征并分析其与心理健康状况的关系．方法采用症状自评量表（SCL-90）和卡氏16项人格因素量表（16PF），封北京市60名不同项目优秀运动员返行心理健康状况测查和人格特点分析，并与60名普通大学生对照。结果（1）卡氏16项人格因素测验，运动员组“乐群”、“恃强”、“敏感”三项得分高于大学生组（P〈0．05）；“独立”因于分低于大学生组（P〈0．05）。（2）SCL-90自评量表得分除了“恐怖”一项外，优秀运动员组得分均高于大学生组，其中“躯体化”和“敌对”两项得分显着高于大学生组（P〈0．05）。（3）卡氏16项人格因素测验中，“敢为”一项优秀运动贝组内的健将组得分高于一级运动员组（P〈0．05）。（4）SCL-90自抨量表测试结果，除“躯体化”一项因子分，其它各项得分优秀运动贝组内健将运动员均低于一般运动贝。其中“强迫症状”、“人际关系敏感”、“抑郁”和“偏执”四个因子分健将组与一级运动员组之间均有显着性差异（P〈0．05）。结论我国优秀运动贝人格特征趋于外向，好强执着，但“自立”因子分却低于普通大学生组。“敢为”因子分在优秀运动贝组内，健将组得分高于一级运动员组，说明在一定程度上“敢为”因子与运动成绩相关。     

民航飞行员的个性心理特征研究

目的探讨民航飞行员个性特点倾向及心理健康状况。方法对某公司飞行部94名现役飞行员用EPQ问卷(成人版)及SCL-90进行调查,并与全国常模比较。结果民航飞行员P、N分明显低于常模,E分明显高于常模,并具有显著性差异(P<0.005)。在SCL-90各项因子得分上均低于常模,除恐怖因子外,其余各因子得分比较都具差异显著性(P<0.005)。结论民航飞行员具有良好的个性特征及良好的心理健康状态。     

社交焦虑障碍患者父母的人格特征和心理健康状况调查

目的探索社交焦虑障碍(SAD)患者父母的人格特征和心理健康状况。方法设研究组(SAD患者的父母)和对照组。入组时按要求进行艾森克人格问卷(EPQ)和症状自评量表(SCL-90)评定。结果SAD患者的父母在EPQ量表测验中的内外向因子标准分低于对照组;SAD患者的父母SCL-90各项因子除强迫和敌对因子,标准分低于对照组。结论SAD患者的父母的人格特征倾向内向,易安静、内省、离群、不喜欢接触人;SAD患者的父母更容易表现出躯体化症状、人际交往的困惑、抑郁、焦虑、恐怖和偏执。     

高等医药院校大学生健康人格培养模式研究

健康人格是个体身心顺利发展的重要保证，是大学生适应社会、充分发挥自己能力的心理基础。而目前许多高等医药院校在大学生健康人格培养方面，普遍重视不够。本文从学校、教师、失学生自身三个角度，试探索出一套适合高等医药院校大学生健康人格建立和发展的培养模式，以期为对以后的心理健康教育工作有一定的启发和指导作用。     

DSM-III-R personality disorders in outpatients with non-bipolar depression: The frequency in a sample of Japanese and the relationship to the 4-month outcome under adequate antidepressant therapy

Summary We investigated the frequency of personality disorders (PDs) and the relationship between the pressence of PD and the 4-month outcome of depression under adequate antidepressant therapy in a Japanese sample of 96 outpatients with non-bipolar major depression. The diagnosis of PD was made using a structured interiew method (the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-III-R Personality Disorders) and after severe depressive symptoms were reduced. Any one kind of PD was found in 54.2% of the saple. The most frequent was avidant (34–4%), obsessived-compulsive (22.9%), narcisstic (18.8%), and dependent (16.7%) PDs. The frequencies of these PDs in our study except narcisstic PD, were about the same as those reported in previous studies with a matched setting for the PD diagnosis. Compared with patients without PD, a worse outcome was found in patients with PD, especially patients with multiple PDs from multiple PD clussters. There was no evidence that a specific PD or PD cluster especially worsens the outcome of depression.