杀虫剂点滴处理后德国小蠊的生理行为反应

本文报告了应用三种不同类型杀虫剂ＤＤＶＰ，残杀成和溴江菊酯点滴处理敏感株德国小蠊（Ｂｌａｔｔｅｌｌａｇｅｒｍａｎｉｃａ）不同虫期后的药物敏感性以及带荚虫脱荚及其孵化情况。试验得出了不同虫期不同时间的ＬＤ５０植和７２ｈ不同虫期对这３种药物敏感性的显著性测定（Ｐ值）的结果。发现不同虫期对这３种药物的敏感性之间关系的共同特点是：１．幼虫与雄虫敏感性差别显著（在ＤＤＶＰ和残杀威中）或者非常显著（在溴氰菊酯）；２．雌虫与雄虫间差别在３种药物处理中均显著；３．雌虫与带荚虫在ＤＤＶＰ和溴氰菊酯处理中差别也非常显著。试验同时显示，３种药物不同浓度处理对德国小蠊脱荚及其孵化有十分显著的影响。其总的趋势是随着药物浓度的增高脱荚率明显地增加；相反，脱荚的孵化率则随着浓度的增加明显的下降。实验并得出脱荚的孵化与否和卵荚长度无明显关系。     

How to Optimize Radiological Images Captured from Digital Cameras, Using the Adobe Photoshop 6.0 Program

Over the past decade, the technology that permits images to be digitized and the reduction in the cost of digital equipment allows quick digital transfer of any conventional radiological film. Images then can be transferred to a personal computer, and several software programs are available that can manipulate their digital appearance. In this article, the fundamentals of digital imaging are discussed, as well as the wide variety of optional adjustments that the Adobe Photoshop 6.0 (Adobe Systems, San Jose, CA) program can offer to present radiological images with satisfactory digital imaging quality.     

In-ear-EEG – a portable platform for home monitoring

Abstract

There are many useful medical treatment devices today, which are indispensable in health care. However, in some emergency situations and in prehospital care mobile, easy-to-use devices could further improve the patient-centred care. For example, a mobile, easy-to-use home-monitoring EEG-system would be useful for monitoring diseases like epilepsy and for treating diseases like attention deficit disorder (ADHD) using biofeedback. Such a device should be equipped with the ability to start self-performed by user recordings and provide high signal quality, while having an affordable price. Here, we used in-ear-EEG technology and state of the art electronic components to develop such a system. This paper presents a portable, all-in-one EEG-system, capable to record biosignals on the external ear. An amplifier was developed with ADS1299 and optimised to be coupled with a smartphone. The system has a low price and at the same time provides high signal quality, has very effective common-mode-rejection, performs a fast cold start and shows low power consumptions which ensures a long time of operation. The system is easy to use and could be self-mounted and controlled by unskilled users as well. Results of test measurements are compared to a conventional EEG-System and show comparable records results quality.     

骨间前血管腕背支骨膜瓣移位修复骨不连的临床应用

报道用骨间前血管腕背支骨膜瓣移位修复骨不连、骨坏死的手术方法及疗效。方法：根据应用解剖学研究，设计以骨间前动脉腕背支为蒂的骨膜瓣，顺行移位修复尺、桡骨骨不连，逆行移位修复手舟骨、月骨不连与骨坏死。结果：临床应用19例，随访1年，在术后3～6月均达到骨愈合和骨坏死修复，关节活动功能明显改善。结论：骨间前血管腕背支为蒂的骨膜瓣移位术适合邻近骨不连、骨坏死修复。     

多巴酚丁胺试验在心肌断层显像中的应用研究

采用多巴酚丁胺试验心肌断层显像的方法对14例可疑冠心病,8例心绞痛和3例心肌梗塞病人进行了检查。试验中发现,病人用药前后心率和血压的变化有显著性差异(P<0.01)。大部分受检者出现心悸、胸闷,少数病人有恶心、头痛,一般在停药后10分钟完全恢复正常,未发现严重副作用。结果表明,多巴酚丁胺试验效应近似运动生理变化,是一种安全有效的药物应激试验方法。结合心肌断层显像,对评价心肌缺血有较大临床意义。     

骨组织工程由基础研究向临床应用过渡

大块骨缺损的修复是临床面临的棘手难题,采用传统的自体骨或同种异体骨移植及生物材料填充,由于存在种种弊端,均不理想,严重限制了其临床应用。组织工程技术的兴起为解决这一难题带来了希望,成为当前的研究热点。然而,大块组织工程骨血管化等关键性技术难题至今未找到理想的解决办法。采用常规的思路对大块骨缺损进行修复遇到了巨大的挑战。为使骨组织工程走向临床应用,提出并建立"体内灌注诱导成骨微循环系统"。     

高强度聚焦超声在医学领域中应用的新进展

本文综述了国内外在高强度聚焦超声（high intensity focused ultrasound，HIFU）技术方面研究与应用的新进展。介绍了HIFU的治疗功能原理，特别给出了焦斑半径的具体计算公式和对相关组织的热效应、空化效应、机械效应，辐照效应等损伤机理，重点研究了热效应随声波频率及声强变化的规律。给出了HIFU的一般试验模型即分层组织模型以及HIFU应用与临床的情况。重点研究了HIFU源，主要讨论了换能器的聚焦方式（1）球面自聚焦换能器，（2）声透镜聚焦换能器，（3）大功率多元超声换能器，（4）电子扫描或相控阵列聚焦换能器，以及频率选择与目标深度和辐照强度的关系，并指出与其匹配的几类聚焦换能器的优缺点，列举了HIFU技术在泌尿科、肿瘤学、神经外科、眼科、妇科、止血以及其他医学领域中的最新应用。最后评价了目前HIFU在治疗方面的优势与某些不足以及可能改进的有效措施．展望了HIFU技术广阔的应用前景．     

细针引导腰麻针径路的解剖特点与临床应用

目的：评价细针引导腰麻针穿刺径路的解剖特点与其临床应用效果。方法：经尿道微创腔镜手术30例,用9号穿刺针置于皮下引导,25GWhitacre腰穿针通过9号穿刺针孔进行蛛网膜下腔穿刺,成功后拔出内芯,可见脑脊液外流,注入0.5%布比卡因2～3ml退针,立即平卧位。观察病人麻醉平面、血压变化及麻醉效果。结果：穿刺操作简单,全部病例完成腰麻,麻醉效果好,一次腰麻能够完成手术。术后随访无任何异常。结论：掌握正确的解剖要领作细针引导下腰麻穿刺可降低病人的损伤,是一种可行、安全及有效的麻醉方法。     

引导管芯在更换经口气管导管的应用

目的 观察应用引导管芯做引导，更换经口气管内导管的临床效果。方法 随机选择26例已完成气管内插管的病人，将引导管芯插入气管导管内至隆突水平，并拔出气管导管；将欲更换的气管导管套在引导管芯外，在管芯引导下将气管导管插入气管内，完成换置；结果 全部病例均顺利完成更换导管，换管过程中病人氧合良好，术后未发生与更换导管相关并发症；结论 应用引导管芯更换气管内导管，方法安全，简便易行，可替代传统换管方法。     

Central mediation of the conditioned taste aversion induced in rats by harmaline

The assumption that drugs used as unconditioned stimuli in conditioned taste aversion (CTA) studies act centrally was tested by comparing the effects of systemic and intracerebral injections of harmaline hydrochloride (H) in 340 rats. Intraperitoneal injection of 5–20 mg/kg but not of 2.5 mg/kg H administered 5 min after 15-min saccharin (0.1%) drinking decreased saccharin-water preference in a two-choice retention test, performed 48 h later, from 55% to 20%. Since CTA was not diminished when H (10 mg/kg) was injected into rats anesthetised immediately after saccharin drinking by pentobarbital (40 mg/kg), H (1.7–50 g) was administered intracerebrally to anesthetised rats fixed in the stereotaxic apparatus. Injection of 3–6 g H into the inferior olive elicited CTA comparable to that of systemic injection of 10 mg/kg H. Injections of 6 and 50 g H into cerebellum and bulbar reticular formation elicited weaker CTA while neocortical, hypothalamic and mesencephalic applications were ineffective. CTA could also be elicited when 50 g but not 6 g H was injected into the inferior olive 1 or 2 h after saccharin drinking. This delay-dependent effect and failure of non-contingent H administration to change saccharin preference indicates that the H-induced CTA is not contaminated by a non-specific increase in neophobia. It is concluded that H probably elicits CTA by activation of caudal bulbar structures, including the nucleus of the solitary tract, area postrema and lateral reticular formation.