1990—2019年中国女性乳腺癌发病及死亡趋势的年龄-时期-队列模型分析

背景 乳腺癌位居全球女性癌因死亡首位,具有发病率高、疾病负担重等特点。目的 评估1990—2019年中国女性乳腺癌发病率及死亡率的流行变化趋势。方法 提取《2019年全球疾病负担》数据库中1990—2019年中国≥15岁女性乳腺癌发病及死亡数据,应用年龄-时期-队列的贝叶斯模型对中国1990—2019年女性乳腺癌发病及死亡趋势进行拟合,进一步估计中国女性乳腺癌发病及死亡风险中的年龄效应、时期效应和队列效应。结果 1990—2019年中国女性乳腺癌粗发病率从14.14/10万升至52.81/10万,粗死亡率从7.22/10万升至13.40/10万。乳腺癌标化发病率总体呈上升趋势(1990年为17.07/10万,2019年为35.61/10万),标化死亡率呈平稳略减趋势(1990年为9.16/10万,2019年为8.98/10万)。年龄-时期-队列模型分析结果显示：所有年龄组女性乳腺癌发病率净漂移值为2.58%〔95%CI(2.34%,2.83%)〕,局部漂移值在65～69岁年龄段达到最高,为3.46%〔95%CI(3.11%,3.80%)〕;死亡率净漂移值为-0.75%〔95%CI(-1...     

父母文化程度与高师学生心理健康问题研究

目的 了解高师学生心理健康现状和父母文化程度对高师学生心理健康水平的影响。方法 对河南省部分高师学生进行问卷调查。结果 河南省大部分高师学生心理健康状况是好的和比较好的；15.13%的高师学生心理健康状况不良，教师、咨询人员和家长应高度重视，密切配合，正确地对他们进行引导和教育。结论 父母文化程度不同对高师学生心理健康水平的影响有差异。但差异不显著。     

精神分裂症患者G72基因表达水平的研究

目的 本工作旨在检测精神分裂症（Schizophrenia）患者外周淋巴细胞中G72基因的表达情况，进而探讨G72基因的表达与精神分裂症的相关关系。 方法 工作在56例精神分裂症患者和84名年龄性别相匹配的对照中进行，在新鲜外周血样本中抽提总RNA，反转录成cDNA，基因表达量的检测在ABI Prism7900HT型序列监测系统上进行，采用TaqMan的方法对患者及对照组样本的mRNA进行定量，采集的荧光数据经SDS2.1软件自动处理，每个样本作三次平行检测，取平均值作为该样本的最终定量。数据应用SPSS统计软件进行处理，对组间基因表达水平的差异采用独立样本的T检验，调用本实验室G72基因单核苷酸多态性（SNPs）资料，用单因素方差分析的方法分析SNP与基因表达水平的关联性。结果 1.检测得到G72基因在对照组中的表达量为0.0586±0.0114amol/ng cDNA, 在精神分裂症患者组中的表达量为0.0498±0.0121amol/ng cDNA。2.经显著性检验， G72基因的表达水平在病例和对照组间差异无统计学意义，t=-0.512，df138，P=0.609，95%CI:-4.258~2.506。3.单因素方差分析结果显示，rs947267位置上的SNP与该基因的表达水平无相关，F=0.355，df2，χ2=0.703；而rs2181953位置上的SNP与G72基因表达水平相关联，F=6.275，df2，χ2=0.004。A/A基因型的患者基因表达水平显著高于其他基因型。结论：精神分裂症患者G72基因的表达量总体上较正常人并无显著变化，但rs2181953位置上的基因型会影响精神分裂症患者该基因的表达。     

Epidemiologic characteristics of death by poisoning in 1991-2001 in Korea

The purpose of this study was to investigate the epidemiologic characteristics of the death by poisoning in Korea. We recoded the Death Certificates Database by injury based on the short version of the International Classification of External Causes of Injuries (ICECI). We evaluated the mortality rate by total injury and poisoning, and analyzed the mortality rate by age, gender, year and month, toxic agent, and intent. Adjusted odds ratios were calculated to evaluate the effects of socioeconomic factors on suicidal poisoning death. The total number of death cases by injury was 346,656. The proportion of death cases by injury decreased from 13.53% of all death cases in 1991 to 11.89% in 2001. However, the mortality rate by poisoning increased rapidly from 1998, and then remained stable. The number of suicidal poisoning deaths has gradually increased, and its mortality rate was 6.41 (per 100,000) in 2001. Major toxic agents were pesticides and herbicides (50.90%) in 2001. Adjusted odds ratios of suicidal poisoning versus other poisonings showed significant differences in education attainment, region, and marital status. In conclusion, the mortality rate by poisoning has increased, and the proportion of suicidal poisoning also has increased compared to that of accidental poisoning.     

Cardiovascular risk factors in people with different genotypes in the insertion/deletion (I/D) polymorphism at the locus for angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE)

The deletion (D) allele of an insertion/deletion (I/D) polymorphism at the locus for angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE) has been reported to be an independent risk factor for myocardial infarction (MI), particularly in people lacking traditional risk factors. Furthermore, a borderline association between Lp(a) lipoprotein level and the I/D polymorphism at the ACE locus was reported in one study. We have searched for possible "level gene" or "variability gene" effects of ACE genes on Lp(a) lipoprotein, total cholesterol (TC), high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol (HDLC), low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol (LDLC), triglycerides (TG), apolipoprotein B (apoB), apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I), and body mass index (BMI). None of these variables differed significantly between genotypes in the I/D polymorphism in any of three population samples. A single population sample created by combining the three series, exhibited an insignificant trend towards individuals carrying the D-allele having a higher level of Lp(a) lipoprotein than those lacking it, and DD homozygotes had a significantly higher Lp(a) lipoprotein level than the combined group of ID/II individuals (p = 0.03). These results may indicate that the D-allele of the I/D polymorphism at the ACE locus could influence the level of Lp(a) lipoprotein.     

眼底图像畸变的校正及多幅图像的特征点拼接算法

对于眼底图像 ,由于不在正视点取像造成的几何畸变和由于荧光素从血管壁渗漏等造成的灰度畸变 ,几乎是不可避免的。为临床诊断提供丰富信息的需要出发 ,进行多幅眼底图像的拼接是必要的。本文为此提出了几个新的处理方法 ,如基于大窗口的滤波灰度校正方法、基于透视投影原理的几何校正方法与基于小波子空间上的拼接算法 ,均具有效果好和耗时少的优点。     

Does Low FEV1 in Addition to Fixed Ratio and/or Lower Limit of Normal of FEV1/FVC Improve Prediction of Mortality in COPD? The NHANES-III-linked-mortality Cohort

Purpose

There is presently an ongoing debate on the relative merits of suggested criteria for spirometric airway obstruction. This study tests the null hypothesis that no superiority exists with the use of fixed ratio (FR) of forced expiratory volume in the first second (FEV1)/forced vital capacity (FVC) < 0.7 versus less than lower limit predicted (LLN) criteria with or without FEV1 <80% predicted in regards to future mortality.

Serum levels of IL-10, IL-15 and soluble tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) receptors in type C chronic liver disease

We previously reported that the number of TNF-α-producing cells was increased in the liver of patients with type C chronic liver disease. To understand further the pathophysiology of this change, we examined serum levels of two soluble TNF receptors, TNF-αRI (p55) and -αRII (p75), and IL-10, all of which act as TNF-α buffer, and IL-15, a novel cytokine sharing many immunological activities with IL-2, using ELISA methods. We studied control individuals and patients with type C chronic liver disease, including asymptomatic hepatitis C virus (HCV) carriers with persistently normal serum ALT values, and those with chronic hepatitis (CH), liver cirrhosis (LC) and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Both types of sTNF-αR closely correlated with disease progression. Patients with LC and HCC had significantly elevated levels for sTNF-αRII compared with the other patient groups and controls. Serum IL-10 levels were significantly greater in all chronic liver disease groups than in controls. With respect to IL-15, the values were high in CH, LC and HCC compared with those of controls. Notably, HCC patients showed highest values for both IL-10 and IL-15, with significant differences from the other patient groups. Serial determinations revealed that interferon (IFN) treatment for CH patients resulted in the suppression of circulating IL-10 and IL-15 levels along with decrease in serum aminotransferase values. Both cytokines remained at decreased levels after cessation of therapy in patients who went into clinical and virological remission. On the other hand, treatment did not affect serum levels of sTNF-αRs. These findings indicate that serum levels of these molecules correlated with disease progress in chronic HCV infection, and that IL-10 and IL-15 may reflect the degree of inflammation in the liver. It is also suggested that both cytokines may be related to the development of HCC.