兔精原干细胞培养及生物学特征的初步研究

目的:建立精原干细胞的培养方法并对培养细胞的生物学特征进行研究.方法:用饲养层和无饲养层两种方法培养幼家兔精原干细胞,在倒置相差显微镜下观察培养细胞的生长和形态变化,并对细胞的糖原、脂质及c-kit受体的细胞化学和免疫细胞化学染色结果进行分析.结果:成功的分离并培养幼家兔精原干细胞.在培养细胞中精原干细胞为主体细胞,并可见少量间质细胞.根据精原干细胞体积大小和形态特点,可分为大、小两种类型.PAS染色,精原干细胞胞质呈阳性反应;免疫细胞化学染色显示,体积较小的精原干细胞c-kit受体呈强阳性反应,体积较大的大精原干细胞呈弱阳性反应;间质细胞PAS染色和c-kit受体染色呈阴性反应,而脂质染色呈强阳性反应.精原干细胞培养无论有无饲养层,均能呈集落状生长,但有饲养层的培养,细胞的生长明显优于无饲养层培养.结论:青春期前的睾丸生精小管是精原干细胞最集中、数量最多,且容易获取分离的部位;精原干细胞的成功培养为今后重建完整的生精细胞系的治疗性移植和对这类定向干细胞的发育及分化潜能的研究提供了细胞模型.     

The First‐Episode Psychosis Outcome Study: premorbid and baseline characteristics of an epidemiological cohort of 661 first‐episode psychosis patients

Aims: Studies conducted in first‐episode psychosis (FEP) samples avoid many biases. However, very few studies are based on epidemiological cohorts treated in specialized FEP services. The aim of this file audit study was to examine premorbid and baseline characteristics of a large epidemiological sample of FEP. Methods: File audit study of all patients admitted to the Early Psychosis Prevention and Intervention Centre between 1998 and 2000 using a specialized questionnaire. Results: There were 661 patient files included in the study. Premorbid evaluation revealed high rates of substance use disorder (74.1%), history of psychiatric disorder (47.5%), past traumatic events (82.7%) suicide attempts (14.3%) and family history of psychiatric illness (55.6%). Baseline characteristics revealed high intensity of illness (mean CGI 5.5), high prevalence of lack of insight (62%) and high rate of comorbidity (70%). Conclusion: High rates of traumatic events or episodes of mental illness before treatment for FEP must be considered when designing treatment approaches because a too narrow focus on positive psychotic symptoms will inevitably lead to incomplete treatment. Additionally, early intervention programmes need sufficient range of resources to address the multiple challenges presented by FEP patients such as high severity of illness, comorbidities and functional impairment. Finally, observation of an important degree of functional impairment despite short duration of untreated psychosis suggests that while early detection of FEP is a necessary step in early intervention, it may not be sufficient to improve functional recovery in psychosis and that efforts aimed at identifying people during the prodromal phase of psychotic disorders should be pursued.     

急性脑血管病病人应激状态的临床特点及护理

[目的 ]分析急性脑血管病(ACVD)应激状态的临床特点 ,探讨防治策略及护理对策。 [方法 ]回顾分析 3 62例ACVD病人的临床资料。[结果 ]ACVD病人应激反应的发生率为 47.5 1% ,病死率为 11.88%。 [结论 ]早期明确诊断与治疗 ,并采取措施积极调控机体应激状态 ,加强护理 ,有助于控制病情和促进康复 ,降低病死率。     

黄芩中四种主要黄酮成分与环氧酶-2的分子对接研究

目的:黄芩中四种主要黄酮与COX-2进行分子对接。方法:采用软件Molegro Virtual Docker(MVD),以选择性COX-2抑制剂SC-558和6COX共结晶复合物作为受体模板,建立COX-2的活性位点,并对黄芩苷等四种黄酮进行分子对接。结果:黄芩苷、汉黄芩苷、黄芩素、汉黄芩素与6COX发生分子对接的MVD分值分别为-121.64KJ/moL、-124.76KJ/moL、-96.11KJ/moL和-96.68KJ/moL。黄芩苷、汉黄芩苷以及SC-558均能作用于以Leu352,Phe518,Gly526,Val523,Ala527和Ser353等氨基酸残基组成的活性位点。结论:黄芩苷等四种黄酮与COX-2能够成功进行分子对接,其对接位点信息有助于该类化合物抑制COX-2的活性机制的阐释。     

2008年连云港市“手足口病”流行特征及病原学分型

目的分析连云港市2008年手足口病的流行特征及病原学分型情况。方法应用流行病学方法对2008年该市的手足口病流行资料进行分析。结果依据疫情报告,实验室诊断病例45例,其中CoxA1638例,EV71型7例,其他肠道病毒0例。2008年该市临床报告手足口病例1067例,报告发病率为23.19/10万,比2007年上升442.34%,男女发病比为3.1∶1。发病年龄最小的为0岁组,最大的为8岁;0～5岁组,共计发病976例,占总发数的91.47%。发病数的构成以散居儿童最多,占76.66%。地区分布:全市各个区县均有手足口病病例报告,但城区的总体发病率高于县。结论连云港市手足口病发病率有上升趋势;控制传染源是有效防止该病流行的关键。     

Molecular targeted therapy for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma

Systemic anticancer therapy for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is limited by intrinsic drug resistance and accompanying liver dysfunction. However, recent advances in molecular targeted therapy (MTT) have shed light on the treatment of advanced HCC. A recent randomized, placebo-controlled trial demonstrated that sorafenib, a multi-target tyrosine kinase inhibitor, prolonged overall survival and time-to-progression in patients with advanced HCC. This breakthrough highlights the potential of MTT targeting hepatocarcinogenic pathways, such as the Raf/MAPK/ERK pathway, angiogenic pathways and the EGFR signaling pathway. This review discusses the current status and the potential of developing novel MTTs for advanced HCC.     

小学生个性影响因素研究

【目的】分析影响儿童个性的有关因素，为培养儿童的健全人格提供依据。【方法】对西安市所属的七个区各随机抽取一所学校，每所学校抽取四、五、六年级各两个班．采用龚耀先修订的艾森克个性问卷（Eysenck Personality Questionnaire，EPQ）（儿童用）和自编的个人一般情况调查表，对2000名儿童进行调查。将调查所得数椐进行多元逐步回归分析。【结果】影响小学生个性精神性（Psy choticism，P）的因素有性别、是否班干部、父母关系；影响内外向（extrovision and intrnision，E）的因素有性别、父母关系、是否班干部、住所、母亲文化程度、所在学校；影响情绪稳定性（nearoticism，N）、掩饰性（lie,L）的均为性别、父母关系2个因素。【结论】儿童个性受家庭、学校环境等的多重影响。家长、教师应创造良好的家庭、社会环境，保持情绪乐观、稳定，避免对子女儿童的负面影响，以利于其个性向积极方向发展。     

原发性淀粉样变性的临床病理及电镜观察

淀粉样变性是指淀粉样蛋白在皮肤，粘膜或内脏器官的细胞外沉积引起的一种少见疾病。口腔粘膜中舌粘膜是本病的好发部位。本组４例典型地发生于口腔颌面部的原发性淀粉样变性病例，３例病变部位为舌，１例为皮肤和口腔粘膜同时受累，临床提示有必要进行全身系统检查及追踪随访。并就基临床表现，常规病理，组织化学及电镜进行研究，同时讨论了淀粉样蛋白的光镜，电镜特点，组织学类型生化组成及来源。     

Further characterization of morphologically defined typical and atypical CLL: a clinical, immunophenotypic, cytogenetic and prognostic study on 390 cases

We analysed a group of 390 patients, diagnosed with chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL). Cases were subclassified as morphologically typical and atypical CLL according to the criteria of the FAB proposal. Typical CLL cases were mostly diagnosed at a low-risk stage (Binet A/Rai 0), required no immediate treatment and expected a long survival; atypical CLL cases mostly presented at a more advanced risk stage (Binet B/Rai I–II), usually required immediate treatment and their survival was shorter. Moreover, clinical staging was of prognostic significance in typical but not in atypical cases.   In typical CLL, del(11q) was the most common chromosomal abnormality (21%) whereas in atypical CLL trisomy 12 was found in about 65% of the cases documented with an abnormal karyotype. Although chromosomal abnormalities were associated with a poor survival in typical CLL, they are of no prognostic significance in atypical CLL.   Based on these data, we conclude that subtyping CLL by morphology enables the identification of two groups of cases, each characterized by a specific clinical presentation, different cytogenetic abnormalities and prognostic parameters. We speculate that these two groups may represent two related, but different, diseases with different prognostic parameters and a different survival.