228名成人高护女生个性特征调查研究

为了解成人高护女生的个性特征,以便在教学工作中“因人施教”,笔对228名成人高护女生进行卡特尔个性测验,并将测验结果与一般女大学生常模相比,在11种个性因素上存在显差异,即在乐群性(A)、恃强性(E)、兴奋性(F)、敢为性(H)、世故性(N)等因素得分偏向高分一端;在聪慧性(B)、敏感性(I)、怀疑性(L)、忧虑性(O)、独立性(32)和自律性(Q3)等因素得分偏向低分一端,且差异相当显。通过对八种次级因素计算表明,成人高护女生多为适应型,个性外向,安详机警,有进取精神,心理健康状况良好,有成就倾向高于常模资料水平,但缺乏高创造能力人才,在新的工作环境中成长能力差。     

孕妇弓形虫感染对妊娠的影响

目的　探讨孕妇弓形虫感染对妊娠的影响。方法　采用酶联免疫吸附试验三联诊断法对 35 6例孕妇及其新生儿进行血清弓形虫抗原及抗体检测。结果　孕妇弓形虫感染率平均为 15 .17% ,不同年龄组孕妇感染率无显著性差异 ,但高龄产妇组略高 ;不同职业孕妇感染率无显著差别 ,但农民组感染率明显较高。 4例畸形儿中弓形虫感染阳性 2例。有早产史的孕妇弓形虫阳性率为 2 0 % ,明显高于平均感染率。此外还发现第 2胎怀孕出生的新生儿其循环抗原阳性率为 42 .86 % ,显著高于第 1胎出生者 (19.15 % )。结论　孕妇弓形虫感染可引起早产、畸胎 ,对新生儿有一定影响     

上海市长宁区中老年妇女慢性病现况调查

目的 了解中老年女慢性病患病状况,为社区中老年妇女的疾病预防、健康促进及制定中老年卫生政策提供科学依据。方法 采用入户调查的方式,对上海市长宁区75368名40－69岁中老年妇女常见慢性病患病率及常见关联因素,进行了结构式问卷调查。结果 在长宁区中老年妇女中,各种常见慢性病患病率居前5位的依次为高血压（23．9％）、慢性胃炎（19．7％）、冠心病（7．4％）、肿瘤（6．5％）和糖尿病（4．4％）。常见恶性肿瘤中,乳腺癌患病率最高（750／10万）,其次是胃癌（130／10万）。影响慢性病患病率的因素包括年龄、婚姻状况、吸烟、饮酒及饮茶等。结论 社区卫生工作应从健康教育入手,积极开展老年病防治工作。卫生部门应关注人口老龄化带来的新问题,积极提高中老年妇女的健康状况。     

Disparities Among Leading Publishers of Arthroplasty Research

BackgroundDespite the importance of diversity in advancing scientific progress, diversity among leading authors in arthroplasty has not been examined. This study aimed to identify, characterize, and assess disparities among leading authors in arthroplasty literature from 2002 to 2019.MethodsArticles published between 2002 and 2019 from 12 academic journals that publish orthopedic and arthroplasty research were extracted from PubMed. Original articles containing keywords related to arthroplasty were analyzed. Author gender was assigned using the Genderize algorithm. Gender and characterization of the top 100 male and female authors utilized available information on academic profiles.ResultsFrom the 14,692 articles that met inclusion criteria, the genders of 23,626 unique authors were identified. Women were less likely than men to publish 5 years after beginning their publishing careers (adjusted odds ratio 0.51, 95% confidence interval 0.45-0.57, P < .001). Of the top 100 authors, 96 were men, while only 4 were women. Orthopedic surgeons made up 93 of 100 top authors, of which 92 were men and 1 was a woman. Among the top 10 publishing female and male authors, 10 of 10 men were orthopedic surgeons, only 2 of 10 women were physicians, and only one was an attending orthopedic surgeon.ConclusionWhile the majority of authors with high arthroplasty publication volume were orthopedic surgeons, there were significant gender disparities among the leading researchers. We should continue working to increase gender representation and supporting the research careers of women in arthroplasty.     

膝胸卧位红光照射联合肛提运动对产后痔急性发作的疗效

目的 探讨膝胸卧位红光照射联合肛提运动对产后痔急性发作的改善效果.方法 将68例经阴道分娩并发产后痔急性发作的产妇按入院时间分为对照组36例、观察组32例.两组产妇产后给予相同的产褥期知识宣教、母婴护理指导等常规护理措施,在此基础上,对照组采用屈膝侧卧位配合红光照射,观察组给予膝胸卧位红光照射联合肛提运动.观察两组产后24 h和产后5d痔疼痛程度、肛周水肿程度、治疗效果、治疗过程舒适度.结果 干预后两组疼痛评分、肛周水肿程度、治疗效果比较,差异有统计学意义(均P＜0.01);两组治疗过程舒适程度差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 产后痔急性发作的产妇应用膝胸卧位红光照射配合肛提运动能有效减轻产妇疼痛及肛周水肿程度,治疗效果较好.     

心理筛查异常孕妇产后抑郁发生状况及影响因素分析

目的 调查建档产检时心理筛查异常孕妇产后抑郁症状发生情况并分析其影响因素.方法 纳入建档产检时心理筛查异常孕妇681例.根据爱丁堡产后抑郁量表筛查结果判定产妇是否存在产后抑郁症状,采用Logistic回归分析探讨产后抑郁症状的影响因素.结果 681例中出现产后抑郁症状105例(占15.4％).个人精神心理疾病史,孕晚期存在焦虑症状、抑郁症状和焦虑抑郁症状并存是发生产后抑郁症状的危险因素(P＜0.05,P＜0.01).结论 建档产检时心理筛查异常产妇产后抑郁症状发生率不高,提示可能需要重新考虑合适的孕期心理筛查时间点和量表.需重视孕晚期心理筛查异常孕妇和有精神心理疾病史孕妇的跟踪随访,同时提高从业者的心理保健能力,保障心理保健效果.     

基于IMB模型的初产妇及配偶双主体母乳喂养健康教育

目的 探讨基于信息—动机—行为技巧模型(IMB模型)的初产妇及配偶双主体线上孕妇学校课程母乳喂养健康教育的实施效果.方法 便利选取行剖宫产术的初产妇及配偶为研究对象,随机分为两组,入住产科A区(n=63)为对照组,按常规以初产妇为主体实施母乳喂养健康教育;入住产科B区(n=64)为观察组,实施基于IMB模型的初产妇及配偶双主体线上孕妇学校课程的母乳喂养健康教育管理.比较干预前后两组父亲支持母乳喂养自我效能、初产妇母乳喂养自我效能和产后6周内纯母乳喂养率.结果 干预后观察组父亲支持母乳喂养自我效能、初产妇母乳喂养自我效能评分和产后6周内纯母乳喂养率显著高于对照组(均P＜0.01).结论 基于IMB模型的初产妇及配偶双主体线上孕妇学校课程的健康教育可发挥初产妇配偶支持母乳喂养的积极作用,提高初产妇母乳喂养自我效能和产后纯母乳喂养率.     

Current status and solutions for gender equity in anaesthesia research

Despite increasing numbers of women entering anaesthesia, they remain persistently under-represented within academic anaesthesia and research. Gender discordance is seen across multiple aspects of research, including authorship, editorship, peer review, grant receipt, speaking and leading. Women are also under-represented at higher faculty ranks and in department chair positions. These inequities are further magnified for women with intersectional identities, such as those who identify as Black, indigenous and women of colour. Several barriers to participation in research have been identified to date, including a disproportionate amount of family responsibilities, a disproportionate burden of clinical service, gender bias, sexual harassment and the gender pay gap. Several strategies to improve gender equity have been proposed. Increasing access to formal mentorship of women in academic medicine is frequently cited and has been used by healthcare institutions and medical societies. Senior faculty and leaders must also be conscious of including women in sponsorship and networking opportunities. Institutions should provide support for parents of all genders, including supportive parental leave policies and flexible work models. Women should also be materially supported to attend formal educational conferences targeted for women, aimed at improving networking, peer support and professional development. Finally, leaders must display a clear intolerance for sexual harassment and discrimination to drive culture change. Peers and leaders alike, of all genders, can act as upstanders and speak up on behalf of targets of discrimination, both in the moment or after the fact. Gender inequities have persisted for far too long and can no longer be ignored. Diversifying the anaesthesia research community is essential to the future of the field.     

年轻女性乳腺癌外科治疗焦点问题及对策

年轻乳腺癌病人预后较差,与侵袭性生物学特征密切相关,是临床治疗的一大难点。年轻女性乳腺癌病人的外科手术抉择需要综合权衡肿瘤生物学特征、病人的自身需求、社会家庭支持因素等各个方面。对于早期肿瘤应当积极开展保乳手术,对于临床分期较晚的肿瘤,建议参照分子分型积极开展新辅助治疗,或者实施合适的乳房重建技术。临床医师应当为病人提供更加充分的信息与高级别的循证医学证据,鼓励病人积极参与外科手术决策的制定。     

VIBE-Dixon序列骨髓脂肪定量与骨密度在女性骨质疏松症评价的研究

目的 探讨扫描层厚、翻转角对VIBE-Dixon序列测量腰椎骨髓脂肪分数的影响,探讨脂肪分数与骨密度(bone mineral density, BMD)的相关性,确定其与年龄、体质量指数（body mass index, BMI)、绝经、运动的关系。方法 选取116名符合纳入标准的志愿者,行腰椎MRI VIBE-Dixon扫描和DXA扫描。测量L1~4椎体骨髓的脂肪分数和骨密度。用组内相关性评估测量可重复性。采用Pearson线性相关分析评价2 mm与4 mm层厚的测量结果。采用Pearson线性相关分析评价5°、10°、15°翻转角得到的腰椎脂肪分数与骨密度的相关性。对年龄分组、BMI分组、运动情况分组均采用单因素方差分析,对绝经组与非绝经组采用t检验。结果 经两名技术专家测量的组内相关系数ICC=0.983。不同层厚结果之间存在明显相关性[r=0.981 (5°),0.969 (10°),0.972 (15°);P均﹤0.05]。不同翻转角、不同层厚结果与骨密度之间存在中度相关性[r=0.702 (2 mm-5°),0.732 (2 mm-10°),0.703(2 mm-15°),0.697(4 mm-5°),0.700(4 mm-10°), 0.714(4 mm-15°); P均﹤0.05]。腰椎椎体脂肪分数随年龄增加呈上升趋势,不同年龄组间差异有统计学差异[F=31.87(2 mm-5°), 28.41(2 mm-10°), 28.69 (2 mm-15°), 34.11(4 mm-5°), 34.05(4 mm-10°), 32.82(4 mm-15°); P﹤0.05]。腰椎椎体脂肪分数随BMI增加呈上升趋势;绝经女性FF值明显高于非绝经女性;运动强度对FF值没有影响。结论 VIBE-Dixon测量腰椎椎体脂肪分数具有可重复性;层厚和翻转角对评估影响较小;腰椎椎体脂肪分数能较好反映骨质量,并与腰椎骨密度呈负相关。