2005年流感嗜血杆菌的分离与耐药性分析

目的 了解2005年流感嗜血杆菌（Hi）的检出状况与耐药情况。指导临床合理用药。方法 统计分析2005年我院Hi的分离与耐药情况。结果 在852份痰及咽拭子标本中分离出Hi169株。在363份眼及耳拭子标本中分离出Hi23株，在4242份生殖道分泌物标本中分离出Hi34株。体外药物敏结果显示Hi对复方磺胺甲噁唑耐药性最高为62．0％，氨苄西林次之为46．0％。而对复方阿莫西林、利福平、头孢呋辛、头孢噻肟甚为敏感。耐药率为0％-1．5％。结论 Hi在呼吸道标本中的检出率最高。眼、耳拭子标本中次之。在生殖道分泌物中亦有检出。建议眼、耳拭子及生殖道分泌物标本作细菌培养时也应同时接种哥伦比亚血平板（COS）、淋球菌选择性平板（VCh）及嗜血杆菌选择性平板（HAE），Hi感染的治疗应首选复方阿莫西林、头孢二代或三代类扰生素。     

高-低密度法分离培养大胚龄人神经干细胞

目的 从大胚龄人胚脑中分离培养并鉴定神经干细胞。方法 采用高—低密度培养、无血清培养和单细胞克隆技术分离培养出神经干细胞，并应用免疫荧光染色鉴定。结果 从13周龄胚脑中成功分离出具有自我更新和多分化潜能的神经干细胞，它们具有连续克隆能力，可传代培养，表达神经巢蛋白抗原，分化后的细胞表达神经元细胞、胶质细胞和少校胶质细胞的特异性抗原。结论 高—低密度培养法能成功地分离和培养大胚龄入神经干细胞。     

Gradient sperm selection for reproductive techniques in cattle: Is Isolate a suitable replacement for Percoll?

In assisted reproductive techniques, it is essential to perform a sperm selection to obtain spermatozoa with high motility and membrane integrity for in vitro fertilisation (IVF) and high‐DNA integrity for intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI). In this study, we evaluated whether Isolate ^® was a suitable substitute for Percoll ^® for assisted reproductive techniques. Commercial cryopreserved bovine semen was used after selection in both gradients, and plasma and acrosome membrane integrity, reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, DNA integrity and mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) were assessed by flow cytometry. Motility parameters were also evaluated by CASA system. A similar percentage of spermatozoa with intact plasma membrane, acrosome integrity and high ΔΨm was observed in both sperm selection methods, but only Percoll ^® showed higher percentage of spermatozoa with intact plasma and acrosome membrane compared to the post‐thawing group. No differences were observed in the motility, ROS, DNA fragmentation and on the in vitro embryo production in all experimental groups. In conclusion, the selection of bovine spermatozoa with Isolate ^® generates spermatozoa with similar quality parameters and embryonic development compared to Percoll ^® providing a suitable alternative sperm selection method for assisted reproductive techniques in this species.     

甲状腺次全切除术中避免损伤喉上神经的体会

本文报道１３０例甲状腺手术，其中双侧甲状腺次全切除２４例，患侧全切、对侧次全切除４例，单侧甲状腺大部切除１０２例。作者认为喉上神经距离上极只０．１ｃｍ，仅靠近上极游离甲状腺血管，神经损伤在所难免，如同时将将上极向下、向前，特别足向外牵引，使该神经与上极距离拉远，这样可有效地避免甲状腺术中损伤喉上神经。     

衍生法分离茯苓三萜

用重氮烷和卤代烃的化学衍生法使结构相近、难以分离的三萜羧酸酯化,不改变三萜骨架结构,分离茯苓三萜,确定其结构。此法不需要特殊仪器,操作简单,条件温和。     

三种动物血巧克力平板分离流感嗜血杆菌效果评价

目的：为了比较三种巧克力平板痰培养流感嗜血杆菌的检出率和生长情况。方法：将送检的痰标本及流感嗜血杆菌标准菌株ATCC10211分别接种于羊血、马血和兔血巧克力平板上,置烛缸中,36℃培养24h,比较流感嗜血杆菌检出率及其生长情况。结果：（1）三种巧克力平板痰培养流感嗜血杆菌的检出率分别为8%、34%及36%。（2）标准菌株ATCC10211在马血和兔血巧克力平板上生长良好,菌落直径0.5-1mm,而在羊血巧克力平板上生长差,菌落大小如“沙粒”,肉眼难见。结论：痰培养流感嗜血杆菌应使用马血或兔血巧克力平板,而不用羊血巧克力平板。     

Molecular identification and the complete nucleotide sequence of TYLCV isolate from Shanghai of China

Tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV) belongs to the genus Begomovirus, family Geminiviridae. It is transmitted by the whitefly Bemisia tabaci. A pair of primers was designed according to the specific sequence of the TYLCV gene and used in the PCR detection of the virus in the infected tissues of tomato grown in the Shanghai area of China. DNA was extracted from leaves, fruits, seeds, and roots of infected tomato plants separately. The results showed that the target fragment of about 570 bp could be isolated from the leaves, fruits, roots of infected tomato plants, but not from the seeds. Thus, the PCR-based detection technology for the Shanghai TYLCV (TYLCV-Sh10) has been established. Primers were then designed based on the sequence of the 570 bp fragment to obtain the complete DNA-A sequence of TYLCV-Sh10 by genome walking. Sequencing results indicated that the DNA-A sequence of TYLCV-Sh10 contained 2781 nt that included six ORFs. BLAST results showed that DNA-A of TYLCV-Sh10 had low homology with the characterized TYLCV in China (TYLCCNV) except TYLCV-ZJ8 (TYLCV isolated from Zhejiang China). But it was most closely related to TYLCV-USA (99.28% sequence identity). TYLCV-Sh10, TYLCV-ZJ8, TYLCV-USA, TYLCV-Mex, and TYLCV-Eg formed an independent branch by pairwise comparison and phylogenetic analysis. All these results strongly suggested that Sh10 was an isolate of America or Africa TYLCV.     

浅谈母婴同室与护士的职业道德

首先护士应具有高尚的职业道德，为产妇提供优质服务。其次，护士在母婴同室中应起的作用；宣传母乳喂养的好处；宣传母乳喂养的最好时限；示教正确喂哺婴儿的姿势；指导产妇如何防止乳腺炎；指导剖腹产的母亲如何正确喂哺。     

加强供应室的环节管理、控制和预防院内感染

目的:加强消毒供应室的管理,达到预防和控制医院院内感染。方法:在供应室的各个环节严格执行消毒隔离制度,消毒物品、空气进行抽样,培训监测。结果:每月无菌间抽样合格率为100%。结论:控制院内感染,提高医疗质量,除了供应室做好消毒隔离外,还要合理使用抗生素等结合治理,建立健全医院感染的监控制度,才能有效地控制和预防院内感染。     

2000-2004年广州市登革热血清学和病原学分析

目的 对2000-2004年广州市登革热（DEN）病原体分离鉴定及流行特点分析，为该病的诊断、预防和治疗提供依据。方法 采用间接酶联免疫（ELISA）法、免疫斑点法、免疫层析法、对疑似患者的血清特异性抗体IgM、IgG进行检测。用C6／36细胞对早期病例血清进行病毒分离，以间接免疫荧光（McAb-IFA）、RT-PCR方法鉴定。RT-PCR法检测成蚊、蚊幼。结果 病毒分离株经用单克隆抗体间接免疫荧光（McAb-IFA）、RT-PCR检测鉴定为Ⅰ级登革病毒。检出幼蚊有登革病毒Ⅰ型。结论2001-2004年广州市的登革热流行是由Ⅰ型登革病毒感染所致，2002年出现暴发与流行并延伸到2003年。