风险护理在脊柱骨折患者围术期护理中的应用及对患者疼痛症状的影响

目的:研究风险护理在脊柱骨折患者围术期护理中的应用及对患者疼痛症状的影响。方法:选取2017年9月-2018年12月我院收治的脊柱骨折患者128例,随机分为2组,对照组使用常规护理,观察组在此基础上结合风险护理。结果:观察组护理满意度高于对照组(P<0.05);观察组并发症人数以及并发症发生几率小于对照组(P<0.05).结论:在脊柱骨折患者围术期护理中的应用风险护理,可以提高患者的护理满意度,减少患者术后并发症发生概率。     

阻生智牙拔除术后不同医嘱告知模式对

目的 比较阻生智牙拔除术后不同医嘱告知形式对疼痛、出血、肿胀等术后常见并发症发生率的影响,为降低智牙拔除术后并发症及提高患者满意度提供帮助。方法 随机选取2018年1月—2018年10月间在中南大学湘雅医院口腔颌面外科就诊的150例拔除下颌阻生智牙的患者,随机分为3组,每组50例。第1组术后接受术后医嘱口头告知,第2组术后医嘱书面告知,第3组术后医嘱口头和书面同时告知。术前获取患者的年龄、性别和受教育程度等个人信息。术后7 d记录并分析患者疼痛、出血、肿胀等并发症和对医疗行为满意度。采用SPSS 22.0软件包对数据进行统计学分析。结果 150例受试者中,男69例,女81例,平均年龄（24.6±2.6）岁。结果表明,术后医嘱口头告知组患者的术后疼痛程度显著高于书面医嘱组（P=0.001）和口头加书面医嘱组（P=0.000）,患者满意度最低;同时接受口头和书面医嘱告知的患者,术后满意度最高。结论 术后医嘱告知方式可以显著影响下颌阻生智牙拔除术后的疼痛强度和患者满意度。     

Quels sont les objectifs non médicaux individuels et collectifs ?

INDIVIDUAL NON-MEDICAL OBJECTIVES ARE: Information to patients concerning their past exposure to asbestos and their right to compensation; equity demands that every person potentially eligible should be fully informed. Social recognition. Facilitation of compensation by informing the patient and his physician of the mechanisms. COLLECTIVE NON-MEDICAL OBJECTIVES ARE: Social visibility, contributing to the prevention of occupational cancer. Better balance of the Social Security budget since it is the employers who bear the cost of compensation of occupational diseases. Improved epidemiological understanding of the circumstances of exposure and the most commonly concerned occupations and industries. Evaluation of the mechanisms of management of occupational diseases. PSYCHOLOGICAL IMPACT: It is of the same magnitude as any screening procedure; it should be acceptable and avoid long-term negative psychological effects; it may be useful to implement specific support for the few patients with psychological problems.     

The Relationship Between Weight Loss and Health‐related Quality of Life in a Serbian Population

We examined changes in weight‐specific health‐related quality of life (HRQOL) and the relation to weight loss in a Serbian population undergoing diet‐induced weight loss treatment. HRQOL was assessed at intake and after 1 year using the Impact of Weight on Quality of Life‐Lite (IWQOL‐Lite) questionnaire. Study sample consists of 135 obese patients. After 1 year of diet therapy, patients experienced an average weight loss of ~12%, and significant improvements were noted in all IWQOL‐Lite domains (Physical Function, Self‐esteem, Sexual Life, Public Distress and Work). Amount of weight loss was closely linked to all domains (F = 27.49; p < 0.001), except Sexual Life (F = 2.08; p = 0.108). In patients with weight reductions of 5%–9.99%, there was a great improvement in physical function and self‐esteem. In those with ≥10% weight loss, there was improvement in all dimensions of IWQOL‐Lite. With the prevalence of obesity rising worldwide, including in Serbia, the positive effects of weight loss on weight‐specific HRQOL are encouraging. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association.     

Treatment of sleep disorders may improve fatigue in multiple sclerosis

Objective

In a previous polysomnographic cross-sectional study we found a significant relationship between sleep disorders and multiple sclerosis (MS) related fatigue. The purpose of this open follow-up observation was to compare the impact of treatment of sleep disorders on MS related fatigue measured with the Modified Fatigue Impact Scale (MFIS).

Methods

Non-randomized follow-up observation: treated versus untreated patients, subgroups according to compliance with sleep medical treatment recommendations (univariate, multivariate analysis, multiple logistic regression). 66 MS patients were followed after polysomnography, 49 patients with relevant sleep disorders and 17 without.

Results

Mean MFIS scores decreased from 41.2 to 26.2 (p = 0.025) in patients with good compliance (GC; n = 18), from 42.4 to 32.1 (p = 0.12) in patients with moderate compliance (MC; n = 12), and from 41.6 to 35.5 (p = 0.17) in non-compliant patients (NC; n = 17). Mean MFIS values increased in patients without sleep disorders from 22.9 to 25.4 (NSD; n = 12, p = 0.56). In multiple logistic regression, treatment of sleep disorders predicted decrease of MFIS-values (GC versus NSD odds ratio 13.4; p = 0.015; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.7–107.2, MC versus NSD odds ratio 13.8; p = 0.028; 95% CI 1.3–143.3).

Conclusions

Sleep medical treatment may improve MS related fatigue when patients adhere to treatment recommendations.     

异基因造血干细胞移植后并发慢性移植物抗宿主病患者生活质量变化及其影响因素分析

目的探究异基因造血干细胞移植(allo-HSCT)后并发慢性移植物抗宿主病(cGVHD)患者生活质量及其影响因素。 方法选取2016年6月至2020年6月于浙江大学医学院附属第一医院骨髓移植中心行allo-HSCT并在移植后诊断为cGVHD的患者作为研究对象,研究时间为allo-HSCT后初次诊断cGVHD至确诊后9个月。收集allo-HSCT后并发cGVHD患者确诊cGVHD时以及确诊后3、6和9个月临床资料,并采用第4版癌症治疗功能评价-骨髓移植测评量表(FACT-BMT V4.0)对其进行问卷调查。非正态分布计量资料采用Kruskal-Wallis H检验进行比较。分类变量采用卡方检验进行比较。对allo-HSCT并发cGVHD患者确诊后3个月生活质量影响因素进行单因素分析,选取单因素分析中P<0.05的因素及患者年龄进行多元线性回归分析。P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。 结果最终纳入247例allo-HSCT后并发cGVHD患者,其中111例为轻度cGVHD,104例为中度cGVHD,32例为重度cGVHD,三组患者原发病及移植时间构成比例差异均有统计学意义(χ²＝15.446和44.456,P均<0.05)。轻、中、重度cGVHD组患者躯体状况、社会/家庭状况、情感状况、功能状况、干细胞移植模块得分以及FACT-BMT V4.0总分差异均有统计学意义(H＝41.184、16.277、22.695、27.014、60.112和64.645,P均<0.05)。截至2021年6月,247例allo-HSCT后并发cGVHD患者中位随访时间为948(246,1 867)d,其中68.4%(169/247)患者经系统治疗后获得完全缓解(CR)/部分缓解(PR)。获得CR/PR患者确诊cGVHD时以及确诊后3、6、9个月FACT-BMT V4.0总分分别为152(111,183)、124(95,154)、129(100,157)和152(120,182)分,各时间点差异有统计学意义(H＝344.113,P<0.05)。单因素及多元线性回归分析结果显示,cGVHD严重程度及糖皮质激素耐药是影响allo-HSCT后并发cGVHD患者确诊后3个月生活质量独立危险因素(P均<0.05)。 结论FACT-BMT V4.0在allo-HSCT人群中具有较好的实践价值。cGVHD严重影响allo-HSCT后患者生活质量,且与cGVHD严重程度及糖皮质激素耐药密切相关。经治疗后获得CR/PR者FACT-BMT总分呈动态上升趋势。     

2010~2014年某大型综合型医院青年科学基金申报资助分析

目的 探讨青年科学基金获资助的必要条件。方法 对2010~2014年某大型综合型医院申请和中标的青年科学基金数据进行统计描述和统计分析,分析基金申请人员和获资助人员基本特征。结果 ①此大型医院近5年共申请青年科学基金543项,中标132项,平均资助率为24.31%;②项目负责人男女性别分布平均,以中级职称居多,重点学科中标率高;③77.27%的科研人员获得青年基金前已经发表过1~3篇SCI论文。结论 科研人员的研究基础对获青年科学基金资助越来越重要。     

药物临床试验机构备案制发生的变化和影响

我国药物临床试验机构经历了30多年的发展历程。在临床试验实施中起着重要的作用。2017年10月27日,国家食品药品监督管理总局（CFDA）,发布了新的《药物临床试验机构管理规定（征求意见稿）》。较由原国家食品药品监督管理局和卫生部共同颁布《药物临床试验机构资格认定办法（试行）》,在药物临床试验机构资质申请认定和管理方面都发生了很大变化,在申请资质与途径、流程和时限、申请基本条件、违法惩处力度等方面有了新的表述。本文旨在比较前法规与新法规的相关变化并分析其发生的影响。