永久性人工心脏起搏器植入术的护理

目的：探讨永久性人工心脏起搏器植入术的护理措施,减少并发症,提高护理水平。方法：对15例患者做好心理护理、术前准备、术中护理配合、术后护理,特别是健康教育等护理措施。结果：15例患者中无一例因护理不当而发生并发症。结论：为安置永久性心脏起搏器的患者提供积极有效的护理措施和健康教育可减少并发症,保证病人生活质量,从而使手术的成功率得到提高。     

Modifying women's risk for cardiovascular disease

OBJECTIVE: To present current recommendations for cardiovascular disease risk reduction in women. DATA SOURCES: Medline databases were searched from 1990 to 2006 using keywords women and cardiovascular risk, hypertension, cholesterol, and hormone replacement therapy, as well as Web sites from scientific associations such as the American Heart Association, American College of Cardiology, Agency for Health Research and Quality, and the Centers for Disease Control for relevant scientific statements and guidelines. STUDY SELECTION: Randomized controlled trials, particularly those that have influenced current practice recommendations, scientific statements, and clinical practice guidelines were selected. DATA EXTRACTION AND SYNTHESIS: Factors contributing to women's particular risk and current practice recommendations. CONCLUSIONS: Current research has clarified the importance of regular exercise (at least 30 minutes/day most days of the week); abstinence from smoking; a diet focused on whole grains, fruits, vegetables, and low-fat protein sources; and maintenance of normal weight. This lifestyle combined with a partnership with a health care provider to maintain a normal blood pressure (115/75 mm Hg) and optimal lipoproteins through pharmacotherapy when indicated can prevent 82% of cardiovascular disease events in women.     

健康矫治理念在骨性Ⅲ类牙颌畸形传动矫治中的应用研究

目的 研究使用传动矫治技术非手术治疗成功的骨性Ⅲ类牙颌畸形病例矫治前后头颅侧位片中软硬组织的变化,下切牙长轴IA(long axis of the lower incisors),与下颌联合长轴(颏轴)MA(long axis of the mandibular symphysis)所成角度MIA(angle betw...     

老年人群生活方式评分与血脂异常和高尿酸血症的关联研究

目的 研究老年人群生活方式评分与血脂异常、高尿酸血症的关联.方法 以2016年武汉市某区参与体检的21390名老年人为研究对象,根据吸烟、饮酒、饮食、运动、体质指数、腰围情况计算其生活方式评分,采用Logistic回归和多元线性回归分别探究生活方式评分与血脂异常和高尿酸血症、血脂水平和尿酸水平的关系.结果 与生活方式评...     

4214名健康体检者幽门螺杆菌检验结果分析

目的 探讨大连地区体检人群幽门螺杆菌尿素酶抗体阳性率及分布特点.方法 用胶体金法对2013年9月至2015年9月期间在大连市第三人民医院做体检的4214名健康体检者的幽门螺杆菌尿素酶抗体进行检测,以性别和年龄进行分组,对其检验结果进行统计学分析.结果 4214名健康体检者幽门螺杆菌总阳性率为21.76％ (917/4214);其中男性和女性健康体检者阳性率分别为23.98％ (480/2002)、19.76％ (437/2212),男性和女性健康体检者幽门螺杆菌阳性率比较,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);再将这些体检者分为＜45岁、45～ 59岁、60 ～ 74岁和75～ 89岁4个组,幽门螺杆菌阳性率在4个年龄组分别为19.13％ (447/2337)、24.77％(357/1441)、26.09％(102/391)和24.44％(11/45),组间幽门螺杆菌尿素酶抗体阳性率差异具有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 大连地区体检人群幽门螺杆菌尿素酶抗体阳性率分布与性别和年龄有关.     

Daily stress,presleep arousal,and sleep in healthy young women: a daily life computerized sleep diary and actigraphy study

ObjectiveOur study aimed to further elucidate the mediating role of presleep arousal in the relationship between daily stress and sleep by investigating subjective sleep quality and actigraphy-assessed sleep efficiency (SE) on both within- and between-participant levels in a sample of healthy young women.MethodsMultilevel modeling was applied on electronically assessed data comprising 14 consecutive nights in 145 healthy young women to assess the relationship between daily stress, presleep (somatic and cognitive) arousal, and sleep on both levels between participants and within participants across days.ResultsHigher levels of daily stress were consistently and significantly associated with higher levels of somatic and cognitive arousal. Somatic arousal mediated the relationship between daily stress and worsened subjective sleep quality on the between-participant level, while cognitive arousal mediated the relationship between daily stress and worsened subjective sleep quality on the within-participants level. Unexpectedly, healthy young women showed higher SE following days with above-average stress with somatic arousal mediating this relationship.ConclusionsOur data corroborate the role of presleep arousal mediating the relationship between daily stress and subjective sleep quality. Interestingly this effect was restricted to somatic arousal being relevant on interindividual levels and cognitive arousal on intraindividual levels. For young and healthy individuals who experience high stress and arousal, well-established cognitive–behavioral techniques could be useful to regulate arousal and prevent worse subjective sleep quality.     

健康体检者体检项目漏检的原因与对策

目的：分析健康体检者项目漏检的原因，为提高体检质量提供对策。方法随机抽取4600份体检者体检表，统计漏检项目人数和漏检率，对漏检原因进行调查，并做出分类描述。结果4600份体检表中，体检项目不全739份，漏检率16．1％。漏检的主要原因为体检者体检意识薄弱、只注重仪器检查、轻视手工检查、工作忙怕麻烦、害怕查出问题、体检单位组织者及医院体检中心在管理上有缺陷。结论健康体检者漏检现象比较常见，加强体检工作管理，做好体检健康教育工作，尊重和维护体检者的隐私，以促进体检者完成健康体检。     

White matter integrity of motor connections related to training gains in healthy aging

Impaired motor skill acquisition is a feature of older age. Acquisition of new motor skills requires the interplay between different cortical motor areas. Using diffusion tensor imaging we reconstructed cortico-cortical connections between the primary motor cortex (M1) and secondary motor areas in 11 older and 11 young participants who took part in a motor skill acquisition paradigm with the nondominant left hand. Examining the extent to which tract-related integrity correlated with training gains we found that white matter integrity of fibers connecting contralateral M1 with both contralateral (r = 0.85) and ipsilateral supplementary motor areas (r = 0.92) were positively associated in old participants. Also, fibers connecting contralateral M1 with ipsilateral dorsal premotor (r = 0.82) and fibers connecting ipsilateral dorsal premotor and supplementary motor area (r = 0.88) were positively related to skill acquisition (all p < 0.05). A similar structure-behavior relationship was not present in the young control subjects suggesting a critical role of brain structural integrity for motor learning in healthy aging.     

Sensitivity of the fear-inhibited light reflex to diazepam

 We have shown previously that pupil diameter increases and the amplitude of the pupillary light reflex is reduced when subjects are under threat of an aversive event (electric shock), and that light reflex amplitude correlates negatively with subjective anxiety. We have suggested that the “fear-inhibited light reflex” paradigm could be used as a laboratory model of human anxiety. In the present study, we examined whether two doses (5 mg and 10 mg) of the anxiolytic drug diazepam would antagonize the effects of threat on the pupillary light reflex. Twelve healthy male volunteers participated in three weekly sessions, each associated with one of three treatments (diazepam 5 mg or 10 mg or placebo) in a double-blind, balanced, cross-over design. The light reflex was recorded during either the anticipation of a shock (“threat” blocks) or periods in which no shocks were anticipated (“safe” blocks). At the end of each “threat” or “safe” block, subjects rated their anxiety using visual analogue scales. Two-factor ANOVA (treatment × condition) showed that diazepam treatment antagonized the effect of threat on light reflex amplitude in a dose-dependent manner but it did not affect the threat-induced increase in pupil diameter. Diazepam had no effect on the pupillary light reflex in the “safe” condition. Diazepam also reduced subjective anxiety and alertness in the threat condition. These results show the sensitivity of the threat-induced reduction of light reflex amplitude to anxiolytic drugs, and provide further evidence for the utility of the fear-inhibited light reflex paradigm as a laboratory model of human anxiety. Received: 20 March 1997/Final version: 7 July 1997     

健康人微伏级T波电交替试验检测分析

微伏级T波电交替 (MTWA)与器质性心脏病恶性室性心律失常的发生密切相关。T波电交替偶见于正常人运动时。本研究的目的是探讨正常人静息和运动时MTWA的发生情况。用CambridgeHeart.HeartwaveTMsys tem心脏诊断系统 ,以频谱法检测 4 5例健康志愿者MTWA。结果 :所有受试者静息时MTWA阴性。运动负荷试验时 ,非持续性MTWA 5例 (11.11% ) ,持续性MTWA 2例 (4.4 4 % ) ,1例阈值心率 <110次 /分 ,另一例发作心率>110次 /分。 4 5例中 ,MTWA阳性 1例 (2 .2 2 % ) ,但持续时间短暂 (1min) ,不确定性 2例 (4.4 4 % ) ,阴性 4 2例(93.33% )。结论 :健康人MTWA阳性发生率低 (2 .2 2 % ) ,短暂的MTWA无恶性室性心律失常的临床意义。