深圳市院办院管模式下人才培养互动机制的影响因素及对策

目的：分析深圳市院办院管模式下医院与社康中心人才培养互动机制中存在的问题,并针对性提出相关对策,为政府有关部门的决策提供参考。方法：收集2007年深圳市有关人才培养机制的各项政策,并进行社康中心工作人员问卷调查和知情人访谈,在此基础上进行分析。结论：医院与社康中心人才培养互动机制的影响因素很多,应当通过重视人才培养规划、鼓励和吸引人才、多种途径培养人才等方式促进人才培养互动机制的构建。     

Does HPA-axis activity mediate the relationship between obstetric complications and externalizing behavior problems? The TRAILS study

To examine whether HPA-axis activity mediates the relationship between obstetric complications (OCs) and externalizing behavior problems, and to investigate whether this model is different for boys and girls. In a population-based cohort of 1,768 10- to 12-year-old early adolescents, we assessed the cortisol awakening response and evening cortisol levels. Externalizing behavior problems were assessed using the Child Behavior Checklist and the Youth Self-Report. OCs were retrospectively assessed in a parent interview. OCs significantly predicted externalizing behavior problems, but OCs did not predict HPA-axis activity. Thus, the mediation model was not supported. In addition to the relationship between HPA-axis activity and externalizing behavior problems, which is specific for girls, there is also a relationship between OCs and externalizing behavior problems. However, these two mechanisms are not related to each other indicating that HPA-axis activity is not a mediator in the relationship between OCs and externalizing behavior problems. Future research should focus on understanding the mechanism through which OCs cause externalizing behavior problems.     

Are there Gender-Specific Pathways from Early Adolescence Psychological Distress Symptoms Toward the Development of Substance Use and Abnormal Eating Behavior?

The aim of the present longitudinal community study was to test whether psychological distress at 13 years of age predicted reported substance use problems in boys and abnormal eating behavior in girls 2 years later. The sample consisted of 500 male and 576 female students. The use of substances was evaluated using a semi-structured interview, psychological distress with the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ) and eating psychopathology with the Eating Attitudes Test (EAT-40), and the Bulimic Investigatory Test Edinburgh (BITE). Controlling the effect of initial substance use problems, psychological distress predicted later reported substance use problems in males. Girls with an initial score above the cut-off point on the GHQ were two times more likely to be at risk of having an eating disorder 2 years later. Therefore, psychological distress might take different developmental pathways in males and females, leading toward eating problems in the latter versus substance use in the former.     

Alexithymia and occupational burnout are strongly associated in working population

OBJECTIVE: The relationship between alexithymia and occupational burnout has not previously been studied. We investigated the association between alexithymia and occupational burnout in a representative nationwide population health study. METHODS: This study was a part of the Finnish Health 2000 Study. The nationally representative sample comprised 3322 employees aged 30-64 years. Alexithymia was measured with the 20-item Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS-20) and occupational burnout with the Maslach Burnout Inventory-General Survey. Sociodemographic and health-related variables including depression were treated as confounders in the logistic regression analyses, which were performed alternately with TAS-20 total score and the scores of the three TAS-20 factor scales as alexithymia variables. RESULTS: Alexithymia and its three facets were significantly associated with occupational burnout even when controlled for confounding factors. CONCLUSIONS: Even though both alexithymia and depression are associated with burnout, alexithymia may be an independent risk factor for occupational burnout.     

Catatonia and consultation-liaison psychiatry study of 12 cases

Nowadays, catatonia is no more considered as a subtype of schizophrenia. Catatonia seems more frequently associated to mood disorders as well as general medical conditions. It is sometimes difficult to associate formally a medical etiology to this syndrome. But we found, in the literature, three groups of associated general medical conditions: neurological disorders, drug induced and toxic induced conditions, metabolic conditions. We present a prospective study of 12 clinical cases of catatonia due to general medical conditions we realized in the Consultation-Liaison Psychiatry Department of the University Hospital of LILLE (France) during a period of 5 months. We find coherent data with the literature. However, our results suggest that if medical conditions precipitate the catatonia syndrome, they are rarely its only etiology. We think that if somatic factors are co-morbid with psychiatric conditions they do not necessarily predominate as the target of treatment. The treatment of the catatonia must be a priority and remain symptomatic, to allow in parallel the specific treatment for the somatic disorder or the psychiatric disorder.     

The effectiveness of ziprasidone in treating impaired quality of life in schizophrenia: a 12-month, open-label, flexible-dose, naturalistic observational study of patients undergoing usual care

OBJECTIVE: Health related quality of life (HRQL) has become an important outcome measure in the treatment of psychiatric disorders. This long-term observational study examined ziprasidone-induced improvement in satisfaction with HRQL in schizophrenia patients treated under real-world conditions. METHOD: Seventy schizophrenia patients with persistent symptoms or troublesome side effects were assigned to a 12-month, open-label, flexible-dose (40-160 mg/d), large-scale, naturalistic trial. Outcome measures were taken at baseline, 6, and 12 months, and included the Quality of Life Enjoyment and Satisfaction Questionnaire (Q-LES-Q), severity of symptoms, distress, and side effects. RESULTS: Thirty-two patients fully completed the study protocol. Patients reported poorer general HRQL compared with healthy subjects. At the end of the study, significant improvement in general activity, and satisfaction with life was observed. The effect sizes for these changes were moderate (0.55, and 0.72, respectively). After Bonferroni correction for multiple comparisons improvement in satisfaction with general activity remained significant. No significant changes were noted in other Q-LES-Q dimensions. Improvement in general activity was associated with a reduction in the severity of symptoms and emotional distress, but was unrelated to the ziprasidone daily dose, side effect scores, and concomitantly prescribed antidepressants, anxiolytics, mood stabilizers, or antiparkinson drugs. CONCLUSION: This study indicates that ziprasidone treatment resulted in the improvement of the satisfaction with general activity that tended to increase over time, from month 6 onwards. This effect was associated with reduction in the severity of clinical symptoms, and emotional distress.     

恒速输注瑞芬太尼、丙泊酚在全麻病人苏醒期的临床观察

目的观察病人恒速输注瑞芬太尼、丙泊酚全麻后苏醒期的表现。方法择期行全身麻醉的手术病人68例,ASAⅠ-Ⅱ级,随机分为两组,每组34人。A组麻醉方法为恒速输注瑞芬太尼、丙泊酚,持续吸入低浓度异氟醚。B组恒速输注咪唑安定,间断推注芬太尼,持续吸人低浓度异氟醚全麻。观察病人麻醉苏醒时间、拔管时间、苏醒期的精神状态、生命体征变化以及气道反应。结果A组病人苏醒时间与拔管时间小于B组（P〈0．05）;苏醒期病人的安静程度A组优于B组（P〈0．05）：吸痰时病人的咳嗽反应A组明显低于B组（P〈0．01）;拔管前后两组生命体征的变化无明显差异（P〉0．05）。结论恒速输注瑞芬太尼、丙泊酚全麻病人在苏醒期具有苏醒快速、平稳,气道反应小,病人舒适度高的特点。     

关于加强医保定点医疗机构监管的思考

建立覆盖城乡居民医疗保障体系,对加强定点医疗机构的监管提出了新的要求和挑战.本文论述了在建立覆盖城乡居民医疗保障体系中加强定点医疗机构监管的必要性,主要体现在:政府职能转变的必然要求,医疗服务主体有效治理的重要手段,保障基金安全的迫切需要.提出了加强定点医疗机构监管的基本策略:明确政府管理部门的监管职能与职权,建设多层次、多主体参与的监管体系,开发监管手段和工具,注重监管效率、效益的提高.     

Factors associated with incomplete colonoscopy: a population-based study

BACKGROUND & AIMS: The U.S. Multi-Society Task Force on Colorectal Cancer sets a target of cecal intubation in at least 90% of colonoscopies. We conducted a population-based study to determine the colonoscopy completion rate and to identify factors associated with incomplete procedures. METHODS: Men and women 50 to 74 years of age who underwent a colonoscopy in Ontario between January 1, 1999, and December 31, 2003, were identified. The first (index) colonoscopy was classified as complete or incomplete. A generalized estimating equations model was used to evaluate the association between patient, endoscopist (specialty, colonoscopy volume), and setting (academic hospital, community hospital, private office) factors and incomplete colonoscopy. RESULTS: A total of 331,608 individuals had an index colonoscopy, of which 43,483 (13.1%) were incomplete. Patients with an incomplete colonoscopy were older (odds ratio [OR] 1.20 per 10-year increment; 95% confidence interval [CI]=1.18-1.22), more likely to be female (OR 1.35; 95% CI: 1.30-1.39), have a history of prior abdominal surgery (OR 1.07; 95% CI: 1.05-1.09) or prior pelvic surgery (OR 1.04; 95% CI: 1.01-1.06). For colonoscopies done in a private office, the odds of an incomplete procedure were more than 3-fold greater than for procedures done in an academic hospital (OR 3.57; 95% CI: 2.55-4.98). CONCLUSIONS: In usual clinical practice in Ontario, 13.1% of colonoscopies are incomplete. The factors most strongly associated with incomplete colonoscopy were increased patient age, female sex, and having the procedure in a private office. Quality improvement programs are needed to improve colonoscopy completion rates.