Osteoarthritic human chondrocytes proliferate in 3D co‐culture with mesenchymal stem cells in suspension bioreactors

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a painful disease, characterized by progressive surface erosion of articular cartilage. The use of human articular chondrocytes (hACs) sourced from OA patients has been proposed as a potential therapy for cartilage repair, but this approach is limited by the lack of scalable methods to produce clinically relevant quantities of cartilage‐generating cells. Previous studies in static culture have shown that hACs co‐cultured with human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) as 3D pellets can upregulate proliferation and generate neocartilage with enhanced functional matrix formation relative to that produced from either cell type alone. However, because static culture flasks are not readily amenable to scale up, scalable suspension bioreactors were investigated to determine if they could support the co‐culture of hMSCs and OA hACs under serum‐free conditions to facilitate clinical translation of this approach. When hACs and hMSCs (1:3 ratio) were inoculated at 20,000 cells/ml into 125‐ml suspension bioreactors and fed weekly, they spontaneously formed 3D aggregates and proliferated, resulting in a 4.75‐fold increase over 16 days. Whereas the apparent growth rate was lower than that achieved during co‐culture as a 2D monolayer in static culture flasks, bioreactor co‐culture as 3D aggregates resulted in a significantly lower collagen I to II mRNA expression ratio and more than double the glycosaminoglycan/DNA content (5.8 vs. 2.5 μg/μg). The proliferation of hMSCs and hACs as 3D aggregates in serum‐free suspension culture demonstrates that scalable bioreactors represent an accessible platform capable of supporting the generation of clinical quantities of cells for use in cell‐based cartilage repair.     

2008－2014年中国艾滋病病毒感染者和艾滋病患者随访管理进展

目的 了解2008－2014年我国艾滋病病毒感染者/艾滋病患者(HIV/AIDS)随访管理工作进展。方法 采用随访干预、CD₄⁺T淋巴细胞(CD₄)检测和配偶/固定性伴HIV抗体检测3个指标分析随访管理工作进展,利用艾滋病综合防治数据信息系统中2008－2014年数据库,分析指标变化情况。结果 全国HIV/AIDS的随访干预率由2008年的55.7%上升到2014年的94.7%,CD₄检测率由2008年的48.4%上升到2014年的88.3%,配偶/固定性伴HIV抗体检测率由2008年的48.3%上升到2014年的91.1%。3项指标均逐年增长,经趋势χ²检验均有统计学意义(随访干预:χ²=180 466.733,P<0.01;CD₄:χ²=35 982.374,P<0.01;配偶检测:χ²=43 108.270,P<0.01)。注射吸毒途径HIV/AIDS随访干预率和配偶检测率较低,监管场所HIV/AIDS的3项指标均较低,感染途径不详者3项指标最低。结论 我国HIV/AIDS随访管理指标显著提高,HIV/AIDS得到有效随访管理服务。今后要加强注射吸毒途径感染以及监管场所HIV/AIDS的随访管理工作,首诊时加强个人信息的收集。     

Start‐up designs for response‐adaptive randomization procedures with sequential estimation

Response‐adaptive randomization procedures are appropriate for clinical trials in which two or more treatments are to be compared, patients arrive sequentially and the response of each patient is recorded before the next patient arrives. However, for those procedures that involve sequential estimation of model parameters, start‐up designs are commonly required in order to provide initial estimates of the parameters. In this paper, a suite of such start‐up designs for two treatments and binary patient responses are considered and compared in terms of the numbers of patients required in order to give meaningful parameters estimates, the number of patients allocated to the better treatment, and the bias in the parameter estimates. It is shown that permuted block designs with blocks of size 4 are to be preferred over a wide range of parameter values. For the case of two treatments, normal responses and selected start‐up procedures, a design incorporating complete randomization followed appropriately by repeats of one of the treatments yields the minimum expected number of patients and is to be preferred. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Riker镇静躁动评分对脑出血患者麻醉苏醒后躁动的影响

目的：探讨Riker镇静躁动评分对脑出血患者麻醉苏醒后躁动及认知功能的影响。方法将68例脑出血外科手术患者按随机数字表分为观察组及对照组,各34例。对照组给予常规性护理,观察组应用Riker镇静躁动评分进行护理,比较2组患者术后躁动、皮肤损伤、非计划性拔管、再出血等并发症发生情况。结果观察组患者躁动、皮肤损伤、非计划性拔管、再出血发生率显著低于对照组（P<0.05）。结论 Riker镇静躁动评分系统评估干预脑出血术后患者能有效降低患者躁动及意外事件发生率,提高患者满意度。     

健康随访管理模式在早期诊断恶性肿瘤中的实践探讨

目的:探讨通过建立健康体检随访管理模式,对早期筛查恶性肿瘤的临床价值。方法:对2007年-2009年106033人健康体检人群中筛查出的肿瘤早期疑似病例,建立健康档案进行随访检查与跟踪。结果:通过健康管理随访,从5796例疑似人群中筛查出早期恶性肿瘤患者84人,检出率为79.22/10万,其中肺癌(19.8/10万)、肾癌(13.2/10万)、肝癌(8.5/10万)占据检出率前3位。结论:健康体检结合疑似病例健康管理随访检查与跟踪是早期发现恶性肿瘤的重要手段与有效途径。     

曾斌芳教授“辛苦开郁法”治疗咽痹经验

曾斌芳教授临证治疗咽痹以少阴客邪上泛、风邪犯肺客咽、脾虚湿浊痹阻、实火循经夹咽4种证型统之。甘草汤主少阴客热咽痛,桔梗汤主少阴寒热相搏咽痛;银翘散为辛凉之平剂,主风热犯肺客咽;理中汤合牡蛎泽泻散以通阳气、散水结,湿浊蕴阻之咽痹;清胃散专治实火牙痛,使以桔梗、半夏假道上行至咽,清热肃咽,取“辛开苦降”之义;黛蛤散主木火刑金之咽痹,佐以左金丸,使以桔梗循经上咽,调其所胜之气,太过者折之,取“木郁达之”之义。究其辨治用药谨防寒凉用事,避其郁遏之弊,始终不离“郁”字,其治以“辛苦开郁”为法。     

Social class inequalities in health among occupational cohorts from Finland,Britain and Japan: A follow up study

We examined whether relative occupational social class inequalities in physical health functioning widen, narrow or remain stable among white collar employees from three affluent countries. Health functioning was assessed twice in occupational cohorts from Britain (1997–1999 and 2003–2004), Finland (2000–2002 and 2007) and Japan (1998–1999 and 2003). Widening inequalities were seen for British and Finnish men, whereas inequalities among British and Finnish women remained relatively stable. Japanese women showed reverse inequalities at follow up, but no health inequalities were seen among Japanese men. Health behaviours and social relations explained 4–37% of the magnitude in health inequalities, but not their widening.