三种补肾方对老年大鼠下丘神经递质的影响

目的：观察三种补肾方对24个月龄老年大鼠下丘氨基酸类神经递质的影响.方法：采用反相高效液相色谱(HPLC)荧光法、受体放射分析法、RT PCR法测定大鼠下丘的氨基酸递质含量、受体特异性结合量及受体亚单位的mRNA表达.结果：24个月龄大鼠下丘存在兴奋/抑制失衡,表现为下丘γ 氨基丁酸(GABA)能抑制作用减弱,可能与耳鸣发病率随年龄增长而增加有关.补肾息鸣经验方使24个月龄大鼠下丘氨基酸类神经递质介导的抑制作用上调和兴奋作用下调；左归丸及右归丸使24个月龄大鼠下丘兴奋性与抑制性氨基酸类神经递质(Asp、Tau、GABA)含量均有明显上升.结论：对肾虚耳鸣的治疗应在补肾的基础上结合开窍活血等药物.     

Socioeconomic status and cancers of the female breast and reproductive organs: a comparison across racial/ethnic populations in Los Angeles County, California (United States)

Objectives: Despite the fact that socioeconomic status (SES) has been shown to have important implications in health related issues, population-based cancer registries in the United States do not routinely collect SES information. This study presents a model to estimate the SES of cancer patients in the registry database.Methods: At the Los Angeles Cancer Surveillance Program (CSP), we developed a model to estimate each cancer patient's SES from aggregate measurements of the census tract of residence (n = 1,640) at time of diagnosis. We then applied the SES estimates to observe the relationship between SES and risk of cancers of the female breast and reproductive organs including cancers of the ovary, cervix uteri, and corpus uteri. The analyses were performed on the cumulative records (n = 127,819) of cancer patients diagnosed between 1972 and 1992 in Los Angeles County, California, for the mutually exclusive racial/ethnic groups of non-Hispanic Whites, Hispanic Whites, Blacks, Asians, and persons of other ethnic groups.Results: We found SES is positively associated with female breast cancer, ovarian cancer, and cancer of the corpus uteri, but inversely associated with cervical cancer. These SES trends were quite consistent across age groups among non-Hispanic White women. Variations by race/ethnicity in the SES patterns were also found, with Asians exhibiting little association.Conclusions: Our model of measuring SES is sufficiently sensitive to capture the trends. Adopting the aggregate approach to measure SES in population-based registry data appears to be useful.     

从需求角度对新型农村合作医疗可持续性的思考--云南省玉龙县新型农村合作医疗试点情况调研报告之二

通过对云南省玉龙县新型农村合作医疗试点的考察，从需求方角度着重对筹资与受益、信息传递和“瞄准”弱势人群等方面进行分析。揭示出试点存在的几个问题：(1)没有很好体现筹资的垂直公平，造成脆弱人群参合水平较低；(2)在医疗补偿上，富裕人群相对贫困人群占有较大的份额；(3)弱势群体的照顾在新型合作医疗实施过程中还不够充分；(4)现行筹资水平对于贫困人群的承受力缺乏可持续性。     

福建省畲族中学生心理健康状况

目的了解畲族中学生心理健康状况,以便为少数民族中学生的心理健康教育提供依据.方法以症状自评量表(SCL-90)为测试工具,以当地汉族中学生为对照组,采用随机整群分层抽样研究方法,调查福建省部分畲族中学生的心理健康状况.结果汉畲族中学生在抑郁、恐怖等因子中差异均有显著性,与对照组不同,调查对象的心理健康状况差异不存在显著性.结论畲族中学生总体心理健康水平低于汉族学生.应针对畲族中学生的心理特点进行心理健康的指导和干预工作.     

湖北民族学院土家族医学生心理健康状况

目的研究分析土家族医学生心理健康状况,为开展少数民族大学生心理健康教育提供依据.方法采用症状自评量表(SCL-90)对湖北民族学院医学院1997～1999级医学生中的土家族学生509人的心理健康状况进行测评,并进行比较分析.结果被试中至少有1项SCL-90因子分≥3分的学生占21.41%,男、女及不同年级学生间比较,差异均无显著性.总体上,土家族医学生的心理健康水平优于国内其他地区大学生.结论土家族医学生心理问题不容忽视,且女生的心理卫生问题相对较为突出,应根据土家族人的心理特性对土家族医学生进行心理卫生教育.     

GROWTH STATUS OF CHILDREN IN NORTH WEST SYRIA: A COMPARISON OF THREE RURAL LIVELIHOOD GROUPS

Undernutrition, a multifactorial phenomenon, has severe consequences. A study was conducted in Syria to compare nutritional differences in children from three rural livelihood groups: a “barley-livestock” group in the southeast (Khanasser), and an “olive/fruit tree” group and an “irrigation” group in the northwest of Aleppo province (Afrin). An anthropometric assessment was conducted on 541 rural children from 207 rural households and 199 urban children (2-10 years) from a middle income urban group. Comparisons were made with the 1978 NCHS/WHO (National Center for Health Statistics/ World Health Organization) international growth reference (WHO, 1995) and a -2 SD Z-score was used as a cut-off. Prevalence rates and mean Z-scores were calculated and independent sample t-tests used to compare totals and age-group disaggregated children (both boys and girls). Total stunting prevalence was highest in the barley-livestock group (23%) and lowest in the irrigation group (12.5%). Girls in the barley-livestock group displayed the highest rates of stunting (28.3%), followed by the boys (22%) and the girls (21.08%) in the olive/fruit tree group. The prevalence of underweight children was highest in the barley-livestock and olive/fruit tree livelihood groups (14.29% and 13.25%, respectively). Wasting rates were very low. The rates of stunting and underweight were higher in the barley-livestock and olive/fruit tree groups, as compared with the country-level estimates of 20.8 percent and 12.9 percent respectively, in children under five. A comparison of rates and mean scores indicates that, amongst rural groups, there was considerable variation: the barley-livestock and olive/fruit tree group, belonging to drier and poorer areas, exhibited higher rates and lower mean scores.     

在沪就读藏族初中学生情绪和自我意识相关性研究

目的了解在沪读书藏族中学生情绪和自我意识之间的关系,以便为藏族学生心理咨询提供依据。方法应用流调用抑郁量表、PiersHarris儿童自我意识量表(PHSS)对藏族中学生672名进行调查。结果藏族中学生抑郁情绪的检出率为14.4%。男生在行为分量表、合群分量表的得分低于女生;躯体外貌分量表得分为男生高女生低。有抑郁情绪学生的PHSS总分和各分量表得分均低于无抑郁情绪的学生,差别有统计学意义。抑郁情绪与自我意识总分及各分量表得分呈负相关。结论在沪就读藏族中学生的情绪状态与自我意识有关,且相互影响。     

四川省阿坝州藏汉羌族学生膳食营养评价

目的了解四川省阿坝州少数民族中小学生膳食营养状况,为改善西部少数民族地区中小学生膳食营养状况提供依据。方法采用分层随机整群抽样方法,对四川省阿坝藏羌自治州7~18岁藏、汉、羌族男女学生1 651名进行24 h膳食回顾调查,对其膳食质量及营养状况进行分析。结果藏、汉、羌族学生能量摄入普遍不足,各个年龄组未达到RNI的比例均在60%以上。能量主要来源为碳水化物,蛋白质和脂肪供能比偏低;3个民族学生钙摄入量普遍明显不足,低于AI值者超过97%,低于1/2 AI值者占63.2%~93.6%;维生素A、硫胺素和核黄素、维生素C、维生素E均摄入不足,并随年龄增大而加重。3个民族学生能量摄入无明显差异,碳水化物摄入量藏族明显高于汉、羌族;其余各种营养素的摄入量藏、羌族均低于当地汉族,藏族最低。膳食平衡指数评价膳食质量表明,膳食质量距不为0,负端分均在27~32分之间,属中等偏下水平,各族学生蔬菜、水果、奶类和豆类、动物性食物均摄入不足,谷类摄入偏高;食物种类汉族优于藏、羌族,女生优于男生,但总体单调。结论四川省阿坝地区藏、汉、羌族学生营养摄入普遍不足、膳食质量差,藏、羌族学生更需营养改善。     

四川省阿坝州藏羌汉族儿童少年骨骼生长发育状况

目的了解四川省阿坝藏羌自治州藏、汉、羌族儿童少年骨骼生长发育状况,为少数民族贫困地区儿童青少年生长发育的研究提供依据。方法采用分层随机整群抽样的方法,测量四川省阿坝州7~18岁藏、汉、羌族1 822名男女儿童少年的身高、坐高、前臂长和膝高4项指标,并对其骨骼生长发育状况进行比较分析。结果藏族男女儿童少年各项指标均大于当地羌、汉族,其中7~9岁和17~18岁2个年龄段尤为明显;与全国学生平均身高相比,藏族低于全国城市水平,高于乡村水平,羌、汉族与全国乡村水平相当;除藏男9岁组和藏女7岁组外,3个民族儿童少年身高均低于四川省同年龄组平均水平。结论四川省阿坝州藏、羌、汉族男女儿童少年骨骼生长发育较差,建议加强体育锻炼,改善生活环境和营养状况。     

壮族中小学生心理健康状况及其影响因素研究

目的了解壮族学生心理健康状况及其影响因素,为采取干预措施提供依据。方法采用症状自评量表(SCL-90)和自行设计的中小学生一般情况调查表,对广西壮族中小学生814人进行调查。结果壮族学生心理问题的检出率为9.18%,随着学习阶段的升高,出现症状的项目数越多、程度也越重;壮族男女生间的差别主要表现在高中阶段,女生的躯体化、强迫、抑郁、焦虑、恐怖、精神病性因子得分显著高于男生(P<0.01或P<0.05)。影响壮族学生心理健康的主要因素是年龄、学习压力、成长是否顺利、睡眠情况、性别、人际关系、是否适应环境、是否有朋友、母亲教育方式和爱好情况。结论壮族中小学生心理健康状况不容乐观。应针对不同阶段学生的身心特点和影响心理健康的因素采取综合性措施,以提高壮族学生的心理健康水平。