Smoking Habits and Carcinoma of the Stomach: A Case-Control Study

Over a period of 8 years, a case-control study was carried out on smoking habits in 117 patients with carcinoma of the stomach and 234 controls, and a significant association of a particular method of smoking with the site of gastric carcinoma was found in the cancer patients. Furthermore, there was a highly significant difference in method of smoking between the cancer patients and the control group. The prevalence of smoking habit in the latter was 37%, of which 26% had swallowed the smoke regularly. In contrast, the incidence of smoking habit in the cancer patients was over 56%, of which 64% had swallowed the tobacco smoke. The difference is highly significant (P < 0.001). The study also suggests that the distal part, in particular, the antrum of the stomach was affected more frequently among the smokers of the cancer patients who had swallowed the smoke regularly but the cardiac end seemed to be involved more often in the other groups of the cancer patients. These included'never-smokers,'ex-smokers and those smokers who did not swallow the smoke (P < 0.01). It is therefore concluded that the swallowing of tobacco smoke seems to influence the site of gastric carcinoma. The relative risk was six-fold higher among the smokers who did swallow the smoke compared with the 'never-smokers' of the control group.     

Chronic sialadenitis with pleomorphic adenoma of the parotid: coincidental or causal?

 A 12-year-old boy with a pleomorphic adenoma of the parotid is reported. The excised gland specimen also showed evidence of chronic sialadenitis. The co-existence of these two entities has not been previously reported in the literature surveyed by us. The authors feel that the two conditions may have a common underlying etiology. Accepted: 25 September 2000     

宫颈癌发病因素及年轻化趋势的探讨

目的　探讨宁夏地区不同时期宫颈癌患者发病构成、临床病理特点及其相关因素的变化。方法　对1988- 1992年间 (前 5年组 )及 1998- 2 0 0 2年间 (后 5年组 )收治的共计 2 77例宫颈癌患者进行回顾性分析 ,根据年龄分为≤ 4 0岁、4 1- 4 9岁、5 0 - 5 9岁、≥ 6 0岁四组。结果　两组平均发病年龄无差异 ,均以 5 0 - 5 9岁为高发组 ,4 0岁以下年轻宫颈癌的发生比率明显升高 ,由前 5年组的 12 .5 %升至后 5年组的 2 8.18% ,P <0 .0 1,具有显著的统计学意义。职业分布教师、干部等高级知识分子的构成比明显下降 ,个体、自由职业者发病率逐年升高。结论　宫颈癌的发生、发展近二十年呈现明显上升趋势和年轻化趋势 ,其发病因素前 5年组多与早婚、早育、多产等传统的因素有关 ,而后 5年组HPV感染及性生活紊乱与宫颈癌的发生、发展更为密切     

慢性扩张性脑内血肿

慢性扩张性脑内血肿是脑内血肿的一种特殊类型，在临床上少见，本文报告６例慢性扩张性脑内血肿，并对其病因，临床特点，影像学表现、术中所见及治疗进行了讨论。     

梅里埃病病因的探讨

自发现梅里埃病与机体免疫系统发生免疫紊乱有关以来，对梅里埃病的研究在不断加深，就梅里埃病血清和内淋巴囊内免疫状况的特点、与过敏原的关系、基因环境的影响等方面进行综述。     

Periphere Aneurysmen —Häufigkeit,Lokalisation und Ätiologie

Zusammenfassung Nur 4% der 8461 rekonstruktiven Arterieneingriffe (1966–15.3.1981) entfielen auf periphere Aneurysmen (p. A.); ohne Nahtaneurysmen sogar nur 2,4%. 44%. der p. A. waren arteriosklerotischer Genese, 41% entfielen auf Nahtaneurysmen. 87% aller peripheren Aneurysmen waren im Becken—, Oberschenkel— und Kniebereich lokalisiert, davon 2/3 im iliao—femoralen Abschnitt, 1/4 in der A. poplitea. 25% der Patienten hatten 2 und mehr Aneurysmen. Die Ruptur betrug im eigenen Krankengut 3,5%; in 27% war ein distaler Verschluß eingetreten. Im asymptomatischen Stadium betrug die Amputationsrate 4%, die Frühletalität 2%. Nach Eintreten präoperativer Komplikationen war die Amputationsrate um das 4fache auf 16% und die Frühletalität sogar auf das 8fache auf ebenfalls 16% angestiegen.

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Peripheral aneurysms — frequency, etiology, and localisation

Summary Peripheral aneurysms (p. a.) took only 4% of the 8.461 reconstructive operations in vascular surgery (1966–March 15, 1981). 44% of the p. a. were secondary to arteriosclerosis, while 41% were anastomotic aneurysms. 2/3 of all arteriosclerotic peripheral aneurysms were localized in the iliac or femoral artery; the popliteal artery was involved in 25%. 25% of the patients had 2 and more aneurysms. The popliteal aneurysm was found to be bilateral in 32%. Rupture occured only in 3.5% whereas 27% of all peripheral aneurysms were associated with distal occlusive disease. In the asymptomatic stage amputation rate was 4%, the operative letality 2%, after complications both increased up to 16%.

     

慢性盆腔疼痛综合征

慢性盆腔疼痛综合征 (慢性非细菌性前列腺炎 )是泌尿外科常见病 ,治疗效果不佳 ,影响病人的生活质量 ,本文对此病的定义和分类、病因学、诊断和治疗最新进展作一综述     

难治性癫痫患者的EEG特点与病因探讨

目的 :探讨难治性癫的脑电图 (EEG)特点与病因。方法 :对 78例难治性癫患者的常规EEG和头颅磁共振成像 (MRI)检查资料进行分析。结果 :EEG上波检出率仅为 2 8% ,慢波异常率则高达 6 8%。其中不同发病年龄组 (<14岁和≥ 15岁 )和不同病程组 (<10年和≥ 10年 )的样波检出率和慢波异常率比较 ,差异均有极显著意义 (P <0 .0 0 0 1)。而不同发作类型组、头MRI(- )和头MRI(+)组的样波检出率和慢波异常率比较 ,差异无显著意义 (P <0 .0 5 )。借助头颅MRI检查 ,发现难治性病因主要是大脑发育不全、脑外伤和海马硬化等。结论 :难治性癫的EEG以慢波异常增多 ,样放电减少为特点 ,并且与发病年龄、病程长短有着密切关系。故常规EEG检查价值不大 ,应行Video -EEG监测和MRI检查 ,以便尽早发现致源和难治性病因     

原位肝移植术后肝脓肿的诊断和治疗

目的 探讨原位肝移植术(OLT)后肝脓肿的病因、诊断、治疗和预防措施。方法自1993年1月至2003年6月，本中心共行OLT274例，术后并发肝脓肿6例(2．2％)。患者主要临床表现有发热、寒战、腹痛、身目黄染、肝功能损害、低蛋白血症、贫血、白细胞及中性粒细胞比例增高等。诊断主要根据临床表现及超声或CT检查。治疗方法主要包括脓肿抽吸引流、清除胆泥．抗炎和支持治疗。结果6例中2例治愈，3例放弃再次肝移植术，2例死于严重全身感染，治愈率为33．3％。结论OLT后肝脓肿病因较复杂，可能与肝动脉血栓或狭窄、甲基强的松龙冲击治疗、胆管炎症和介入治疗等有关。OLT后肝脓肿的预后较差．应加强预防措施防止其发生。