Cognitive and behavioural correlates of non‐adherence to HIV anti‐retroviral therapy: Theoretical and practical insight for clinical psychology and health psychology

This cross‐sectional study identified variables associated with protease inhibitor (PI) non‐adherence in 179 patients taking anti‐retroviral therapy. Univariate analyses identified 11 variables associated with PI non‐adherence. Multiple logistic regression modelling identified three predictors of PI non‐adherence: low adherence self‐efficacy and seriousness of non‐adherence and HIV (p < .001), perceived absence of HIV associated illness (p < .01), and use of more than one type of recreational drug (p = .001). The model correctly classified 83.9% of the sample, offers psychologists insight into psychological barriers to treatment adherence to guide interventions for improving adherence, and supports a modified version of the reformulated health belief model.     

提高成人高护班护理心理学教学效果的探讨

针对护理心理学的学科属性和成人高等护理教育的特点,结合8年来护理心理学的教学经验,总结出了教学应强调专业教育和素质教育相结合,努力提高护理心理学教育的整体水平。     

Successful navigation of late career transitions

The purpose of this educational review was to describe the challenges that may face the anesthesiologist near the end of their career and to propose strategies that will enable the individual to continue to be a productive and valued member of their Department, both clinically and by other contributions.     

Improving community health and social care practitioners’ confidence,perceived competence and intention to use behaviour change techniques in health behaviour change conversations

Community health and social care practitioners play an increasingly important role in the health promotion agenda, but lack confidence in having effective health behaviour change (HBC) conversations with members of the public. This study reports the development and evaluation of a training intervention based on health psychology to improve health and social care practitioner self-rated confidence, competence and intention to use five behaviour change techniques (BCTs) in their HBC conversations. A 2-day behavioural science interprofessional skills training course plus online learning module was designed for health and social care staff across North East Scotland, teaching five evidence-based BCTs (e.g. Action Planning), plus person-centred communication skills. Participants rated confidence, competence and future intention to use the BCTs on likert scales (1–10) pre-course and post-course, and provided acceptability data. 177 participants aged 20–64 took part, qualitative and quantitative data suggested that the course had high acceptability. Paired samples t tests (n = 120 with complete data) showed significant improvements in confidence, competence and intention following the course, which remained significant with a conservative analysis (n = 174) assuming no change for missing data. Perceived competence in Action Planning increased most during the course (mean change 3.09). In conclusion, health psychology-based skills training can improve practitioner confidence, competence and intention to use evidence-based BCTs; further evaluation is needed to assess practice change.     

社会支持与环境作用大学生心理:行为的中介效应

目的:探究大学生社会支持、环境、行为、心理之间的相互作用机制,为大学生的行为引导和心理健康干预提供参考。方法:采用一般情况调查表和大学生生命质量评价简明量表(QOLCS-23),对2510名大学生进行问卷调查。结果:⑴社会支持与环境、行为、心理两两呈显著正向相关;⑵行为在社会支持与环境和大学生心理之间起到部分中介作用,中介效应显著,中介效应所占比例为55.22%;⑶与生活行为相比,时间管理对大学生行为贡献更大(β=0.75,P<0.001)。结论:社会支持与环境可直接预测大学生心理,亦可通过行为间接影响其心理。提高大学生心理健康水平,应重视大学生对社会支持与环境的感受度和满足感,引导大学生构建良好行为,尤其要树立时间管理意识。     

脑卒中后抑郁早期综合干预的随访研究

目的:探讨早期综合干预对卒中后抑郁症状的疗效及对功能恢复的影响.方法:采用多种量表评分对114例卒中后抑郁患者进行随机、对照并随访1年的前瞻性研究.结果:研究组与对照组各57例全部完成随访.汉密尔顿抑郁量表17项分在干预后5周,卒中后3、6、12个月研究组均明显优于对照组(P<0.001).抑郁症状在研究组治愈51例(89.5%)、有效57例(100%),对照组分别为2例(3.5%)、7例(12.3%),两组相比差异显著(P<0.001).巴氏指数在干预后各时点研究组均优于对照组(P<0.05).神经功能缺损量表分在干预后5周研究组(7.01±5.43)优于对照组(10.63±8.52,P<0.05),卒中后3、6、12个月两组无显著差异.结论:早期综合干预对卒中后抑郁具有很好的疗效,在一定程度上可加快卒中后神经功能的恢复,提高患者的日常活动能力.     

慢性荨麻疹病人生活质量的调查

①目的 探讨慢性荨麻疹对病人生活质量的影响。②方法 应用特别疾病设计问卷及Ｎｏｔｔｉｎｇｈａｎ健康全貌（ＮＨＰ）问卷,对７６例慢性荨麻疹病人进入地调查。③结果 ６５％～１００％病人报告他们在家庭管理、个人爱好、娱乐活动和社会交往、活动、情绪因素、睡眠、何处及工作中的困难是由于其皮肤情况所致;ＮＨＰ部分Ⅰ分数显示病人在运动、睡眠、能力、社会孤独及情绪反应方面受到限制;ＮＨＰ部分Ⅱ分数显示病人在工作学     

钟祥地区80岁以上高龄老人社会心理调查分析

为探讨中国农村高龄老人社会心理状态及影响因素,以便改善高龄老人的社会、家庭、医疗服务,提高老年人生活质量,在湖北钟祥地区随机抽取４个乡镇高龄老人１３６名,按研究目的设计社会心理调查问卷表,逐个进行调查访问。结果：摸清了钟祥地区人口老龄化的基本情况,农村高龄老人的社会心理特征。结论：高龄老人的社会心理状态是反映其生活质量的重要标志,受到诸多因素联合作用的影响。     

围产期心理量表的信度、效度评定及围产期心理行为特征的研究

对围产期心理量表的信度和效度进行评定,采用重测信度和同质信度进行信度分析,采用结构效度对量表进行效度分析,经评定本量表有较好的信度和效度。孕期妇女的主要心理特点为依赖心理或幸福感及常见的妊娠反应与饮食习惯改变而带来的忧虑心理;分娩期不良心理特征,主要为紧张不安和烦躁焦虑心理,疼痛难忍等主观感受,及不吃少喝体力消耗严重行为特点;产褥期不良心理主要为产后忧郁心理,感到难以承担母亲责任的消极悲观状态。