Barriers to Dissemination: Exploring the Criticisms of Behavior Therapy for Tics

The review by Cook and Blacher (2007 ) suggests that behavior therapy for tic disorders is indeed efficacious. Given the empirical support for these treatments, researchers should begin to place effort on examining various strategies for treatment dissemination. The current article addresses possible barriers to dissemination, focusing specifically on various concerns that have been raised by many medical and psychological care providers. The validity of these concerns is examined in the context of existing data. In addition, limitations of the current literature and future directions for research are discussed.     

"重返社区技能训练"对精神分裂症康复的作用

目的 :探讨重返社区技能训练对缓解社区精神分裂症患者的精神症状和改善其社会功能方面的作用。方法 :将 5 0例非急性期的社区精神分裂症患者随机分为技能训练组 (以下简称训练组 ;2 5例 )和对照组 (2 5例 ,其中脱落 2例 )。对技能训练组进行技能训练共 4周 ,然后随访 12周。采用阳性症状与阴性症状量表 (PANSS)、MorningSide康复状态量表 (MRSS)对患者进行评估。结果 :训练组患者的PANSS评分(3 9 96± 7 44 )、阴性量表总分 (11 92± 5 13 )、一般精神病理量表总分 (2 0 60± 2 95 )优于对照组 (分别为45 77± 8 95、 15 13± 4 79、 2 3 5 0± 5 3 7,P <0 0 5 ) ;训练组患者的MRSS总分 (3 1 60± 17 3 7)、依赖量表总分 (7 2 8± 5 41)、活动能力缺乏量表总分 (9 0 8± 5 5 2 )均优于对照组 (分别为 44 68± 13 61、 11 77± 5 17、15 0 0± 4 48) ;训练组的复发率 (4 % )低于对照组 (17% ) ,但差异无显著性。结论 :在药物治疗的基础上 ,重返社区技能训练能改善精神分裂症患者的症状及其社会功能     

Neuroticism,symptom reports,and Type A behavior: Interpretive cautions for the Framingham scale

The Framingham Type A Scale (FTAS) is one of three primary measures of Type A behavior. Unlike the structured interview (SI) and Jenkins Activity Survey (JAS), the FTAS is correlated with neuroticism. Further, neuroticism and FTAS scores predict angina-like chest pain complaints but not more definitive coronary heart disease (CHD) end points. Thus, the FTAS may be unique among Type A measures in its susceptibility to the neuroticism-symptom reporting confound. The present study examined associations of the SI, JAS, and FTAS with neuroticism and symptom reporting in two independent samples of undergraduate males. Unlike the SI and JAS, the FTAS was correlated with neuroticism and symptom reporting. Further, the correlations of FTAS scores and symptoms were due to shared variance with neuroticism. The findings are discussed in terms of a possible alternative interpretation of the Framingham Study and the need to consider neuroticism in studies of personality and health.     

小学生中抑郁症状现况调查

目的：初步了解儿童中抑郁障碍的患病现况，探讨儿童抑郁的常见表现。方法：使用儿童抑郁自评量表(DSRSC)调查长沙市某小学二年级到六年级的565名小学生，并对量表总分≥划界分的学生进行面谈。结果：在565名小学生(男生290名，女生275名)中，量表总分≥划界分的有97名，占总人数的17．17％。使用CCMD-3成人抑郁发作的诊断标准对量表总分≥划界分的93名进行了面谈(面谈率为95．90h，)，发现符合抑郁发作的症状学标准的有38名(其中男生28名，女生10名)，占面谈者的40．9％，无一名达到病程标准和严重程度标准。结论：在儿童中抑郁症状存在较普遍，但真正构成抑郁症临床诊断的极少。     

舒必利与氯丙嗪合用治疗慢性精神分裂症阴性症状的对照研究

目的 探讨舒必利与氯丙嗪及舒必利,氯丙嗪治疗慢性精神分裂症阴性症状的疗效。方法 将60例以阴性症状为主要表现的慢性精神分裂症病人随机分为舒必利合并氯丙嗪组(研究组)及舒必利组,氯丙嗪3个组。用临床疗效评定标准和BPRS量表评定疗效。结果 研究组的显效率(显进 痊愈)明显比氯丙嗪组及舒必利组高,x~2检验P<0.05提示舒必利合并氯丙嗪治疗比单一用药疗效显著。舒必利组氯丙嗪组显效率比较无显著性差异(P<0.05)。结论 舒必利合并氯丙嗪治疗慢性精神分裂症阴性症状的疗效比单一用药更好,副作用更少。     

齐拉西酮与阿立哌唑治疗以阴性症状为主的精神分裂症对照研究

目的比较齐拉西酮与阿立哌唑治疗以阴性症状为主的精神分裂症的疗效和安全性。方法将66例以阴性症状为主的精神分裂症患者随机分为研究组（齐拉西酮治疗）和对照组（阿立哌唑治疗）,采用阳性和阴性症状量表（PANSS）、阴性症状评定量表（SANS）评定疗效,副反应量表（TESS）评定不良反应。结果治疗8周后,齐拉西酮组痊愈率33.3%,显效率81.8%。阿立哌唑组痊愈率27.3%,显效率78.8%。齐拉西酮组总不良反应发生率为42.4%,阿立哌唑组总不良反应发生率为57.6%。结果显示两组在疗效和不良反应发生率方面差异均无显著性（P〉0.05%）。结论齐拉西酮与阿立哌唑治疗以阴性症状为主的精神分裂症疗效相当,不良反应轻微,两种药物均有疗效好、安全性高的特点。     

帕罗西汀合并认知疗法治疗酒依赖伴发抑郁及对戒酒的影响

目的评价帕罗西汀合并认知疗法治疗酒依赖伴发抑郁的疗效及对戒酒的影响。方法将98例酒依赖伴发抑郁的患者随机分为研究组和对照组,分别用认知疗法合并帕罗西汀、单用帕罗西汀治疗4个月。用汉密顿抑郁量表(HAMD)评定疗效;用复饮率评定戒酒效果。结果治疗1个月后,研究组HAMD评分16.79±6.50与对照组相近17.88±6.59(P>0.05)。治疗4个月后HAMD评分10.76±5.32、明显低于对照组14.54±5.12(P<0.01);临床疗效(痊愈率44.44%、显效率22.22%、有效率33.34%)明显高于对照组(21.74%、21.74%、56.52%)(P<0.05);复饮率(24.44%)低于对照对照组(45.56%)(P<0.05)。结论认知疗法合并帕罗西汀治疗酒依赖伴发抑郁疗效较好,戒酒效果较好。     

综合性医院冠心病病人抑郁/焦虑现况研究

目的：了解综合性医院冠心病患者抑郁和／或焦虑症状患病率及既往诊治情况。方法：采用现况研究方法，于2004年6月1日到12月1日在北京、上海、广州和成都的7家综合性医院的心内科连续收集确诊的冠心病患者359例。由经培训的调查员用统一的调查表进行面对面调查，同时使用综合医院焦虑抑郁量表（HAD）、Hamilton焦虑量表和Hamilton抑郁量表进行心理测评。结果：冠心病患者的抑郁症状、焦虑症状、抑郁合并焦虑症状以及合计的抑郁和／或焦虑症状患病率分别为19．8％，16．7％，13．6％和22．8％；在具有抑郁和／或焦虑症状的非首诊患者中，冠心病患者既往被诊断为抑郁和／或焦虑障碍和接受抗抑郁和／或焦虑治疗的比例均低于4％：住院患者在本次住院期间的抑郁焦虑诊治率低于1％。结论：综合医院冠心病病人具有较高的抑郁和／或焦虑症状和抑郁和／或焦虑障碍患病率．且既往诊治率较低。     

中学生抑郁症状的影响因素分析

目的 探讨中学生出现抑郁症状的影响因素,建立风险预测的列线图模型,为防控中学生抑郁提供理论依据。方法 采用分层整群抽样的方法,抽取大连市城市和农村中学生共3 470名,使用学生健康行为调查表及抑郁量表进行问卷调查;采用多因素logistic回归分析抑郁症状的影响因素,并建立列线图,预测中学生出现抑郁症状的风险。 结果 中学生的抑郁症状检出率为24.12%,肯定有抑郁症状的检出率为16.22%。遭受校园欺凌（OR = 2.748,95%CI:2.257～3.346）、被家长打骂（OR = 2.025,95%CI:1.679～2.433）、学段（职高:OR = 1.883,95%CI:1.286～2.758;高中:OR = 1.242,95%CI:1.001～1.541）、上网时间越长（≥3 h:OR = 1.773,95%CI:1.366～2.302;2～＜3 h:OR = 1.525,95%CI:1.190～1.954）、女生（OR = 1.352,95%CI:1.141～1.603）、农村地区（OR = 1.351,95%CI:1.126～1.622）均是中学生抑郁症状检出的危险因素;体育课时数多（2 节:OR = 0.685,95%CI:0.504～0.931;≥3 节:OR = 0.583,95%CI:0.425～0.799）、睡眠时间充足（OR = 0.676,95%CI:0.562～0.812）都是中学生抑郁症状检出的保护因素;基于以上影响因素建立的列线图模型具有较好的区分度（一致性指数C - index = 0.700,95%CI:0.680～0.721）和准确度（Hosmer - Lemeshow检验χ2 = 2.885,P = 0.941）。 结论 遭受校园欺凌、被家长打骂、职高或高中、上网时间越长、女生、来自农村地区、体育课时数少、睡眠时间不足的中学生更容易出现抑郁症状,可以利用列线图直观、有效地预测中学生出现抑郁症状的风险,从而有针对性地对高危群体及时采取干预措施。     

The Protective Roles of Exercise and Maintenance of Daily Living Routines for Chinese Adolescents During the COVID-19 Quarantine Period

PurposeAdolescents are particularly vulnerable during the COVID-19 quarantine periods and may be at risk for developing psychological distress symptoms that extend beyond a crisis, including depression. This study examined adolescents’ postquarantine depressive symptoms associated with pandemic stressors. The primary aim was to identify potential protective factors that may buffer the association between the presence of COVID-19 cases in adolescents’ communities and their postquarantine depressive symptoms.MethodsAdolescents from public schools were recruited from Zhengzhou city, Henan, China (N = 1,487, M_age=13.14 years, 50% girls). Adolescents reported the presence of confirmed or suspected COVID-19 cases in their communities, their daily activities and routines during the 2-month quarantine period, and depressive symptoms after the quarantine period.ResultsThe presence of cases in adolescents’ communities during the quarantine contributed to more depressive symptoms in adolescents after the quarantine. This association was buffered by adolescents’ spending more time on physical activities and better maintenance of daily living routines during the quarantine period. The presence of community infection was also more strongly associated with depressive symptoms in older adolescents.ConclusionsThe presence of COVID-19 cases in communities contributed to adolescents’ poorer mental health, and the association was stronger for older adolescents. Spending time on physical activities and maintaining daily living routines during the quarantine appear to be practical strategies that can be used by adolescents to mitigate the association between pandemic stressors and their diminishing mental health.