The effect of challenge and threat states on performance: An examination of potential mechanisms

Challenge and threat states predict future performance; however, no research has examined their immediate effect on motor task performance. The present study examined the effect of challenge and threat states on golf putting performance and several possible mechanisms. One hundred twenty‐seven participants were assigned to a challenge or threat group and performed six putts during which emotions, gaze, putting kinematics, muscle activity, and performance were recorded. Challenge and threat states were successively manipulated via task instructions. The challenge group performed more accurately, reported more favorable emotions, and displayed more effective gaze, putting kinematics, and muscle activity than the threat group. Multiple putting kinematic variables mediated the relationship between group and performance, suggesting that challenge and threat states impact performance at a predominately kinematic level.     

新生儿缺氧缺血性脑病患儿家长对疾病认知及对护理知识需求的调查与分析

目的 了解新生儿缺氧缺血性脑病患儿家长对疾病认知及对护理知识需求状况.方法 以方便取样方法选取患儿家长68人,在患儿确诊1月内对家长进行问卷调查.结果 家长对患儿疾病的认知总体处于中等或偏上水平,认知水平与家长文化程度和子女数量有关.家长对护理知识有强烈的需求,职业因素对选择获取护理知识的途径有影响.结论 患儿家长对疾...     

Endogenous modification of macronutrient selection pattern in sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax, L.)

The use of a single diet with a well defined composition to feed fish throughout their life cycle is an oversimplification that probably does not respond to their metabolic requirements. For example, the seasonal reproduction that characterizes most fish species demands changes in nutritional requirements. Bearing this in mind, the macronutrient selection pattern was studied from January to August in twelve individually housed sea bass exposed to a constant photoperiod (12L:12D h) and temperature (23+/-0.5 degrees C). The endogenous "seasonal" effect on food and energy intake regulation and macronutrient selection was determined, using protein (P), carbohydrate (CH), and fat (F) packaged separately into gelatine capsules, a method that prevents the diet chemosensory properties at oropharyngeal level from interfering with macronutrient selection. Energy intake changed monthly, the highest values being recorded in May and June and the lowest values in March and April. The preliminary results illustrated "seasonal" changes in the sea bass macronutrient selection pattern with, which showed a predominantly proteinic selection during April (53% P, 21% CH, 25% F) and lipidic in July (35% P, 19% CH, 42% F); the increase in fat selection from May to July being statistically significant. This is the first evidence supporting the existence of an endogenous rhythm in the "seasonal" energy regulation and macronutrient selection in fish through post-ingestive mechanisms and probably involving chemosensory detection in the gut and/or post-absorptive mechanisms, although the exact mechanisms involved have yet to be clarified.     

上海市康复服务现状调查

目的 了解上海市康复服务的现状。方法 对以往相关文献及政策查阅梳理。通过康复服务调查表对全市康复医院及设有康复医学科的医院进行业务数据收集。并进行了现场个案调研和访谈。结果 目前本市康复资源呈现面广点散、力量薄弱的总体特征,康复服务整体发展缓慢,供给不足,康复医护人员紧缺,康复从业人员队伍不稳定。结论 应树立“大康复”理念,大力充实各类康复资源,加快推进专业化康复机构的发展,制定符合康复服务特点、有利于康复机构发展壮大的医保、物价等配套政策,提高康复从业人员的地位和职业吸引力。     

城乡居民对中医的认知和需求与中医发展策略

目的了解海南省城乡居民对中医的认知和需求状况,提出提高中医服务质量和促进中医发展的对策。方法采用阀卷调查的方法,随机选择6000名不同地区、不同年龄、不同文化层次海南省城乡居民进行调查,并对结果统计分析。结果城乡居民认可中医治疗者占94．45％以上;患病后首选中医者占70．93％;对中医药疗效满意者占82．59％,选用中医药等中医适宜疗法者占18．52％～58．89％。结论中医药和中医适宜疗法以其卓越的临床疗效,较少的副作用、价格低廉。深受城乡居民的欢迎。但海南省中医药的发展和中医适宜技术普及受到经费和观念的制约,因此,应采取综合性措施提高我省中医药服务质量,加快中医药的发展。     

宫颈癌手术患者不同时期心理状态的调查分析

目的调查宫颈癌手术患者不同时期的心理状态,提出相应的心理干预对策。方法对101例宫颈癌手术患者,在入院时、手术前1d、出院时、术后2月和术后6月分别采用焦虑自评量表、抑郁自评量表和自行设计的首要心理困扰及需求调查表进行心理状态评估。结果患者入院时焦虑和抑郁心理并存,手术前焦虑评分明显升高,出院时抑郁和焦虑心理均缓解,术后2月、6月焦虑评分轻微升高、抑郁评分升高明显。结论宫颈癌手术患者普遍存在抑郁及焦虑心理,在不同时期呈现不同特点,根据其特点进行有针对性的心理干预,是提高宫颈癌患者术后生活质量的一种有效手段。     

教学双方对毕业后医学教育阶段带教师资需求的比较研究

目的:在调查毕业后教育阶段专科医师对带教师资需求的基础上,调查带教师资自身对"带教师资"这一角色能力和素质的需求,并对教学双方的需求进行比较研究,以期发现教学双方对"带教师资"的角色认知上有无差异.方法:对四川省39家专科医师培训基地医院及拟申报基地医院的592名带教师资进行问卷调查,所得数据与244名专科医师培训学员的数据合并,运用SPSS11.5统计软件进行因子分析和方差分析.结果:总体上教学双方对带教师资的6大领城能力和素质的需求比较一致(P＞0.05);但对师资"团队合作、创新和自我提高以及带教形式和氛围"的2大领域的要求有差异(P＜0.05),师资的自我评枯要求高于学员期望值.结论:调查显示四川省毕业后教育阶段专科医师培训中的教学双方对"带教师资"的角色认知比较一致,带教师资的教学意识较强,能够满足甚至高于学员的需求.     

Automatic laboratory interventions to unmask and treat hypomagnesemia in the Emergency Department

IntroductionThe significance of hypomagnesemia and the need for treatment are under-recognized in clinical practice. Our objective was to design, establish, and test two interventions to screen for patients with hypomagnesemia and increase the rate of treatment of hypomagnesemia in the Emergency Department (ED).Material and MethodsA prospective two-year study was conducted. The Laboratory Information System was set to automatically order plasma magnesium in ED patients with plasma calcium < 7.5 mg/dL (1.9 mmol/L) and/or plasma potassium < 2.5 mEq/L (2.5 mmol/L). We counted the number of identified cases of hypomagnesemia, and calculated the total economic cost per identified patient. The study had three periods “Central lab” “Stat lab” and “Stat lab with comment” according to the availability to measure plasma magnesium levels in the stat laboratory and the inclusion of an automatic comment in the laboratory report in cases of hypomagnesemia. We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of patients with magnesium < 1.5 mg/dL (0.6 mmol/L), to investigate whether they have been appropriately treated.ResultsA total of 410 plasma magnesium were measured due to our intervention; 179 due to hypokalemia and 231 due to hypocalcemia. Two hundred thirty (56.1%) of 410 showed hypomagnesemia. Each detected case resulted in reagent cost of 0.7$, when prompted by hypocalcemia, and 0.6$ when prompted by hypokalemia. The rate of patients with hypomagnesemia that were appropriately treated increased from 15% to 75% along the study period.ConclusionsOur strategies successfully identified patients with hypomagnesemia in the ED at a very affordable cost, and increased the percentage of patients with hypomagnesemia that received treatment.     

Rapid behavioral assessment of barriers and opportunities to improve vaccination coverage among displaced Rohingyas in Bangladesh,January 2018

Background

In November 2017, the World Health Organization received initial reports of suspected diphtheria cases in camps established for displaced Rohingyas in Cox’s Bazar district, Bangladesh. By January 11, 2018, over 4,000 suspected cases of diphtheria and 30 deaths were reported. The Bangladesh government and partners implemented a diphtheria vaccination campaign in December 2017. Outbreak response staff reported anecdotal evidence of vaccine hesitancy. Our assessment aimed to understand vaccination barriers and opportunities to enhance vaccine demand among displaced Rohingyas in Bangladesh.