941方对衰老大鼠肝线粒体酶活性的影响

目的：通过检测衰老大鼠肝组织细胞线粒体呼吸链氧化功能。探讨大鼠衰老时肝组织细胞线粒体呼吸甸氧化功能的变化规律及941方延缓衰老的作用机制。方法：分别从4月龄（青年组）、24月龄（老龄组）和941方组大鼠的肝组织分离出线粒体,并用双缩脲法测定单位组织的线粒体蛋白,用Clark氧电极极谱法分别测定线粒体呼吸链3个氧化酶活性：NADH氧化酶（NADHOX）、琥珀酸氧化酶（SUCOX）和细胞色素氧化酶（CYTOX）。用差光谱法（联二亚硫酸钠还原减正铁氢化钾氧化的消化值）获得细胞色素a、b、c和c1含量（Cyta、Cytb、Cytc和Cytc1)。结果：与青年组大鼠比较,老年组大鼠的肝组织细胞线粒体含理有一定下和,百3个氧化酶活性却显增加,同时细胞色素含量尤其是Cytb和Cytc显升高,941方组大鼠肝组织细胞线粒体上述指标皆显高于青年组和老年组。结论：衰老大鼠肝组织线粒体酶活性与青年组有显不同,表明衰老过程中肝细胞通过某种反馈机制使残存完好的线粒体氧功能代偿性增强;９４１方使这种作用进一步增强。     

北京市通州区产妇泌乳启动延迟发生情况及相关影响因素研究

目的 探讨北京市通州地区产妇泌乳启动延迟发生情况及相关影响因素,为提高母乳喂养率提供科学依据。方法 以2019年3月至2021年2月在北京市通州区妇幼保健院分娩的产妇为研究对象,由经过统一培训并考核合格的护理人员随访其泌乳情况并通过问卷收集孕妇相关资料。采用描述性分析方法对产妇泌乳延迟发生情况进行分析,并采用单、多因素分析方法对泌乳延迟发生影响因素进行分析。结果 共纳入2 109名产妇进行研究,产妇年龄20~48岁,以35~48岁居多,占54.10%。泌乳启动正常者1 387人,占65.8%,泌乳启动中位时间为50.65(19.33,70.14)h。泌乳启动延迟者722例,占34.2%。二分类Logistic回归分析结果显示,年龄≥35岁(OR=1.278)、孕期增重过多(OR=1.992)、初产妇(OR=1.243)、妊娠期糖尿病(OR=1.459)、妊娠期高血压疾病(OR=3.314)、剖宫产(OR=1.584)是产妇泌乳启动延迟发生的危险因素。结论 北京市通州区产妇泌乳启动延迟发生率较高,高龄、孕期增重过多、初产妇、妊娠期糖尿病、妊娠期高血压疾病、剖宫产均是产妇泌乳启动延迟发生的危险因素,医护人员应当对于上述类型产妇予以重视,及时关注治疗,以期改善产妇泌乳启动延迟情况。     

Effects of benzodiazepine receptor ligands on the performance of an operant delayed matching to position task in rats: opposite effects of FG 7142 and lorazepam

The effects of a series of benzodiazepine (BZ) receptor ligands, ranging from a full agonist through to partial inverse agonists, were examined on short term working memory in the rat. The behavioural paradigm used was a discrete trial, operant delayed matching to position task, as originally described by Dunnett (1985), with delays of 0, 5, 15 and 30 s. The benzodiazepine receptor (BZR) full agonist lorazepam (0.25, 0.375 and 0.5 mg/kg) dose and delay dependently impaired matching accuracy. Lorazepam also increased the latency to respond and decreased the number of nose pokes made into the food tray during the delays. In contrast, the BZR partial agonist ZK 95 962 (1, 3, 10 mg/kg) did not affect matching accuracy, but did increase the speed of responding. The BZR antagonist ZK 93 426 (1.25, 5, 25 mg/kg) had no effects in this paradigm. The BZR weak partial inverse agonists Ro 15-4513 (0.1, 1 and 10 mg/kg) and ZK 90 886 (1, 3 and 10 mg/kg) did not affect accuracy of performance. However, both of these drugs increased the latency to respond and decreased nose poke responses. These motoric effects were particularly strong following 10 mg/kg Ro 15-4513. This shows that the effects of drugs on the accuracy of responding and on the speed of responding can be dissociated. The BZR partial inverse agonist FG 7142 had effects on matching accuracy that were dependent upon dose. The lowest dose of FG 7142 (1 mg/kg) significantly improved accuracy, whereas the highest dose (10 mg/kg) impaired accuracy. This impairment induced by FG 7142 (10 mg/kg) was accompanied by an increase in the latency to respond and a decrease in the number of nose pokes. Taken together, these results show that the accuracy of delayed matching performance can be modulated in opposite ways by the BZR full agonist lorazepam and a low dose of the BZR partial inverse agonist, FG 7142.     

尿路梗阻与扩张的IVP延迟摄影探讨

本文总结了100例尿路梗阻所致的病理性肾盂,肾盏扩张的病例均曾行常规IVP检查。本文目的是欲寻求不同程度肾盂积水病例的最佳摄影时间。结果所有程度较重的病例,在90分、120分、180分延时拍片中均显示了尿路扩张8例,发现尿路结石。该方法提高了造影的成功率,为临床提供了有用信息,满足了诊断的基本需要。     

颅脑外伤性迟发性出血的CT诊断

目的：用ＣＴ随访研究颅内迟发性血肿,方法：在２３２例颅脑外伤患者中行ＣＴ随访检查,结果：６１例发现有迟发性颅内出血,其中３８例为原血肿增大或出现新的血肿;８例为对冲伤血肿,１５例为脑挫伤与小量散在出血灶,结论：在外伤病例中,即使开初ＣＴ扫描为阴性者,如病人的临床表现有改变,如症状加重,意识丧失,抽搐等,应立即行ＣＴ复查,对ＣＴ随访的价值及迟发出血的机理也进行了讨论。     

Cerebral vasoconstriction in comatose patients resuscitated from a cardiac arrest?

Objective To determine the role of cerebral vasoconstriction in the delayed hypoperfusion phase in comatose patients after cardiac arrest.Design Prospective study.Setting Medical intensive care unit in a university hospital.Patients 10 comatose patients (Glasgow Coma Score 6) successfully resuscitated from a cardiac arrest occurring outside the hospital.Measurements We measured the pulsatility index (PI) and mean blood flow velocity (MFV) of the middle cerebral artery, the cerebral oxygen extraction ratio and jugular bulb levels of endothelin, nitrate, and cGMP during the first 24 h after cardiac arrest.Results The PI decreased significantly from 1.86±1.02 to 1.05±0.22 (p=0.03). The MFV increased significantly from 29±10 to 62±25 cm/s (p=0.003). Cerebral oxygen extraction ratio decreased also from 0.39±0.13 to 0.24±0.11 (p=0.015). Endothelin levels were high but did not change during the study period. Nitrate levels varied widely and showed a slight but significant decrease from 37.1 mol/l (median; 25th–75th percentiles: 26.8–61.6) to 31.3 mol/l (22.1–39.6) (p=0.04). Cyclic guanosine monophosphate levels increased significantly from 2.95 nmol/l (median; 25th–75th percentiles: 2.48–5.43) to 7.5 nmol/l (6.2–14.0) (p=0.02).Conclusions We found evidence of increased cerebrovascular resistance during the first 24 h after cardiac arrest with persistent high endothelin levels, gradually decreasing nitrate levels, and gradually increasing cGMP levels. This suggests that active cerebral vasoconstriction due to an imbalance between local vasodilators and vasoconstrictors plays a role in the delayed hypoperfusion phase.     

Delayed image of iodine-123 iomazenil as a relative map of benzodiazepine receptor binding: The optimal scan time

Delayed single-photon emission tomograpic (SPET) images after an intravenous bolus injection of iodine-123 iomazenil have been used as a relative map of benzodiazepine receptor binding. We determined the optimal scan time for obtaining such a map and assessed the errors of the map. SPET and blood data from six healthy volunteers and five patients were used. A three-compartment kinetic model was employed in simulation studies and analyses of actual data. The simulation studies suggested that, in the normal brain, the scan time at which a single SPET image best represented the relative receptor binding was 3.0–3.5 h post-injection. This finding was supported by actual data from the volunteers. The simulation studies also suggested that the optimal scan time was not greatly changed by the variability of the input functions, and that the error in the SPET image contrast in the vicinity of the optimal scan time was not increased by changes in the tracer kinetics in the entire brain. The SPET image contrast in the patients at 3.0 h post-injection agreed well with the reference receptor binding estimated by kinetic analysis, with a mean error of 3.6%. These findings support the use of a single SPET image after bolus injection of [¹²³I]iomazenil as a relative map of benzodiazepine receptor binding. For this purpose, a SPET scan time of 3.0-3.5 h post-injection is recommended.     

Unitary delayed rectifier channels of rat hippocampal neurons: properties of block by external tetraethylammonium ions

Patch-clamp recording was used to characterise a delayed rectifier potassium channel and the effects of external tetraethylammonium (TEA) in neurons isolated from the CA1 region of cultured neonatal rat hippocampus. A preliminary kinetic analysis is presented. Very low concentrations of TEA included in the patch pipette solution had two effects on unitary currents: first unitary currents were reduced in amplitude, with an associated increase in open channel noise, and second channel mean open time was reduced. The reduction in unitary amplitude was consistent with a single TEA molecule blocking the channel with a voltage-independent K _d of 53.4 M. The blocking and unblocking rate constants, estimated using two independent methods, were approximately 350 mM^–1 ms^–1 and 20 ms^–1, both rate constants being independent of voltage. Channels blocked in this way appeared able to close normally without first having to become unblocked. The reduction in mean channel open time was probably due to a second, kinetically slower blocking reaction with a much lower K _d, probably between 300 and 800 M. The voltage-independent blocking rate constant of the slower block was at least 25 times slower than that of the faster block.     

Memory and the septo-hippocampal cholinergic system in the rat

This study examined the effects of intrahippocampal injections of scopolamine (a muscarinic antagonist drug) on performance of a working-memory task (contingently) reinforced T-maze alternation) and a reference-memory task (visual discrimination) by the same rats in the same maze. Rats in the first shipment were trained in delayed alternation, received bilateral implantation of cannulae aimed at the CA3 field of the dorsal hippocampus, and were tested for retention with 1 l microinjections of scopolamine (35 g) and saline on alternate days. These rats were then trained on visual discrimination and tested alternately under scopolamine or saline as described above. It was found that scopolamine impaired performance of delayed alternation to a greater extent than performance of visual discrimination. Data from rats in the second shipment replicated this finding, with the order of the tasks reversed, and, additionally, showed that delayed alternation, but not visual discrimination, was impaired at a dose of 12 g/l. A dose of 4 g/l had no effect on either task. It is concluded that performance of a workingmemory task is significantly more sensitive to disruption of cholinergic mechanisms in the hippocampus than performance of a reference-memory task.Supported by PHS Training Grant MH-14577. Now at the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA     

Web creep: the role of infection and delayed healing

Summary Twenty-five digital webs from 21 patients, where web creep was noted after division of simple syndactyly were reviewed. In all cases web creep was related to delayed healing and the average time to its appearance was 8 months.