基于基因表达综合数据库筛选调控急性T淋巴细胞白血病超高剂量率放疗敏感性的枢纽基因

目的 通过生物信息学方法对基因表达综合(GEO)数据库中超高剂量率(FLASH)放疗的数据进行分析,寻找参与调控急性T淋巴细胞白血病FLASH放疗敏感性的枢纽(Hub)基因。方法 从GEO数据库中下载和提取接受FLASH放疗恶性肿瘤基因表达谱芯片数据,采用R软件进行差异基因的筛选,并对这些基因进行生物学功能、信号传导通路等分析。通过STRING在线软件分析差异基因的蛋白质相互作用(PPI) 网络,Cytoscape插件筛选Hub基因。最后,应用肿瘤基因组图谱(TCGA)和GTEx数据库验证Hub基因在急性T淋巴细胞白血病中的表达情况。结果 自GEO数据库中获得GSE100718芯片数据,共有12 800个基因与急性T淋巴细胞白血病放疗敏感性相关。选择表达量显著改变的61个基因进行进一步分析,这些基因参与代谢、应激反应、免疫应答等生物学过程。主要涉及氧化磷酸化、未折叠蛋白应答、脂质代谢等信号转导通路。通过PPI分析筛选出的Hub基因及后续验证表明HSPA5及SCD参与调控FLASH放疗敏感性,且在合并TRD/LMO2融合基因的急性T淋巴细胞白血病中显著高表达。结论 通过生物信息学分析可以有效筛选出调控FLASH放疗敏感性的Hub基因,基因表达谱可用于指导肿瘤患者分层以实现精准放疗。     

原发性人脑胶质瘤的预后影响因素:基于SEER数据库的分析

目的 探讨原发性人脑胶质瘤病人预后影响因素。方法 通过SEER*Stat（8.3.8版本）软件搜集SEER数据库2004~2015年原发性人脑胶质瘤病人的临床资料,采用R（4.0.2版本）软件进行单因素与多因素Cox回归分析,通过Kaplan-Meier生存曲线分析不同治疗方式和婚姻状态与病人预后的关系。结果 共纳入符合标准的原发性人脑胶质瘤18 523例。多因素Cox回归分析结果显示,年龄≥30岁、肿瘤直径≥2 cm、病理级别高、肿瘤位于额叶以外部位、离婚、丧偶为原发性胶质瘤预后不良的独立危险因素（P<0.05）,手术治疗、术后放疗、化疗是原发性胶质瘤预后的独立保护因素（P<0.05）。生存曲线分析结果显示,手术治疗（全切除或部分切除肿瘤）、术后放疗、化疗均明显延长原发性胶质瘤病人的生存期（P<0.05）,婚姻状态为结婚的病人预后明显好于丧偶的病人（P<0.05）。结论 对原发性人脑胶质瘤,尽可能手术全切除肿瘤,同时术后辅助放化疗,能够延长病人的生存时间。同时,临床应加强病人心理干预。     

Adverse events recorded in English primary care: observational study using the General Practice Research Database

Background

More accurate and recent estimates of adverse events in primary care are necessary to assign resources for improvement of patient safety, while predictors must be identified to ameliorate patient risk.

Aim

To determine the incidence of recorded iatrogenic harm in general practice and identify risk factors for these adverse events.

Design and setting

Cross-sectional sample of 74 763 patients at 457 English general practices between 1 January 1999 and 31 December 2008, obtained from the General Practice Research Database.

Method

Patient age at study entry, sex, ethnicity, deprivation, practice region, duration registered at practice, continuity of care, comorbidities, and health service use were extracted from the data. Adverse events were defined by Read Codes for complications of care (Chapters S, T, and U). Crude and adjusted analyses were performed by Poisson regression, using generalised estimating equations.

Results

The incidence was 6.0 adverse events per 1000 person-years (95% confidence interval [CI] = 5.74 to 6.27), equivalent to eight adverse events per 10 000 consultations (n = 2 540 877). After adjustment, patients aged 65–84 years (risk ratio [RR] = 5.62, 95% CI = 4.58 to 6.91; P<0.001), with the most consultations (RR = 2.14, 95% CI = 1.60 to 2.86; P<0.001), five or more emergency admissions (RR = 2.08, 95% CI = 1.66 to 2.60; P<0.001), or the most diseases according to expanded diagnosis clusters (RR = 8.46, 95% CI = 5.68 to 12.6; P<0.001) were at greater risk of adverse events. Patients registered at their practice for the longest periods of time were less at risk of an adverse event (RR = 0.40, 95% CI = 0.35 to 0.47; P<0.001).

Conclusion

The low incidence of recorded adverse events is comparable with other studies. Temporal sequencing of risk factors and case ascertainment would benefit from data triangulation. Future studies may explore whether first adverse events predict future incidents.     

基于PubMed数据库骶神经刺激疗法的临床研究特征分析

分析PubMed数据库中骶神经刺激疗法的临床研究文献,总结其研究现状和临床特点。     

医院结构化药学决策知识库建设实践与应用成效分析

目的介绍上海交通大学附属第六人民医院构建结构化药学决策知识库的方法及实践。方法首先进行药学信息结构化梳理,然后构建结构化药学决策知识库,并进行设置测试和运行,最后建立药学决策知识规则库的5步循环更新机制,用于实现用药决策支持功能。在此基础上,比较2016-2018年上半年不合理医嘱比例和构成。结果按用法用量、禁忌症、适应证、相互作用、配伍、特殊人群用药等特征,对药品应用信息进行结构化梳理,并进行设置测试和试运行,经过药事管理与药物治疗学委员会讨论备案后上线,笔者所在医院结构化药学决策知识库共计包含用药规则10 000余条,涉及药品1500余种。该系统自2017年初上线,将不合理医嘱比例从6.02%下降到2.07%,同时显著改变不合理医嘱构成,促进药学服务质量提升。结论笔者所在医院结构化药学决策知识库不仅能提高医疗服务效率和质量,而且能提升医院用药安全的管理水平。     

Fitting the Balding–Nichols model to forensic databases

Large forensic databases provide an opportunity to compare observed empirical rates of genotype matching with those expected under forensic genetic models. A number of researchers have taken advantage of this opportunity to validate some forensic genetic approaches, particularly to ensure that estimated rates of genotype matching between unrelated individuals are indeed slight overestimates of those observed. However, these studies have also revealed systematic error trends in genotype probability estimates. In this analysis, we investigate these error trends and show how they result from inappropriate implementation of the Balding–Nichols model in the context of database-wide matching. Specifically, we show that in addition to accounting for increased allelic matching between individuals with recent shared ancestry, studies must account for relatively decreased allelic matching between individuals with more ancient shared ancestry.     

呼和浩特地区 RhD 阴性献血者表型库的建立及应用

目的：了解该地区 RhD 阴性献血者表型分布,建立 RhD 阴性表型数据库。方法 RhD 初筛阴性的554份标本采用间接抗球蛋白试验确认。排除重复献血者后,剩余标本为366份,对其进行 Rh 血型表型分析。结果 RhD 阴性表型分布特征为ccdee（56．28％）＞ Ccdee （29．51％）＞ ccdEe （7．38％）＞ CcdEe （3．55％）＞ CCdee （3．01％）＞ ccdEE （0．27％）,未检出 CcdEE 、CCdEe 、CCdEE 型。结论建立 RhD 阴性表型数据库,有利于为 RhD 阴性及含有 Rh 同种抗体的患者提供相匹配血液,满足其急救用血,且对科学管理 RhD 阴性血源和合理运用 RhD 阴性血液有重要意义,为该地区尤其蒙古族 RhD 阴性血型积累了资料。