Prevalence of mental disorder and impact on quality of life in inflammatory bowel disease

IntroductionDifferent studies have described psychiatric comorbidities in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients, but most of them focus mainly on depression and anxiety. Even though major mental disorders are considered one of the main factors that decrease quality of life (QoL), its role in IBD patients remains unclear. We sought to identify the prevalence of different mental disorders as well as its relationship with QoL.Patients and methodsSubjects were recruited from the IBD Clinic. IBD Questionnaire 32 and structured clinical interview (SCID) for DMS-IV Text Revision were applied. Demographic and clinical data were collected via self-report questionnaires and medical records. The correlation between mental disorders and QoL (IBDQ-32 score) was evaluated using the Spearman correlation test.ResultsIn all, 104 patients were recruited, 12 with Crohn's disease, and 92 with ulcerative colitis. The prevalence of any major mental disorder was 56.7%: anxiety (44.2%), mood (27.9%), substance use (12.2%), and other psychiatric diagnoses (17.3%), and 29.8% of the patients presented three or more comorbid diagnoses. Mental Disorder (p = 0.005), mood disorder (p = 0.004), anxiety disorder (p = 0.009), were found to be significantly associated with lower QoL. Substance use disorder was associated with lower Digestive QoL (p = 0.01). Major depressive disorder (p = 0.004), social phobia (p = 0.03), PTSD (p = 0.02), and Generalized Anxiety Disorder (p < 0.001), were found to be significantly associated with lower QoL.ConclusionsIBD patients had important psychiatric comorbidity that significantly affects their QoL. These results warrant a systematic evaluation of psychiatric conditions in IBD patients.     

Using exposomics to assess cumulative risks and promote health

Under the exposome paradigm all nongenetic factors contributing to disease are considered to be ‘environmental’ including chemicals, drugs, infectious agents, and psychosocial stress. We can consider these collectively as environmental stressors. Exposomics is the comprehensive analysis of exposure to all environmental stressors and should yield a more thorough understanding of chronic disease development. We can operationalize exposomics by studying all the small molecules in the body and their influence on biological pathways that lead to impaired health. Here, we describe methods by which this may be achieved and discuss the application of exposomics to cumulative risk assessment in vulnerable populations. Since the goal of cumulative risk assessment is to analyze, characterize, and quantify the combined risks to health from exposures to multiple agents or stressors, it seems that exposomics is perfectly poised to advance this important area of environmental health science. We should therefore support development of tools for exposomic analysis and begin to engage impacted communities in participatory exposome research. A first step may be to apply exposomics to vulnerable populations already studied by more conventional cumulative risk approaches. We further propose that recent migrants, low socioeconomic groups with high environmental chemical exposures, and pregnant women should be high priority populations for study by exposomics. Moreover, exposomics allows us to study interactions between chronic stress and environmental chemicals that disrupt stress response pathways (i.e., ‘stressogens’). Exploring the impact of early life exposures and maternal stress may be an interesting and accessible topic for investigation by exposomics using biobanked samples. Environ. Mol. Mutagen. 56:715–723, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

Effects of the economic crisis and social support on health-related quality of life: first wave of a longitudinal study in Spain

Background

Economic recession affects quality of life by increasing rates of mental disorders in particular. Social support can be an important protective factor.

Aim

To estimate the impact of being personally affected by an economic crisis on health-related quality of life (HRQoL), taking into account the possible buffering effect of perceived social support.

Design and setting

Data from the first wave (March 2012 to November 2012) of the ‘Social Support and Quality of Life Study’, a longitudinal study carried out in a primary health care centre in a deprived neighbourhood of Barcelona, Spain.

Method

A total of 143 participants were assessed using the 12-item Short-Form Health Survey, the List of Threatening Experiences and the Duke Social Support scales. The effect of economic crisis on mental and physical HRQoL was assessed using ordinary least squares regression models to test the interaction between social support and having experienced an economic crisis.

Results

There was no statistical association between having suffered an economic crisis and physical HRQoL. The interaction between social support and economic crisis was also tested without finding any statistical association. An interaction was detected between social support and economic crisis in relation to mental HRQoL; those who had low levels of social support and had also experienced an economic crisis had the lowest levels of mental HRQoL.

Conclusion

Social support constitutes a safety net that offers protection against the adverse effect of economic recessions on mental health. Primary care professionals are in a key position to promote social activities and to strengthen social networks in the community.     

大学生生命意义与社会支持、心理控制源及主观幸福感

目的:考察大学生生命意义与社会支持、心理控制源和主观幸福感的关系。方法:采用随机抽样方法对湖南和广东的601名大学生进行问卷调查。结果:男生生命意义感显著高于女生(t=2.53,P0.05),不同专业大学生生命意义差别无统计学意义;生命意义与社会支持、心理控制源、主观幸福感呈显著相关(r=0.60~-0.55,P0.01);大学生感知的主观支持、心理控制源和生活满意度显著预测其生命意义的目标维度,主观支持和总体情感指数显著预测生命意义的实现维度。结论:大学生生命意义水平总体情况良好。社会支持、内在控制感及主观幸福感的提高,有助于改善学生的生命意义感。     

生活质量和社会功能量表评分在强迫症和伴强迫症状的精神分裂症患者临床鉴别诊断

目的：探讨生活质量和社会功能量表评分在强迫症和伴强迫症状的精神分裂症患者临床鉴别诊断中的意义。方法：选取2013年2月－2014年8月在我院就诊的强迫症（ n＝125）和伴强迫症状的精神分裂症患者（ n＝112）,同时从体检中心选取90名健康者作为对照,利用生活质量综合评定问卷－74评估3组研究对象生活质量,利用WHO残疾评定量表评价3组研究对象社会功能,利用临床疗效总评量表中的疾病严重程度分量表评估3组研究对象临床症状严重程度。结果：3组研究对象在躯体功能、社会功能、心理功能、物质生活和总分差异均具有统计学意义（F＝568．314,936．032,1819．747,204．339,811．339;P＜0．05）,经LSD－t两两比较,强迫症组和伴强迫症状的精神分裂症组患者躯体功能、社会功能、心理功能、物质生活和总分均低于健康对照组,差异均具有统计学意义（P＜0．05）,伴强迫症状的精神分裂症组患者社会功能评分（26．7±4．8）低于强迫症组（35．9±3．3）,差异具有统计学意义（P＜0．05）;3组研究对象社会功能和临床症状严重程度评分差异均具有统计学意义（F＝1434．813,363．305;P＜0．05）,经LSD－t两两比较,强迫症组和伴强迫症状的精神分裂症组患者社会功能和临床症状严重程度评分均高于健康对照组,伴强迫症状的精神分裂症组患者社会功能（114．5±10．6）和临床症状严重程度评分（4．47±1．14）均高于强迫症组,差异均具有统计学意义（P＜0．05）;经Pearson相关分析显示,所有患者临床症状严重程度评分与社会功能评分呈正相关（r＝0．317,P＜0．05）,伴强迫症状的精神分裂症组患者临床症状严重程度评分与社会功能评分呈正相关（r＝0．251,P＜0．05）。结论：强迫症和伴强迫症状的精神分裂症患者均表现出生活质量和社会功能受损,且伴强迫症状的精神分裂症组患者社会功能损害程度,以及临床症状严重程度均高于强迫症组。     

精神分裂症患者生活质量与自知力及精神症状的关系

目的:探讨精神分裂症患者自知力及精神症状对生活质量的影响。方法:选取符合美国精神疾病诊断与统计手册第4版(DSM-IV)中精神分裂症诊断标准的医院门诊和住院患者共180例。采用世界卫生组织生存质量测定量表简表(WHOQOL-BREF)、自知力评定量表(SAI)、阳性与阴性症状量表(PANSS)对患者进行评估。结果:生活质量的生理因子与依从性、疾病意识、精神症状标识及自知力总分显著负相关(r=-0.232,-0.243,-0.171,-0.274;P0.05);心理因子与疾病意识和自知力总分显著负相关(r=-0.219,-0.203;P0.01);生活质量总分与疾病意识和自知力总分负相关(r=-0.169,-0.175;P0.05),生活质量受自知力总分和阴性症状的影响(β=-0.312,P=0.000;β=-0.157,P=0.037),疾病意识对生活质量心理因子有预测作用(β=-0.291,P=0.003);生活质量总分受自知力总分的影响(β=-0.594,P=0.019)。结论:1自知力较好的患者生活质量较低;2心理因子受疾病意识的影响;3阴性症状对生活质量有影响。     

舞动团体提升大学生心理健康水平的干预效果

目的:本研究旨在考察舞动团体对大学生心理健康的影响作用。方法:将随机选取的46名大学本科生分为实验组(23人)和对照组(23人,有3人后测数据流失)。实验组被试接受连续10周,每周2小时的舞动团体辅导,对照组被试不接受任何处理。使用《一般生活满意度量表》、《抑郁量表》、《积极建构问卷》对两组被试进行前后测。结果:实验组和对照组被试在前测的各指标上差异不显著,在后测的各指标差异显著。组内差异检验结果显示,实验组被试的一般生活满意度后测显著高于前测(t=3.347,P0.005),抑郁水平后测显著低于前测(t=-4.217,P0.001),积极建构分数后测显著高于前测(t=4.954,P0.001);而对照组被试在各指标上的前后测差异不显著。结论:舞动团体能显著增强大学生对事物的积极建构,降低大学生的抑郁水平,提高大学生的总体生活满意度。     

Global burden attributable to high sodium intake from 1990 to 2019

Background and aimsHigh sodium intake is associated with a higher risk of a wide range of diseases. We aimed to estimate the pattern and trend of the global disease burden associated with high sodium intake from 1990 to 2019.Methods and resultsWe obtained numbers and rates of death and disability-adjusted life year (DALY) attributable to high sodium intake by sex, socio-demographic index, and country from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019. We calculated the estimated annual percentage change to evaluate the age-standardized rate (ASR) of the burden attributable to high sodium intake between 1990 and 2019. We further calculated the contribution of population growth, population aging, and age-specific rates of death and DALY to the net change in the total number of deaths and DALYs attributable to high sodium intake. From 1990 to 2019, global age-standardized rates of death and DALY attributable to high sodium intake substantially decreased for both sexes. However, there were significant increases in the total numbers of deaths and DALYs attributable to high sodium intake, which were driven by population growth and population aging. The attribution of population growth and population aging varied widely across countries, with a higher contribution of population growth in most developing countries and a higher contribution of population aging in countries with slow population growth.ConclusionsAlthough the global burden attributable to high sodium intake in terms of age-standardized rate declined from 1990 to 2019, the absolute burden increased significantly, which was driven by population growth and population aging.     

Health‐related quality of life and sleep among Chinese children after living donor liver transplantation

LDLT is a well‐established treatment for most terminal liver diseases in children. Survival rates have improved, yet few studies have considered HRQoL or sleep problems in LDLT recipients. In this cross‐sectional study, we enrolled 51 children who had undergone LDLT in Renji Hospital. PedsQL^? 4.0 Generic Core Scales, PedsQL^? 3.0 Transplant Module, and Pediatric Sleep Questionnaire were used to assess outcomes. Of all participants, 11.8% (6/51) reported low total HRQoL scores. Participants’ scores on most HRQoL subscales were comparable to the scores of healthy children. However, compared with solid organ transplant recipients, LDLT recipients scored significantly lower in About My Medicines II (t = 3.092, p = 0.002) and Worry (t = 2.760, p = 0.006). Sleep problems (41.2%) were common among participants. Hierarchical regression analyses showed that SRBD accounted for significant variance in HRQoL on total generic HRQoL (R² = 0.446, p < 0.001), psychosocial health (R² = 0.372, p = 0.001), physical health (R² = 0.345, p = 0.003), total transplant‐specific HRQoL (R² = 0.514, p < 0.001), About My Medicines I (R² = 0.365, p = 0.013), My Transplant and Others (R² = 0.334, p = 0.005), Pain and Hurt (R² = 0.544, p < 0.001), Worry (R² = 0.401, p = 0.001), Treatment Anxiety (R² = 0.526, p < 0.001), How I Look (R² = 0.221, p = 0.040), and Communication (R² = 0.343, p = 0.012). In conclusion, sleep problems are non‐negligible in children after LDLT and predicted significant variance on HRQoL.     

Reflux-related symptoms reflect poor asthma control and the presence of airway neuronal dysfunction

BackgroundGastroesophageal reflux may be associated with the worsening of asthma by increasing cough reflex sensitivity. Hull Airway Reflux Questionnaire (HARQ) consists of 14 prevalent reflux-related symptoms. It may be useful in predicting the presence of cough reflex hypersensitivity in asthma.MethodsFrom August 2018 to July 2020, 266 asthmatic patients completed the HARQ. They underwent blood analysis, spirometry, fraction of exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) measurement, and the capsaicin cough challenge test. Patients were considered to have reflux-related symptoms if their HARQ scores were 13 points or higher. We evaluated the association between reflux-related symptoms and clinical asthma outcomes. Finally, we performed a multivariate analysis to determine the clinical significance of the HARQ for asthma. This study was registered in the University Hospital Medical Information Network (UMIN000040732).ResultsThe mean HARQ scores were 13.1 (standard deviation 12.0). Patients in the high HARQ scores group (HARQ ≥13, n = 105) showed a lower prevalence of atopic predisposition, lower levels of FeNO, heightened capsaicin cough reflex sensitivity, poorer asthma control, and more frequent admissions due to asthma than those in the low HARQ groups (all p values < 0.05). The HARQ was useful in selecting patients with poor controlled asthma and those with severe cough when the cut-off value was set at 13. Multivariate analysis revealed that heightened capsaicin cough reflex sensitivity affected reflux-related symptoms, as well as lower levels of FeNO and younger age.ConclusionsHigher HARQ scores (≥13) may be useful in predicting not only poor asthma condition but also the presence of airway neuronal dysfunction in patients with asthma to some extent.