学生社团在构建高职院校和谐校园文化环境中的作用

高职院校的学生社团随着社会经济的发展和职业教育改革的深化不断壮大，逐步成为校园生活中不可或缺的主体。其发展过程反映了高职院校的校园文化环境的变迁，伴随着学生社团的不断成熟和完善，社团对职业教育改革、提升学生综合素质都产生着重大而深远的影响。重视和发展高职院校的学生社团，将其作为职业教育工作的重点，是构建和谐校园文化环境的有力措施。     

TNF-α在沙漠干热环境下猪腹部肠管火器伤后肝组织中的表达

目的探讨沙漠干热环境下猪腹部肠管火器伤后肝脏组织TNF-α的表达和肝功能的变化。方法沙漠干热环境组和常温环境组健康长白仔猪各42头随机等分为对照组和伤后1、2、4、8、12 h和24 h组,实验组建立腹部火器伤肠管穿透模型后,用免疫组化及图像分析法测定各组肝脏组织内TNF-α的表达,同时测定血清中AST水平。结果伤后各组肝组织TNF-α表达明显高于对照组,沙漠干热环境组于伤后2 h和8 h出现2个高峰;常温环境组于伤后2 h和12 h出现2个高峰。血清AST水平于伤后显著增高,并于伤后2 h出现第1个高峰,沙漠干热环境组和常温环境组分别于伤后8 h和12 h出现第2个高峰。结论沙漠干热环境下腹部肠管火器伤后肝脏TNF-α的表达增加并与AST的变化趋势一致,而且峰值较常温组提前出现,提示TNF-α在腹部肠管火器伤后肝损伤过程中可能起重要作用。     

急速进入高原人员红细胞免疫粘附功能的动态变化研究

本文观察了40名快速进入海拔3600米地区人员的RCR、RICR水平，及同海拔移居适应者36名和世居者30名的上述指标。结果表明：观察组进入高原第2天RCR急剧下降，RICR急剧升高，以后逐渐降低或升高，至第30天时与移、世居两组接近（P＞0．05）；高原反应越重RCR及RICR降低或升高越明显（P＜0．05或P＜0．01）。     

垃圾填埋场渗沥液处理工程环境监理要点

分析并总结了垃圾填埋场渗沥液处理工程环境监理要点,即制订切实的监理方案,对工程的关键部位、 关键工序做好巡视、旁站监理工作,在实施过程中做好水土保持、生态保护、移民迁移的监理工作等     

Autonomy in the Rehabilitation of Stroke Patients in Nursing Homes. A Concept Analysis

This article presents a concept analysis of autonomy in relation to the rehabilitation of stroke patients. Analysis of the results of a literature survey provided three important concepts of autonomy in the field of biomedical ethics: self-governance, self-realization and actual autonomy. These concepts are compared with concepts from caring sciences and summarized in a table. The results indicate the importance of the social environment (formal and informal caregivers) for the restoration of autonomy. Because of the patient's condition and context, a social concept of autonomy makes more sense in the rehabilitation of stroke patients in nursing homes than does an individual concept. The concept analysis sheds light on the fact that the majority of studies regarding patient autonomy are primarily based on theoretical reflections, not on empirical studies. More research is warranted to gather information on how patients themselves consider and appreciate autonomy during rehabilitation, to explore the views of stroke patients' formal and informal caregivers and to investigate whether a social concept of autonomy is suitable for all phases of rehabilitation. Concerning the practice of rehabilitation, no definite conclusion can be given as yet.     

山丘型血吸虫病流行区小环境改造的费用-效果分析

山丘型血吸虫病流行区因地制宜进行沟渠硬化、沼泽地改塘等小环境改造措施后，钉螺面积减少了６６．１６％，活螺密度、活螺框出现率分别下降了７６．５４％和７６．１３％，阳性螺密度下降了１００％；居民血吸虫病患病率略有下降，１４岁以下人群感染率为０，无急性感染发生。而实施药物灭螺的对照组９年来钉螺面积仅下降了２７．６２％，活螺密度及活螺框出现率分别上升了２６．３５％和１５１．０１％，是小环境改造点的９．８４倍和１１．１３倍，同时居民血吸虫病患病率较１９８７年上升了３７．４４％，１４岁以下人群感染率为１．２１％，并有零星急性感染病例发生。小环境改造一次性投资费用高于药物灭螺，但与农田水利相结合的小环境改造措施能够产生一定的间接经济效益，因此远期效果仍将优于药物灭螺。     

The effect of design of residential homes in creating dependency among confused elderly residents: A study of elderly demented residents and their ability to find their way around homes for the elderly

A study of 13 homes for elderly people examining the effect of the environment on demented residents looked into the complexity of the design from the residents' point of view. Two principal tools were used in this investigation: ‘route diagrams’, which describe a resident's use of the home, and a measure devised to indicate each resident's ability to find her way around the home. These are described and the relationship between them explored. From this the following tentative conclusions are drawn:

• (i) The variables that influence a resident's ability to find her way around differ between group and communally designed homes.
• (ii) It would appear that group homes provide a more favourable design, especially in the case of physically frail demented elderly people.
• (iii) In group homes, the level of lighting is an important aid to a demented person in finding her way around.
• (iv) In communal homes, residents seem most able to find their way around homes that have been adapted from older premises.
• (v) In both types of home, ‘meaningful decision points’ can be seen as aids to a resident finding her way around.

     

家庭因素对医学新生适应能力的影响

目的 :探讨家庭因素对医学新生适应能力的影响。方法 :使用“一般情况问卷”、“大学生适应情况调查表”、“父母养育方式问卷”、“家庭环境量表中文版”对三所医学院校新生 5 5 6人进行调查。通过单因素分析和多元回归分析等方法 ,筛选影响新生适应能力的主要家庭因素。结果 :入学新生四个月后仍有9 7%不能适应大学学习 ,3 6 %不适应大学生活 ,11 9%不适应大学的人际关系。女生差于男生。父母情感温暖、亲密度、成功性、娱乐性与适应得分呈低度正相关 (r =0 16～ 0 2 4) ,而父母严厉惩罚、拒绝否认、过度保护、矛盾性、控制性呈低度负相关 (r =-0 15～ 0 2 4)。多元逐步回归显示 :矛盾性、娱乐性、组织性、控制性、父亲过度保护是影响医学新生适应能力的主要因素 (r =3 8～ 2 1)。结论 :家庭背景对新生的适应能力有显著影响     

262名初中生家庭环境与焦虑的相关研究

目的 探讨初中生家庭环境与焦虑的相关程度.方法 采用问卷法,随机抽取河北省定州市262名初中学生进行家庭环境和焦虑的问卷调查.结果 ①家庭环境中的亲密度、情感表达、知识性、娱乐性、道德观、组织性与状态焦虑显著负相关;矛盾性与状态焦虑显著正相关;②家庭环境中的亲密度、情感表达、知识性、娱乐性、道德现,组织性与特质焦虑显著负相关;矛盾性、成功性与特质焦虑显著正相关.结论 家庭环境在很大程度上影响初中生的焦虑水平.