The “Biplanar” forehead lift

A new technique of forehead rhytidectomy is presented that combines the best features of the coronal incision with those of the anterior hairline incision. The plane of dissection is formed by an anterior subcutaneous plane dissecting a lateral subgaleal plane. This approach is particularly valuable in patients with high foreheads, severe static wrinkling, and asymmetrical eyebrows.Presented in part at the Annual Meeting of the American Society of Aesthetic Plastic Surgeons, Boston, MA, 1984     

Molecular oncogene markers and their significance in cutaneous malignant melanoma

Background: Oncogenes and other molecular tumor markers that predict tumor aggressiveness may allow individualization and optimization of surgical therapy of intermediate-thickness malignant melanoma. We examined the expression of selected markers, including the HLA-DR antigen, the heat shock protein-70 (HSP-70), and the c-myc oncogene in primary melanoma and regional nodes and related these findings to metastatic potential and survival. Methods: Forty patients with primary melanoma (1.5–4.0 mm) were studied, all of whom had prophylactic lymph node dissection and were followed for 18 months to 7 years. The primary tissue and nodes were examined using immunohistochemical techniques for the presence of HLA-DR antigen and HSP-70 protein and the expression of the c-myc oncogene. Results: Of 40 patients, there were 23 with lesions 1 to 2.9 mm thick and 17 with lesions 3 to 4 mm thick. Nodal metastases were present in 25 of the 40 patients who had elective node dissection. HLA-DR antibody stained the primary tumor in 10 patients (25%), but there was no correlation with survival in this group. HLA-DR antibody stained the stroma and cellular infiltrates surrounding the primary tumor in 28 of 40 patients; in this group there was a correlation of HLA-DR staining of the peritumoral stroma with improved survival overall. HLA-DR staining of the peritumoral stroma also influenced survival when patients were stratified by tumor thickness groups 1 to 2.9 mm and 3 to 4 mm and presence of nodal metastases. HSP-70 was demonstrated in the primary tumor in 25% of patients, who were also shown to have significantly improved survival when compared with those whose primary tumor did not stain with HSP-70. C-myc was expressed in the primary tumor in 25%, but showed no correlation with survival. None of these proteins correlated with or predicted the presence of nodal metastases. Conclusion: We conclude that the use of specific molecular-oncogene markers in intermediate-thickness primary melanoma may identify patients at high risk for conventional treatment failure and reduced survival who may profit from more aggressive surgery, adjuvant therapy, or both.Presented at the 48th Annual Cancer Symposium of The Society of Surgical Oncology, Boston, Massachusetts, March 23–26, 1995.     

年轻人腹主动脉瘤九例临床分析

目的探讨年轻人腹主动脉瘤(AAA)的临床特征、治疗和预后。方法回顾性分析244例AAA中9例(37%)年龄小于35岁的年轻患者的诊治经过。结果本组男7例,女2例,年龄21～35岁,临床表现腹部或腰背部痛、腹部搏动性肿物。瘤体直径(65±09)cm。4例行择期手术均成功,3例急诊手术1例成功,2例入院后未能手术治疗者均死亡。结论年轻人的AAA有病程短、瘤体较大且较多累及腹主动脉近端,症状重的特点,应尽早手术治疗。     

覆膜支架治疗降胸主动脉瘤

目的评估覆膜支架治疗术治疗Stanford B型主动脉夹层和降主动脉瘤的安全性和近期疗效。方法2003年3月至2005年9月期间,共29例Stanford B型主动脉夹层和2例降胸主动脉瘤患者接受覆膜支架治疗术,所有患者均有高血压病史,其中急性发病27例.本组采用两种支架(Mdtronic Talent15例,上海微创Aegis 16例),术后采用CTA进行定期随访。结果所有支架均成功按预期定位释放,术后即刻DSA复查显示23例夹层患者近端破裂口完全封闭,2例降主动脉瘤也完全隔离,6例发现有内漏;术后7 d CTA复查发现16例假腔内完全血栓形成,12例近端假腔形成血栓,远端假腔仍开放。结论覆膜支架术治疗Stanford B型主动脉夹层和降主动脉瘤安全、有效,可替代外科手术。但覆膜支架术的确切长期疗效尚待进一步的大样本、前瞻性对照研究才能确定。     

覆膜支架治疗Ⅲ型主动脉夹层

目的探讨覆膜支架治疗Ⅲ型主动脉夹层的方法和疗效。方法对14例Ⅲ型主动脉患者行爱膜支架治疗。术前强化CT检查明确诊断。术中先行主动脉造影，明确内膜破口位置，分辨真假腔，然后根据病变血管近端正常血管直径加上其直径的15％～20％选择支架型号。沿腹股沟下方约2cm处横行切开，游离股动脉并切开，插入支架输送器，硝普钠降收缩压至70～90mmHg，于破口位置缓慢释放支架，封闭主动脉内膜破口，重新造影，观察支架位置，是否有内漏．．结果14例均成功植入支架，患者疼痛症状消失。升主动脉造影示真腔扩大，假腔消失12例，小内漏2例（经球囊扩张后仍有）。术后1周，1、6个月行强化CT检查示真腔扩大，假腔内血栓形成并缩小，远断血运改善，无截瘫、左上肢缺血及支架移位等并发症．结论覆膜支架治疗Ⅲ型主动夹脉层创伤小，操做简单，手术死亡率低，并发症少．恢复快，近期效果好．     

SUCCESSFUL ENDOSCOPIC CLOSURES OF COLONIC PERFORATIONS REQUIRING ABDOMINAL DECOMPRESSION AFTER ENDOSCOPIC MUCOSAL RESECTION AND ENDOSCOPIC SUBMUCOSAL DISSECTION FOR EARLY COLON CANCER

Endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) for colorectal cancer is not widely accepted because of its technical difficulty and the risk of perforation. In addition, the risk of peritonitis cannot be completely eliminated even if a perforation is closed successfully. Reported here are two cases of early colon cancer in which the patients sustained iatrogenic perforations of the ascending colon during conventional endoscopic mucosal resection and of the sigmoid colon during ESD, respectively, requiring abdominal decompression with an 18 G Medicut needle. Both of these perforations were successfully treated by endoscopic clipping. In conclusion, conservative medical management may be possible in patients who have undergone successful closure of colonic perforations using endoscopic clipping. In order to perform immediate endoscopic closure, abdominal decompression has been useful to decrease patient discomfort and colonic lumen collapse. Now, CO₂ insufflation is being used effectively for the prevention of pneumoperitoneum.     

TECHNIQUES AND PITFALLS OF ENDOSCOPIC SUBMUCOSAL DISSECTION FOR COLORECTAL TUMORS

Endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) for colorectal tumors is steadily being developed. Safety and standardization of ESD for colorectal tumors have not been yet established because of the technical difficulties and the unsuitable anatomical characteristics of the colon and rectum. The authors mainly use a Flex knife for mucosal incision and a Hook knife for submucosal dissection to perform ESD safely. Skillful colonoscopic control, selection of scope, distal attachment tip hood, adequate high‐frequency generator and correct approach strategy should all be considered for safe performance of ESD. However, the incidence of indicative lesions is rare because the majority of colorectal tumors are adenomatous large laterally spreading tumors, which can be cured by intentional endoscopic piecemeal resection. At present, ESD for colorectal tumors should be performed only at central facilities that have expert colonoscopists. With the development of new devices and associated techniques, technical standardization of ESD for colorectal tumors is expected in the near future.     

Results of the Ross operation in a pediatric population

Objective: To analyse the results of the mid-term clinical and echocardiographic follow-up of the pediatric Ross operation. Methods: Echo-Doppler follow-up of 53 consecutive pediatric Ross procedures performed between 1994 and 2003. Median age was 9.7 years at time of operation (2 weeks–17.7 years). Six patients were younger than 3 months. Median age at follow-up was 15.6 years. Aortic valve/left ventricular outflow tract (LVOT) anomalies were congenital in 49 (92%). Seventy percent had previous surgery or balloon valvuloplasty. Root replacement was used in all. Thirteen patients (25%) had LVOT enlargement. Mean cross-clamp time was 113 (69–189) minutes. Results: Early mortality occurred in 3 patients after emergency surgery following balloon failure (n=1) and extended Ross following interrupted arch/VSD repair (n=2). Late mortality was due to LV fibroelastosis in 2 patients and complicated pulmonary artery stenting in another. RVOT reoperations were required because of late homograft obstruction in 2 patients and because of pulmonary artery stenosis in another. Five patients (9.4%) were reoperated for pulmonary autograft dilatation (n=3) and for leaflet fibrosis or perforation (n=2). Autografts were repaired in two patients, while a mechanical valve was inserted in 3 cases. At 9 years the actuarial survival and event free survival were 89 and 74%, respectively. At last follow-up 90% of autograft diameters indexed to body surface area was above the 90th percentile of normal aortic root diameters. LVOT and RVOT gradients were low and autograft insufficiency was trivial to mild in 84% and mild to moderate in 16%. Autograft stenosis was not noticed. Conclusions: The pediatric Ross procedure remains an important tool but autograft dilatation also occurs in the pediatric population. The significance of this finding has yet to be determined.     

Ⅳ期胃癌的外科治疗评价

目的 评价外科治疗对Ⅳ期胃癌的临床意义。方法 回顾性分析1993年4月至2004年12月外科治疗Ⅳ期胃癌患者200例，手术后随访时间为4-116个月，随访率为93．5％，用Kaplan-Meier进行生存曲线分析，LogRank进行生存曲线显著性检验。结果 本组手术切除率为80％，根治性切除105例，姑息性切除55例。淋巴结清扫范围D12例，D278例，D3及D3^＋26例。Ⅳ期胃癌患者的中位生存时间为（21．5±2．3）个月。根治性切除与姑息性切除者较仅行手术探查者的生存率明显提高。扩大淋巴结清扫范围可以提高术后生存率。局部因素P1H0T1-3N0-2,P0H1N0-2T1-3、T4N2-3、T1-3N3患者的生存时间明显长于全身因素P2-3、H2-3、P1-3，H1-3、TnNnM1的胃癌患者。对于P1H0T1-3N0-2、P0H1N0-2T1-3和T4N2-3,T1-3N3病例的根治性切除和联合脏器切除和D3淋巴结清扫，术后患者的生存时间明显长于行姑息性切除及手术探查、单纯切除以及D2淋巴结清扫的患者。结论对可以达到根治性切除的Ⅳ期胃癌进行根治性切除、D2以上淋巴结清扫和联合脏器切除可提高患者术后的生存率。