硬膜外自控镇痛对血清锌、铁、镁、铜水平的影响

目的　观察上腹部手术患者术后硬膜外自控镇痛 (PCEA)对血清锌、铁、镁、铜水平的影响。方法　选择ASAⅠ～Ⅱ级择期胆囊切除手术患者 38例 ,随机分为PCEA组和对照组 ,每组各 19例。以原子吸收分光光度法检测患者术前、术后 1d、2d、3d、5d血清锌、铁、镁、铜的含量。结果　PCEA组术后各时点血清锌、铁、镁、铜的含量与术前相比变化不明显 (P >0 0 5 ) ,而对照组术后 1、2、3d锌水平较手术前明显下降(P <0 0 1) ,术后 1、2d铁、镁水平明显下降 ,两组间差异显著 (P <0 0 5 )。两组血清铜水平在各时点及组间均未见有统计学意义的变化。结论　术后PCEA可减轻应激反应 ,稳定微量元素水平 ,有利于患者的康复。     

东莨菪碱预防吗啡、布比卡因持续硬膜外镇痛副作用的临床观察

目的:评价东莨菪碱预防上腹部手术后吗啡、布比卡因持续硬膜外镇痛副作用的优越性.方法:前瞻性设计,对上腹部手术ASA评分为Ⅰ～Ⅱ级者分二组,Ⅰ组(吗啡6 mg 布比卡因0.125 g 东莨菪碱2.4 mg),Ⅱ组(吗啡6 mg 布比卡因0.125 g),均在术后持续硬膜外镇痛泵给药.对吗啡、布比卡因镇痛效果及副作用发生率进行统计分析.结果:Ⅰ组VAS值为0.68,满意率为95.78%;Ⅱ组VAS值为1.62,满意率为86.27%,有显著性差异(P＜0.01).恶心呕吐、多汗、尿潴留发生率Ⅰ组明显低于Ⅱ组,有显著性差异(P＜0.05).嗜睡发生率两组相比无显著差别,且两组均未观察到呼吸抑制.结论:东莨菪碱不仅能增强镇痛效果、提高镇痛的满意率,而且能预防镇痛剂的副作用,为临床镇痛治疗提供新方法.     

习见蓼提取物利尿止血及镇痛作用与急性毒性研究

目的:观察黔产习见蓼水提物(AE-P)的利尿、止血、镇痛药理作用及急性毒性。方法:测定NS负荷大鼠的排尿量及尿中Na+,K+,Cl-的含量;小鼠断尾出血时间(BT)及血浆复钙时间(RT);ip醋酸致小鼠扭体反应及热板致痛的潜伏期;LD50等指标。结果:AE-P能明显增加大鼠尿量和尿中Na+,K+,Cl-含量,且ig2次/d,连续给药7d,利尿作用无耐受性产生;AE-P能明显缩短小鼠BT和RT;能明显抑制小鼠扭体反应及延长热致痛潜伏期。AE-P以5g/kg(相当于干燥原生药80.64g/kg)给小鼠24hig3次,观察10d,小鼠全部存活;ip给药,其小鼠LD50为(3.13±0.39)g/kg(相当于干燥原生药50.48g/kg)。结论:AE-P具有利尿、止血及镇痛药理作用,其利尿作用不易产生耐受性,而止血作用与影响内凝系统有关,且毒性较低。     

痛风丸治疗痛风的实验研究

目的：观察痛风丸对痛风性关节炎、高尿酸血症的影响及镇痛作用。方法：用尿酸钠致大鼠踝关节肿胀、酵母膏致小鼠高尿酸血症及小鼠冰醋酸所致的扭体反应，观察其抗痛风的作用。结果：痛风丸可明显减轻痛风模型大鼠的关节肿胀程度、降低高尿酸血症模型小鼠的血尿酸、减少扭体次数。结论：痛风丸对痛风的急性发作有一定的治疗作用。     

氯诺昔康静脉自控镇痛与吗啡硬膜外自控镇痛的临床比较

目的 比较骨科手术后患者氯诺昔康静脉自控镇痛（PICA）与吗啡硬膜外自控镇痛（PCEA）的临床效果和不良反应。方法 100例ASAⅠ～Ⅱ骨科择期手术患者随机分为两组：PICA（n=50）和PCEA组（n=50）。PICA组于手术结束前约30min静注氯诺昔康8mg和恩丹西琼（恩丹西酮）4mg后连接镇痛泵（48mg氯诺昔康＋生理盐水至100m1）；PCEA组于手术结束前约30min硬膜外腔注入吗啡1mg和恩丹西酮4mg加生理盐水至10ml后连接镇痛泵（9mg吗啡＋布比卡因150mg＋生理盐水至100m1）。连续量为2ml／h，自控量为0．5ml／15min。术后连续监测BP、RR、ECG、Sp02，定时观察记录视觉模拟评分法（VAS）及恶心呕吐、嗜睡、多汗、皮肤瘙痒等不良反应的发生情况。结果 两组术后4h、8h、16h、20h、24h、32h和48h各时间点的VAS评分吗啡PCEA组略低于氯诺昔康PICA组，但差异无显著意义（P〉0．05）。恶心、呕吐、嗜睡、多汗、皮肤瘙痒发生率PCEA组明显多于PICA组（P〈0．05）。结论 骨科手术后氯诺昔康PICA与吗啡PCEA均有良好的镇痛效果，但氯诺昔康PICA组不良反应较少，值得临床推广应用。     

A comparison of morphine analgesic tolerance in male and female mice

Studies comparing morphine tolerance in males and females are rare, and all studies to date have utilized the rat. To generalize from findings with rats morphine tolerance was investigated in male and female mice using the tail-withdrawal test. Three and 7 days of systemic morphine injections produced significant but unequal rightward shifts in the morphine dose-response curve such that females displayed greater increases in analgesic ED(50) values when compared to males. In a separate experiment, males and females displayed similar reductions in morphine analgesic sensitivity when %MPE (maximum possible effect) and %total (area under the curve) were compared after 3 days of morphine. Differences in initial morphine sensitivity between sexes were not observed in either study. The data demonstrate that, in contrast to rats, female mice undergo greater reductions in morphine analgesia relative to males following chronic morphine, but this sex difference may depend on the method of assessing analgesia. Furthermore, the duration and/or cumulative dose of morphine treatment does not affect the expression of sex differences in morphine tolerance.     

Continuous epidural analgesia with bupivacaine-fentanyl versus patient-controlled analgesia with i.v. morphine for postoperative pain relief after knee ligament surgery

BACKGROUND: Both epidural analgesia and intravenous patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) have been found efficacious after various types of surgery. We compared the efficacy, safety, side effects and patient satisfaction of these methods in a randomized double-blind fashion after elective anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction of the knee. METHODS: Fifty-six patients had an epidural catheter placed at the L2-L3 interspace. Spinal anaesthesia with 15 mg of plain bupivacaine 5 mg/ml was performed at the L3-L4 interspace. After surgery the patients were randomly divided into three groups: 19 received a continuous epidural infusion with bupivacaine 1 mg/ml and fentanyl 10 mg/ml (F10), 19 patients received bupivacaine 1 mg/ml and fentanyl 5 microg/ml (F5) and 18 patients received saline (S). The rate of the epidural infusions was 0.1 ml kg(-1) h(-1). Each patient could also use an intravenous (i.v.) PCA device with 40 microg/kg bolus doses of morphine with a lockout period of 10 min and a maximum dose 240 microg kg(-1) h(-1). At the end of surgery ketoprofen 100 mg i.v. was given and continued orally three times a day. Patients were assessed for pain with a visual analogue scale (VAS) at rest and during activity, side effects and satisfaction at 3, 9 and 20 h. RESULTS: Both epidural infusions (F10, F5) provided better analgesia than epidural saline plus i.v. PCA (S) (P<0.05). There was slightly less nausea in the S group (NS). In spite of the difference in the quality of pain relief, there was no difference between the groups in patient satisfaction regarding analgesic therapy. CONCLUSION: Epidural infusion of fentanyl (1 microg kg(-1) h(-1) or 0.5 microg kg(-1) h(-1)) and bupivacaine (0.1 mg kg(-1) h(-1)) provided better pain relief but more side effects than intravenous morphine patient-controlled analgesia after knee ligament surgery. Almost all patients in all groups were satisfied with their pain relief.     

Patient-controlled intranasal diamorphine for postoperative pain: an acceptability study

A patient acceptability study was conducted using patient-controlled intranasal diamorphine. Patients undergoing nonemergency orthopaedic or gynaecological surgery self-administered intranasal diamorphine for 24 h postoperatively. Pain, pain relief, sedation, respiratory rate, nausea and vomiting were assessed regularly. After 24 h, patients and their attending nurses completed a questionnaire assessing satisfaction and practical aspects of the technique. Satisfaction was reported as good or complete by 69% of patients and 69% of nurses. Pain relief was assessed as better than expected by 45% of patients and better than normal by 50% of nurses. Seventy-nine per cent of patients would be pleased to use patient-controlled intranasal diamorphine again and 89% of nurses would be happy for their patients to use it again. Sedation was uncommon and mild and there were no episodes of significant respiratory depression. Fifty-three per cent of patients reported no nausea and 74% did not vomit at any stage. There were seven withdrawals, four due to problems with the device and three due to therapeutic problems. The nasal spray may need modification to improve reliability. However, we found patient-controlled intranasal analgesia an effective technique, which was well tolerated by patients and nurses and was without unpleasant side-effects. Further work to determine how it performs compared with intramuscular or intravenous analgesia is now needed.     

乳铁蛋白在大鼠坐骨神经慢性束缚损伤模型产生镇痛作用

目的:研究乳铁蛋白在大鼠坐骨神经慢性束缚损伤模型的镇痛作用。方法:30只成年SD大鼠被制作为坐骨神经慢性束缚损伤模型,用辐射热刺激法诱发鼠后腿回缩试验测定痛阈,实验动物分为5组,分别腹腔注射生理盐水及乳铁蛋白30mg/kg、100mg/kg、300mg/kg、1000mg/kg。药物效应以最大可能效应百分数(MPE%)表示。以t检验法分析乳铁蛋白各剂量组与对照组之间的差异。结果:腹腔注射乳铁蛋白剂量依赖性地延长大鼠后腿回缩潜伏期;乳铁蛋白的峰值作用时间在用药后60分钟;乳铁蛋白各剂量组的最大可能效应百分数与生理盐水组相比差异有显著性。结论:腹腔注射乳铁蛋白在大鼠坐骨神经慢性束缚损伤模型产生剂量依赖性镇痛作用。     

针灸镇痛在德国的临床疗效观察

目的观察在德国针刺治疗多种疼痛的临床疗效.方法873例患者均采用针刺疗法,辨证取穴,手法为平补平泻法,每周2次,10次为1疗程.结果多种疼痛经针刺治疗后症状明显改善,差异具有极显著性意义(P<0.01).结论针刺疗法是治疗多种疼痛的有效治疗方法.