Successful treatment of chronic idiopathic urticaria and angioedema with cimetidine alone

We have studied a 50-year-old white man with chronic urticaria and angioedema who has responded to treatment with cimetidine alone for over 2 yr. In a double-blind, placebo-controlled study, cimetidine alone was at least as effective as chlorpheniramine in relief of urticaria and angioedema. Additionally, cimetidine significantly inhibited (p less than 0.01) the wheal response to histamine when it was compared to placebo. The inhibition of wheal response to histamine by cimetidine was significantly higher (p less than 0.05) than chlorpheniramine. The presence of predominantly H2- rather than H1-histamine receptors in the cutaneous blood vessels may be responsible for the therapeutic effects of cimetidine in this patient.     

眼神经与上颌神经夹角的探讨

目的　比较胎儿和成人的眼神经与上颌神经的夹角 ,为婴幼儿上睑手术局部麻醉的进针提供解剖学依据。方法通过对 1 5例胎儿和 1 5例成人颅骨的眶上孔 (切迹 )、三叉神经压迹、眶下孔之间的连线的长度的测量 ,根据公式计算出眼神经与上颌神经的夹角。结果胎儿左右侧、成人左右侧的夹角分别为 33 .2± 4 .0°、34 .1± 3 .0°、32 .9± 2 .6°、32 .6± 1 .7°。结论成人左右侧无显著差异 ,胎儿左右侧无显著差异 ,成人与胎儿比较左右侧无显著差异 ,因此 ,婴幼儿眶上切迹麻醉可参照成人的操作     

Identification of a voltage- and calcium-dependent non-selective cation channel in cultured adult and fetal human nasal epithelial cells

The apical membranes of cultured human nasal epithelial cells from adults and fetuses were investigated with the patch-clamp technique. Amiloride-insensitive, calcium- and voltage-dependent, non-selective cation channels were found in 4% of the cell-attached, and 18% of the inside-out and outside-out patches (n=412). Multiple functional channels were present in more than 90% of these patches, with a mean of 3.9 channels per patch (n=55). The current-voltage relationship can be described by the Goldman equations and the single channel conductance was 20.1±0.3 pS (n=29) in adult and 20.7±0.4 pS (n=44) in fetal cells in symmetrical 150mM NaCl solutions. The channels were highly selective for cations: P_Na/P_Cl was 30 in adult and 45 in fetal experiments. They were equally permeable for K⁺ and Na⁺, somewhat less for Cs⁺, and impermeable for choline⁺ and tetraethylammonium⁺. The open probability was voltage dependent: it increased approximately 2-fold with 30mV depolarization in the potential range from −60mV to +60mV. The channels were activated by Ca²⁺ concentrations of about 10⁻⁴M at the cytoplasmic side, but were insensitive to extracellular Ca²⁺ and amiloride (10⁻⁴M). The non-selective cation channels found in apical membranes of cultured fetal nasal epithelial cells were not different from the adult ones.     

Heterogeneity of brainstem blood flow response to hypoxia in the anesthetized rat

Cerebral blood flow is strictly regulated during hypoxic stress. Because of the preponderant role of the brainstem in cardiorespiratory controls, blood flow response to hypoxia is stronger in this region than in the cortex. However, the brainstem is made up of various regions which differ in their responsiveness to chemical stimuli. The objective of this study was to evaluate the distribution of blood flow during hypoxia using microsphere deposition methods in three brainstem regions containing key structures in cardiorespiratory controls: the nucleus tractus solitarus (NTS), the ventral respiratory groups (VRG) and the pontine respiratory groups (PRG). Microsphere injections were made during normoxia (FIO2=0.21) and after 15 min of hypoxia (FIO2=0.21). Based on this index, blood flow increase during hypoxia was higher in the VRG than in the dorsal part of the brainstem, containing the NTS and the PRG (P=0.002, n=10). These results suggest that blood flow response to hypoxia favours O(2) delivery in brainstem regions involved in respiratory rhythm generation.     

大学生抑郁情绪与成人依恋的关系研究

目的 考察大学生的抑郁情绪与成人依恋的关系.方法 采用流调中心用抑郁量表和成人依恋量表,对河南某高校随机抽取的288名大一至大四的学生进行了调查.结果 ①大学生的抑郁情绪在性别与年级的交互作用上差异显著.②大学生成人依恋的不同类型对其抑郁情绪有影响,其中,拒绝型和恐惧型的大学生在抑郁情绪上有显著差异.结论 成人依恋的类型对大学生的抑郁情绪有显著影响.     

成人型多囊肾病的基因诊断──PKD_1基因与其两侧四种基因探针的连锁分析

采用位于α３′ＨＶＲ同侧与成人型多囊肾病基因（ＰＫＤ１）更加接近的ｐＧＧＧ１及另一侧的２４－１和２１８ＥＰ６等探针对正常人基因组ＤＮＡ进行限制性片段长度多态性（ＲＥＬＰ）分析，分别检测各等位片段的频率，在此基础上，应用这三个基因探针与３′ＨＶＲ一起对２个成人型多囊肾病家系成员进行单体型分析，在这２个家系中，５个ＡＰＫＤ患者的ＲＦＬＰ单体型被证明与ＰＫＤ１基因相连锁，发现一个重组体，并检测出二个症状前个体。     

成人腹腔神经节的形态观察

目的观察成人腹腔神经节的位置及形态结构,为揭示其功能提供形态学资料。方法取死后24～48h的18具成人尸体的18个腹腔神经节,经石蜡包埋切片,苏木精-伊红、Nissl及Masson染色,观察该神经节的细胞构筑。结果腹腔神经节多位于从腹主动脉发出的腹腔干的两侧,其形态不规则,但轮廓清楚,质地坚实,易与其它结构区别;镜下观察到,该神经节被单层扁平细胞构成的被膜包裹,节内的神经元为多极形,尼氏体丰富,核大圆亮;卫星细胞的形态结构也完整;在节内的细胞间质中含有丰富的胶原纤维。神经节的所有细胞均无溶解现象。结论若能在成年病人死亡后24～48h及时固定,既可确保其腹腔神经节的形态结构完整,又可为神经生物学的教学和科研制作成良好的组织切片标本。     

婚恋依恋研究进展

近年来依恋研究已由亲子依恋、依恋表征拓展到婚恋依恋．婚恋依恋是成人与情侣间的依恋情感联结。该文介绍了婚恋依恋提出的背景和主要观点、婚恋依恋类型及测量方法、有关婚恋依恋的主要研究成果、最后探讨了婚恋依恋领域有待深入研究的问题。     

Adult hypophosphatasia without apparent skeletal disease: “odontohypophosphatasia“ in four heterozygote members of a family

Summary Twenty members of a family with adult hypophosphatasia were examined clinically and biochemically. Severe caries causing early loss of permanent teeth was the only clinical symptom which could be attributed to hypophosphatasia. None of them had a history of defective bone mineralization, rachitic skeletal alterations, and recurrent pseudofractures or fractures. An iliac crest bone biopsy of the proposita showed a normal finding corresponding to the age of the patient.Four family members in two subsequent generations were affected, thus suggesting an autosomal dominant inheritance. Their serum and leukocyte alkaline phosphatases were reduced. The phosphoethanolamine (PEA) excretion in the urine was increased to a level which suggests a heterozygote state. The serum alkaline phosphatase activity could be ascribed to the liver isoenzyme fraction. This was shown by polyacrylamide electrophoresis, by inhibition studies with organ-specific inhibitors, heat inactivation, inhibition by antibodies, and treatment with neuraminidase.The proposita had an unexplained, diffuse fatty infiltration of the liver. Thus, not only alterations of bone but also of liver metabolism in hypophosphatasia should be considered.The variety of adult hypophosphatasia described in this paper is characterized by the lack of severe bone abnormalities, the apparently autosomal dominant inheritance, and the reduction of bone and intestinal isoenzyme in the serum. Our study suggests that hypophosphatasia is a heterogenous disorder which includes both severe and clinically mild forms.     

Limb preference after unilateral pyramidotomy in adult and neonatal rats

As previously reported, unilateral pyramidotomy in newborn rats results in the development of an aberrant ipsilateral corticospinal tract that originates from the intact side. In the present study, limb preference after unilateral pyramidotomy in adult and neonatal rats was examined in search of differences that might correlate with this aberrant tract. However, no significant differences were observed between the two groups. Postoperatively, adult animals preferred the limb corresponding to the intact corticospinal tract in spite of a pre- and postoperative testing bias toward the opposite limb. Similarly, the animals that sustained neonatal lesion followed by testing at maturity also preferred the limb corresponding to the normal crossed corticospinal tract.