艾滋病合并肺孢子菌肺炎6例临床分析

目的 探讨艾滋病合并肺孢子菌肺炎(PCP)的临床特征.方法 回顾性分析6例艾滋病合并PCP的临床资料.结果 艾滋病合并PCP常见的临床表现为发热、进行性呼吸困难、咳嗽,较常见的伴随症状为体重下降及水样便.外周血CD4+T淋巴细胞比率下降(2.68±2.69)％,乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)升高(492.50±170.84) U/L,1-3-β-D葡聚糖水平升高(490.53±205.03) pg/ml.高分辨率CT(HRCT)显示非特异性多形性改变.结论 艾滋病合并PCP的临床表现具有一定的特征,结合影像学及实验室检查有助于提高该病的早期诊断水平.     

耐药鲍氏不动杆菌β-内酰胺酶基因检测

目的探讨耐药鲍氏不动杆菌β-内酰胺类获得性耐药基因携带情况,为临床医师正确使用抗菌药物、延缓细菌耐药性快速增长提供实验室参考依据。方法选取2012年1-12月医院分离的20株耐药鲍氏不动杆菌,菌种鉴定采用法国生物梅里埃公司鉴定仪作初步鉴定,并作16S~23SrDNA鲍氏不动杆菌特异PCR扩增检测;全部β-内酰胺类药物获得性耐药基因均采用PCR法;PCR扩增产物DNA测序为Sanger法;测序结果用Chromas2.23直接作BLAST Search网上比对。结果 20株耐药鲍氏不动杆菌对碳青霉烯类、头孢类、氨基糖苷类、氟喹诺酮类4大类临床常用药物耐药性均较高,耐药率均>80.0%;检出blaTEM、blaADC、bla OXA-23群、bla OXA-51群β-内酰胺酶基因;并在国内首次检出bla ADC-17型C类β-内酰胺酶基因。结论医院耐药鲍氏不动杆菌对碳青霉烯类、头孢类药物耐药与携带blaTEM、blaADC、bla OXA-23群、bla OXA-51群β-内酰胺酶基因相关。     

CLINICAL AND IMMUNOLOGIC SEQUELAE OF AIDS RETROVIRUS INFECTION

The Sydney AIDS Project is a prospective immunoepidemiological study of 911 homosexual and bisexual men enrolled between February 1984 and January 1985. Clinical, immunological, and serological studies are performed on these subjects every six months. At enrolment, 39.9% of subjects were seropositive for antibodies to AIDS retrovirus (ARV). Of these 352 seropositive subjects, 28.1% were symptomless with normal immune profiles, 23.6% were symptomless with an immunodeficiency, 18.8% had a clinical illness but normal immune profile, and 29.6% had a clinical illness and immunodeficiency. Of the symptomless subjects, 27.8% were seropositive for antibodies to ARV. Clinically, seropositivity was significantly associated with enlargement of three or more non-inguinal lymph node groups, splenomegaly, and hepatomegaly. Immunologically, seropositivity was significantly associated with lower absolute numbers of lymphocytes and T4 + lymphocytes and a lower T4 +:T8 + ratio, compared with seronegative subjects. Seropositive subjects with a clinical illness had a significantly lower percentage of T4 + lymphocytes and lower T4 +:T8 + ratio than did those who were symptomless. However, the absolute number of T4 + cells was not significantly different between subjects with a clinical illness and those who were symptomless. Subjects whose sera were positive by immunofluorescence and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay but were negative by radioimmune precipitation assay had a lower number and percentage of T4 + lymphocytes than subjects who were positive by all three tests. These results demonstrate a wide variety of clinical and immunological responses to ARV infection. Prospective study of these subjects will enable us to define further the natural history of ARV infection and factors associated with progression.     

Depression in sleep disorders clinics

Purpose  The purpose of this paper was to determine the incidence of depression in our sleep disorders clinics (and it’s relation to patient characteristics) and to determine whether the incidence of depression varies in patients with and without sleep apnea. Methods  The Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) was administered to evaluate patients for depression. We reviewed records of all new patients between November, 1995 and May, 1996 and determined their BDI scores and polysomnogram (PSC) results. Patients were divided based on their respiratory disturbance index (RDI); a cut off value of 15 was chosen. Patients were re-divided based on the BDI score (13 or greater suggestive of depression). The age, sex, body mass index (BMI), BDI or RDI (as appropriate) and arousal indices were compared. Results  Sixty-three patients were enrolled; 29% were depressed. BDI scores and PSG data were available in 42 patients. Those with a high RDI had significantly lower BDI scores and higher arousal indices. Those with a high and low BDI scores were not significantly different in any of the parameters evaluated. Conclusions  Symptoms of depression are commonly seen in a sleep clinic. In patients with symptoms suggestive of SA but with low RDI scores, a diagnosis of depression should be entertained. The presence of depression, however, should not negatively influence a decision to perform PSG. Presented in part at the 19th Annual Meeting of the Associated Professional Sleep Societies, Washington, D.C., May, 1996.     

23例脊柱结核并发艾滋病患者的手术疗效观察

目的 探讨手术治疗脊柱结核并发艾滋病(AIDS)患者的临床疗效。方法 采用回顾性分析方法,搜集2014年1月至2018年1月成都市公共卫生临床医疗中心行手术治疗的23例脊柱结核并发AIDS患者的临床资料,包括手术时间、术中出血量、手术并发症,术前及末次随访时视觉模拟评分(VAS评分)、血红细胞沉降率(ESR)、C反应蛋白(CRP)、CD4 ⁺T淋巴细胞计数情况、神经功能情况,以及末次随访时植骨融合情况等,分析研究对象手术治疗的效果。结果 23例患者均顺利完成手术,平均手术时间为(268.4±11.3)min,平均出血量为(490.6±101.5)ml,无手术切口感染。患者均获得随访。末次随访VAS评分为(1.0±0.7)分,明显低于术前的(8.2±0.6)分,疼痛较术前明显改善,差异有统计学意义(t=6.15,P=0.001)。4例术前有神经功能损伤的患者完全恢复正常。经抗结核药物治疗及手术治疗,末次随访时患者的ESR和CRP分别为(9.3±2.6)mm/1h和(4.8±1.2)mg/L,较术前的(79.4±4.6)mm/1h和(57.5±5.9)mg/L均明显下降,差异均有统计学意义(t=64.66,P=0.000;t=47.73,P=0.000);经围手术期管理及后续以高效抗逆转录病毒治疗为主的综合治疗,末次随访时患者CD4 ⁺T淋巴细胞计数为(267.5±38.5)个/μl,较术前的(233.3±41.1)个/μl上升,差异有统计学意义(t=-36.57,P=0.001)。所有患者植骨融合符合Bridwell Ⅰ~Ⅱ级标准,植骨融合中位时间为6个月,随访期间未见内固定器断裂。2例患者术后1d出现癫痫,5例术后肺不张、高热,11例术后出现腹胀,对症处理后均恢复正常。结论 通过加强围手术期管理、合理选择手术时机,脊柱结核并发AIDS的患者手术治疗临床效果较好。     

HIV感染者随访期间核心症状及严重程度的调查研究

目的 调查HIV感染者随访期间症状的发生率和严重程度,构建HIV感染者症状网络,并分析网络中心化指标,探索症状网络中的核心症状。方法 2020年6月—10月选取昆明市某艾滋病定点诊疗机构感染科门诊的HIV感染者572例。采用艾滋病症状自评量表调查27个HIV相关症状的发生率和严重程度,并基于Spearman相关估计和Fruchterman-Reingold力引导布局探索症状网络的强度、紧密中心性和中介中心性。结果 获得有效问卷572份。HIV感染者最常见的症状是疲乏（44.41%）、睡眠障碍（37.76%）、健忘（37.41%）;最严重的症状是疲乏,其次是睡眠障碍、健忘;症状网络中,疲乏（r_S=8.62,r_C=1.16,r_B=36）和反应变慢（r_S=8.54,r_C=1.07,r_B=14）是强度、紧密中心性和中介中心性最大的症状。结论 疲乏和认知功能障碍症状群是HIV感染者症状网络中最核心的症状群,建议护理人员在随访过程中更多地关注HIV感染者的自我报告症状,并基于随访数据制订精准化的症状管理措施。     

A deficit in post-graphemic writing processes: Evidence for a graphomotor buffer

ABSTRACT

Post-graphemic writing processes transform abstract letter representations into representations of writing movements. We describe an individual with an acquired post-graphemic writing deficit. NGN is normal in spelling words aloud, but impaired in writing words to dictation, with most errors involving letter substitutions (e.g., RUMOR written as BUMOR). NGN’s deficit affects graphic motor plans, which specify the writing strokes for producing letters. Analyses of writing speed, fluency, and stroke patterns suggest that NGN’s errors result from incomplete motor-plan activation. NGN’s error rate is high for the first letter in a word, and declines across subsequent positions. On the basis of this serial position effect and other results, we propose that post-graphemic writing mechanisms include a graphomotor buffer, a writing-specific working memory that holds activated graphic motor plans bound to specific serial positions. We suggest that NGN’s graphomotor buffer is damaged such that early serial positions are affected most severely. Finally, we present results speaking to the roles and capabilities of the graphomotor buffer, and the structure of graphic motor plans.     

广东地区345例HIV/AIDS患者死亡原因分析

目的 探讨广东地区HIV/AIDS病例的死亡原因.方法 对345例HIV/AIDS住院死亡病例进行回顾性分析.结果 (1) 2001年1月至2011年12月某医院HIV/AIDS住院患者3406例,死亡345例,病死率10.13％.自2005年实行免费抗病毒治疗以来,病死率较前下降.CD4+T淋巴细胞计数＜ 200个/μl者病死率为14.61％(299/2046),与≥200个/μl者之间差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01),随着CD4+下降,病死率上升.(2)机会性感染累及99.42％(343/345)死亡病例,共出现机会性感染924例次,与死亡直接相关的占84.64％.机会性感染以真菌和细菌感染最常见,感染部位以肺部、口腔、全身播散性、胃肠道、中枢神经系统感染、败血症、皮肤软组织感染为主,其中重症肺炎、播散性青霉菌病及中枢神经系统感染等艾滋病指征性机会性感染占29.65％.引起HIV/AIDS死亡的因素还有机会性肿瘤、HIV相关性疾病及艾滋病非相关性疾病等,占15.36％.无接受有效的高效抗逆转录病毒治疗(HARRT)亦构成死亡的因素,其中接受HARRT者疗程超过3个月只占6.96％.结论 终末期艾滋病患者病死率极高,机会性感染是最主要的死亡原因.HIV/AIDS的早期诊断和积极控制机会性感染,及时有效HAART治疗是提高艾滋病患者生存质量的关键.     

Two cases of brand-specific albumin sensitivity in patients receiving regular therapeutic plasma exchange

Therapeutic plasma exchange (PLEX) involves the removal of detrimental substances, commonly pathogenic antibodies or toxins, from a patient’s blood by exchanging their plasma with a replacement fluid. While a variety of replacement fluids are available, human albumin (4–5 %) is the most commonly used, as it is widely available, easily stored, and generally well tolerated. Despite its excellent safety profile, adverse reactions to albumin are well documented, ranging in severity from mild allergic symptoms to severe anaphylaxis. This report describes two cases of patients receiving frequent PLEX who developed sensitivities to human albumin. These patients differed substantially in the manifestations of their symptoms, the duration of their treatment, and their medical indication for PLEX. In both cases, symptom onset occurred shortly after completion of plasma exchange procedures and lasted for several hours. Symptoms disappeared when the patients were switched to albumin from a different manufacturer, suggesting that the reaction was specific to that formulation of albumin and not to the albumin itself. These cases highlight the possibility of manufacturer-specific acquired albumin sensitivities and provide a simple framework for the initial approach to the management of such reactions.     

五种抗真菌药物对马尔尼菲青霉菌的体外抗菌活性观察

目的 了解两性霉素B(AMB)、酮康唑(KET)、氟康唑(FCA)、5-氟胞嘧啶(5-Fc)和伊曲康唑(ICA)5种抗真菌药物对马尔尼菲青霉菌体外抗菌活性,为临床用药提供参考依据.方法 采用浓度梯度法(E-test)测试AMB、KET、FCA、5-Fc、ICA 5种抗真菌药物对52株从不同AIDS患者骨髓、血液、皮肤损害标本中分离的马尔尼菲青霉菌酵母相和菌丝相的体外抗菌活性.数据采用U检验.结暴 AMB、KET、FCA、5-Fc、ICA的90%酵母相马尔尼菲青霉菌的最低抑制浓度(MIC90)分别为0.250、0.160、24.000、4.000和0.006 mg/L,最低抑制浓度(MIC)范围分别为0.004～0.500、00002～0.016、1.000～256.000、0.002～32.000和0.002～0.008 mg/L;对90%菌丝相马尔尼菲青霉菌的MIC90分别为1.500、0.125、256.000、24.000和0.012 mg/L,MIC范围分别为0.064～4.000、0.006～0.940、1.000～256.000、0.125～32.000和0.002～0.064 mg/L.不同抗真菌药对双相马尔尼菲青霉菌的体外抗菌活性不同,以ICA最强,其次为KET.酵母相和菌丝相的马尔尼菲青霉菌对同一药物的MIC比较差异有统计学意义(AMB、KET、FCA、5-Fc和ICA的U值分别为4.221 9、1.912、28.798、6.43、7.21,均P＜0.05).结论 进行马尔尼菲青霉菌体外抗真菌药物敏感实验对临床有重要参考意义.