早期外科专著关于痈疽的学术成就和价值

对《刘涓子鬼遗方》、《卫济宝书》、《集验背疽方》、《外科精要》4种早期外科专著进行研究,发现其内容均以痈疽病症方药为主,外科的清热解毒、消散、灸法、托里排脓、祛腐生肌等治疗方法,从脾论治的思想于此期形成,外科祛腐生新法为较早的重要记载,并系统论述了多种外科刀具及切开排脓的原则和适应症,切开部位和所用刀针选择,成为宋以后外科治疗原则和方法的学术基础。     

Goals matter: Both achievement and pain-avoidance goals are associated with pain severity and disability in patients with low back and upper extremity pain

It has been proposed that goal pursuit plays a role in the development of chronic pain disorders. On the basis of (affective) motivational theories, it was hypothesized that both long-term achievement goals and short-term hedonic goals would be related to increased levels of pain and disability, particularly in patients with high negative affect. Participants with musculoskeletal pain complaints (N = 299) completed a battery of questionnaires including a novel goal pursuit questionnaire (GPQ) measuring the extent to which participants preferred hedonic goals (mood-management or pain-avoidance goals) over achievement goals in various situations. Explorative factor analysis of the GPQ resulted in a reliable pain-avoidance (α = .88) and mood-management subscale (α = .76). A nonlinear, U-shaped relationship was found among the pain-avoidance scale (but not the mood-management scale) and pain and disability. This indicated that participants who strongly endorsed either achievement or pain-avoidance goals also reported higher pain and disability levels while controlling for biographical variables and pain catastrophizing. For pain but not disability, these relationships were only found among patients with high negative affect. For disability, goal pursuit and negative affect were independently related to disability. These findings provide support for the validity of an affective-motivational approach to chronic pain, suggesting that the experience of pain and the interference of pain on daily life activities depends on goal pursuit and negative affect. Interventions aimed at improving disability in chronic pain should address both patient’s goal pursuit and negative affect.     

不同气质类型护生的综合操作考试成绩比较

目的探讨综合操作考试应激情况下不同个性特征和气质类型护生的心理素质,采取各种心理干预和训练的手段,使各方面能力得到更好地发挥。方法采用艾森克个性量表（EPQ）和7500无创血压脉搏氧饱和度监护仪对参加毕业实习前综合操作考试的384名护生进行调查分析。结果多血质和黏液质的护生综合操作考试的成绩优于胆汁质和抑郁质的护生（H=39．4,P〈0．005）;操作考试前后脉率差〈30次／min者,优秀的成绩比例大;而≥30次／min者,成绩不够理想。结论在操作考试应激情况下,个性特征稳定的外向型（多血质）和内向性（黏液质）的护生更能应对应激环境的变化,个性特征不稳定的外向型（胆汁质）和内向性（抑郁质）的护生抗应激能力差,易致心理紧张和焦虑。     

112名大学生考试应激心理反应与学习成绩的比较研究

目的通过大学生考试前心理测试结果与考试成绩的比较,以发现心理因素与学习成绩的关系。方法选择南京林业大学112名大学生,在期末考试前,采用症状自评量表(SCL-90)进行心理测验,并与全国常模组对比,再用高分组与低分组做比较、文科组与理科组相比较进行统计学分析。结果 SCL-90结果显示,除敌对、恐怖因子分外,考试前大学生在躯体化、强迫、人际敏感、抑郁、焦虑、偏执、精神病因子分与全国常模相比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05或P<0.01);高分组与低分组相比较,除敌对、恐怖、精神病外,其余差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05或P<0.01);文科组与理科组相比较,除强迫、焦虑、敌对、恐怖、偏执外,在躯体化、人际敏感、抑郁、精神病因子分方面,差异也有统计学意义(P<0.05或P<0.01)。结论大学生在考试前的心理应激反应明显增多,且对学习成绩有一定的影响。     

2015年江西省"三甲医院"寄生虫病检验技能竞赛成绩分析

目的 了解江西省综合性三甲医院检验人员寄生虫病检测能力。方法 全省20家综合性三甲医院组队参赛,每队2名选手。竞赛分为笔试和技能操作两部分（各100分）。笔试内容涉及寄生虫生活史、免疫学基础、检测技术、病原诊断等;技能操作包括厚、薄血涂片及改良加藤厚涂片的制片和镜检阅片。结果 共40名选手参赛,总成绩平均分为（97.3±22.4）分,及格率为15.0%;其中笔试平均成绩为（56.6±12.8）分,及格率为52.5%;技能操作平均成绩为（40.8±12.4）分,及格率为5.0%。笔试成绩中,土源性线虫生活史得分率最高（90.0%）,食源性寄生虫病防治基础知识得分率最低（31.5%）。选手血涂片制作、镜检及格率均高于加藤片,差异均有统计学意义（P均 < 0.05）;间日疟原虫、恶性疟原虫、卵形疟原虫和阴性片的镜检检出率依次为38.8%、45.0%、35.0%和25.0%;蠕虫卵检出率以鞭虫卵最高（87.5%）,曼氏迭宫绦虫卵最低（2.5%）。省级医院选手加藤片制作和镜检得分均高于市级医院 （P均 < 0.05）;教学医院选手加藤片制片成绩高于非教学医院（P < 0.05）。结论 江西三甲医院检验专业人员寄生虫病检测技能水平难以满足当前寄生虫病诊断的需要,应引起卫生主管部门和医院的高度重视。     

大学生成就动机与职业兴趣关系

目的:研究大学生成就动机与职业兴趣的关系,为高校进行就业指导提供一定的理论依据。方法:采用成就动机量表和大学生职业兴趣问卷对232名大学生进行调查。结果:男生在追求成功动机、成就动机总得分、研究型和经营型上均显著高于女生(t=2.190,2.760,3.493,4.624;P0.01),理科生在追求成功的动机、成就动机总得分、研究型、经营型上均显著高于文科生(t=2.757,3.811,4.187,2.961;P0.01),而在避免失败动机(t=-2.435,P0.05)上得分显著低于文科生;追求成功的动机与研究型、经营型、社会型存在显著正相关(r=0.330,0.368,0.293;P0.01),避免失败的动机与经营型存在显著正相关(r=0.322,P0.01),成就动机的总分与研究型、经营型、社会型之间存在显著正相关(r=0.284,0.496,0.258;P0.01),与常规型(r=-0.16,P0.010)之间存在显著负相关。结论:大学生的成就动机与职业兴趣之间存在一定的关系。     

Gender and achievement in clinical medical students: a path analysis

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Men and women interact differently with the learning environment. Women's standards and goals are responsive to social and environmental influences. Men seem relatively indifferent but check their performance against strongly internalized standards. The purpose of this study was to discover how these interactions determined achievement. METHODS: A longitudinal study examined students on their first clinical firms. Students' view of the learning environment was measured as their attribution style. Perceived self-efficacy, anxiety and fear of negative evaluation were also measured at the start of the course and again 3 months later. Path analysis was used to connect these measures to achievement assessed in tests of knowledge and skills after a further 3 months. RESULTS: Men and women showed significant differences. In both, a perception that bad events in the learning environment were persistent and pervasive appeared to be causal of high achievement in tests of knowledge. In men this was dominantly mediated through fear of negative evaluation and anxiety. In women the path appeared to be direct and associated with a sense of reduced self-efficacy. Men also showed two additional and opposing paths to achievement when good events were pervasive and persistent. For some, achievement was improved. Others experienced a reduction in anxiety and performed poorly. CONCLUSIONS: Achievement in men demands arousal. This is greatest in environments that provide frequent opportunities for comparison of their performance with their internal standards. Achievement in women seemed consequential on a re-evaluation of their sense of efficacy in adverse environments. Persisting with attempts to manage learning in a socially unresponsive environment can cause unproductive anxiety and poor performance.     

线栓法制大鼠脑缺血模型操作和评价的改良

目的 介绍线栓法制大鼠大脑中动脉栓寒模型的操作和评价的改良.方法 雄性SD大鼠共120只,随机分成常规组(n=50)、改良组(n=60)和假手术组(n=10),前两组分别用常规线栓法和改良法制作大鼠脑缺血模型,利用体征指标和红四氮唑(2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride,TTC)染色对所有大鼠进行评价.以TTC染色结果为金标准,比较两种造模方法的成功率,同时计算各项体征指标的灵敏度和特异度,率的比较用χ~2或校正χ~2检验.结果 改良法模型成功率为71.67%,明显高于常规法的52.00%(P=0.034);评价模型是否成功,现有的体征法灵敏度为98.55%,特异度仅为加40.00%,经改良后灵敏度仍为98.55%,而特异度可提高到100.00%(P=0.000).结论 大鼠腩缺血模型经改良后,造模成功率和评价准确性明显提高.     

论医药卫生高新科技成果转化的现状与对策

该文简要介绍了我校医药卫生技术成果转化的现状,指出当前医药卫生高新技术成果转化过程中遇到的种种困难和转化工作的不足之处,提出促进医药卫生高新科技成果转化与科技创新是一致的,技术开发必须和市场开发结合起来,努力形成产学研一体化模式和扶持技术成果中介组织是高校医药卫生科技创新工作的重点.