Exposure to organic solvents during cosmetic finishing of cars

The objectives of this study were to assess the exposure to organic solvents during degreasing, washing and polishing of cars, and to obtain information about acute health symptoms in car-finishing workers. Fifteen car shops participated in this study, and at these locations 36 workers had car finishing as their main working task. All 36 car-finishing workers and 17 randomly selected office workers from six of these car shops completed questionnaires on acute health symptoms. Personal monitoring of exposure to organic solvents was carried out in three representative shops. The highest exposure levels were found during degreasing of new cars, the median level of aliphatic hydrocarbons (C9-C13) being 22 p.p.m. (range 7-215 p.p.m.). This exposure level represents 50% (range 20-540%) of the Norwegian 8 h limit value for additive factor for these compounds. Only 28% of the workers used gas respirators regularly during this process. Very low exposure levels were detected during washing of second-hand cars and during polishing processes. The present study shows that car-finishing workers are exposed to high levels of organic solvents only for short periods of time. It seems that they are not adequately protected during these periods. However, the presence of acute symptoms was low, i.e. comparable to the prevalences in the reference group.     

促排方案与精子洗涤对供精人工授精妊娠率的影响

目的供精人工授精（AID）是目前治疗男性少、弱、无精及染色体异常等所致不育或不宜生育的最重要技术之一，但AID成功率是个不定数，受诸多因素的影响；作者着重研究促排方案及精子洗涤对实施AID不孕妇女妊娠率的影响，以探讨AID的成功因素。方法对133对夫妇施行AID，共238个周期，平均治疗1．78个周期。促排方案为自然周期、克罗米芬（CC）、克罗米芬加促尿激素（CC＋HMG）、促尿激素（HMG）4种方法；精子洗涤用上游法及Percoll梯度离心法。结果56例成功，平均周期妊娠率23．53％，总妊娠率42．10％；四种促排方案妊娠率分别为：自然周期：30．77％（4／13）；CC．20．78％（16／77）；CC＋HMG：28．92％（24／83）HMG：18．46％（12／65），p〉0．05；精子洗涤妊娠率：上游法46．74％（43／92），Percoll 31．71％（13／41），p〉0．05。结论四种促排方案及两种精子洗涤方法对AID妊娠率的影响均无统计学意义，但上游法的妊娠率高于Percoll梯度离心法，总妊娠率从高至低依次为CC、自然周期、CC＋HMG、HMG。     

鼻内镜术后中西药结合冲洗对鼻腔黏膜早期变化的技术研究报告

目的鼻内镜术后应用自制中药液加西药液冲洗鼻腔，观察鼻腔黏膜变化，为鼻腔术后黏膜的早期修复，寻求中西医结合治疗的有效方法。方法鼻内镜手术患者120例，随机分为两组，中西药结合组60例患者用生理盐水250ml加庆大霉素8万u以及自制中药液250ml，于术后第2天取出鼻腔油纱条开始每日冲洗鼻腔2次，对照组60例患者同法用生理盐水、甲硝唑各250ml冲洗，予以记录。结果两组术后第3天各项指标评分经t检验，差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05），于术后第5、7、9、11大各项指标评分中西药结合组均明显高于对照组（P〈0．05）。结论术后用中西药液结合冲洗鼻腔可以提高鼻内镜手术的疗效。     

对肛周脓肿合并糖尿病的术后治疗探讨

肛周脓肿合并糖尿病临床较常见，因恐伤口不愈合，患者对手术切开引流颇有顾虑。对此本科采用术后中药内服外用，配合微波治疗，从而促进伤口愈合，减少了再次感染的发生。为便于观察疗效，术后选择治疗组55例予中药内服、熏洗及挟药，配合微波治疗。对照组予1：5000高锰酸钾坐浴，庆大霉素及贝复荆挟药，不予微波治疗。应用Ridit及T检验对结果进行比较分析。结果：治疗组在肛门疼痛、创面渗液消失时间、创面愈合时间，这三方面效果均优于对照组（P〈0．05或0．01）。结论：中药内服、熏洗及换药，配合微波治疗能促进肛周脓肿合并糖尿病患者术后的伤口愈合，解除患者的担忧。     

中药熏洗配合手法治疗髌骨软化症38例

笔者自１９９６～１９９８年在门诊采用中药熏洗配合手法治疗髌骨软化症３８例,收到较为满意的效果。１　临床资料１－１　一般资料　３８例中男性９例,女性２９例;年龄３８岁～６２岁;病程最长２年,最短半个月;单侧肢体３２例,双侧肢体６例;其中合并髌上囊积液４例。１－２　诊断依据　有外伤史和劳损病史;上下楼梯疼痛及半蹲位膝部疼痛加重;髌骨下脂肪垫压痛阳性;髌骨研磨试验阳性;Ｘ线摄片检查可见密度增高的软骨骨质硬化影。２　治疗方法２－１　中药熏洗　采用我院中药熏洗室的验方“熏洗方”煎汤熏洗患膝。“熏洗方”由红…     

洗碗机采用含氯洗涤消毒剂除菌效果观察

洗碗机采用含二氯异氰尿酸钠洗涤消毒液（ 含有效氯２ ．２４ ｍｇ／Ｌ） 喷淋餐饮具，再以清水冲洗２ 次共５ ｍｉｎ，６０ ℃温水冲洗２ 次共３３ ｍｉｎ，６０ ℃烘干４５ ｍｉｎ 。以洗涤消毒液喷淋２１ ｍｉｎ 时，对玻璃片表面大肠杆菌灭除率达９９ ．９９ ％ 以上，但不能使全部样片ＨＢｓＡｇ 明显转阴性；洗涤消毒液喷淋３６ ｍｉｎ 时，对大肠杆菌灭除率达１００ ％ ，使全部样片ＨＢｓＡｇ 转阴性。经现场检测，洗涤消毒液喷淋２１ ｍｉｎ，对餐具表面细菌灭除率为９９ ．８３ ％ ～１００ ％ ，检不出大肠杆菌与致病菌。     

综合治疗跟痛症的临床观察

目的综合治疗跟痛症的临床疗效观察。方法将99例患者随机分为：综合治疗组（33例）,针灸治疗组（33例）,穴位注射治疗组（33例）。3组患者均用陈醋熏蒸患足,针灸治疗组：主穴悬钟、太溪、然谷、阿是穴。穴位注射治疗组：太溪穴位注射。综合治疗组：穴位注射加针灸治疗加陈醋熏蒸。结果综合治疗组、针灸治疗组、穴位注射治疗组三组总有效率分别为93.9%、72.7%、69.7%,综合治疗组明显优于针灸治疗组、穴位注射治疗组（P〈0.01）。结论综合治疗跟痛症疗效显著而持久。     

循证护理的理论与实践

伤口清洗溶液、压力和方法的选择与应用3相关证据3.1评估3.2伤口清洗3.2.2清洗伤口的压力系统评价结果发现,对于成人和儿童的撕裂伤及其他创伤性伤口,674 mmHg（89.63 kPa）的冲洗压力对于减少伤口的感染和炎症发生都是有效的（Ⅱ级证据）。     

Tenacity of Exogenous Human Papillomavirus DNA in Sperm Washing

Purpose: Sperm cells have been shown to take up exogenous DNA readily. The hypothesis was that sperm washing would remove exogenous viral DNA infecting sperm cells. The objective was to compare three types of sperm washing procedures for their capacity to remove exogenous human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA from infected sperm. Methods: Prewashed sperm were equally divided and sperm in one portion were exposed to L1 HPV DNA fragments for 30 min at 37°C. Untreated washed sperm served as the control. After transfection, the sperm were washed by either centrifuge, two-layer Isolate colloid wash, or test-yolk buffer procedures. Sperm parameters were measured on a Hamilton Thorn HTM-C analyzer. Sperm DNA were extracted and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was carried out targeting the L1 consensus gene of HPV and the designated sentinel gene, 17q21 spanning the D17S855 gene. Amplified products were analyzed in 2% agarose gel electrophoresis. Results: PCR analyses detected the consensus L1 HPV gene in sperm after they were processed through either of the three procedures. Controls were negative for the L1 gene. Extracted DNA were verified by PCR amplification of 17q21 spanning the D17S855 gene. Transfected sperm had higher percentages of total motility and progression compared with the control. Centrifuged, washed, transfected sperm exhibited a greater curvilinear velocity and hyperactivation. Conclusions: The data showed that washing would not remove exogenous HPV DNA from sperm cells. The viral DNA was tenaciously bound to the sperm, suggesting an internalization into the sperm. The viral DNA also increased the motility of the sperm by affecting the velocity and progression of the sperm, which suggested either an increase in metabolism, an enhancement of the calcium-regulated motility mechanism, or an artifact of PCR reagents. More studies are needed to elucidate the mechanism of DNA stimulated sperm motility.     

液晶玻璃毛细管柱色谱和色-质联用分离和鉴定煤焦油馏分

本文用BaCO_3沉积法预处理玻璃毛细管柱,用静态法分别涂以五种液晶固定液(BMBT、BBBT、EPMB、BPBAmB、MPBOB),所得五种液晶玻璃毛细管柱用于分离四种煤焦油馏分——蒽油、洗油、酚油和轻油。发现BBBT和EPMB对蒽油和洗油可得较佳的分离结果;MPBOB毛细管柱可用于分离酚油和轻油。各馏分中分离出的组分数分别为140,100,50,40,流出时间分别为40、30、18和12分钟。各馏分中分离出的组分进行了纯物质对照和色-质联用定性。