Deliberate induction of alcohol tolerance: empirical introduction to a novel health risk

Aims Alcohol tolerance is a hallmark indicator of alcohol dependence. Even so, the allure of peers' admiration for having the ability to drink heavily may lead some adolescents and young adults to practice, or ‘train’, to increase their tolerance (particularly at US colleges, where heavy drinking is highly prevalent and central to the social culture). This is a potential health hazard that has not been documented empirically. Thus, we initiated a study of tolerance ‘training’ and its association to risky and heavy drinking. Design, setting and participants A cross‐sectional online survey of 990 college student life‐time drinkers at a large Midwestern US university. Findings Of the sample, 9.9% (n = 97) reported deliberately ‘training’ to increase tolerance. On average, they reported increasing from approximately seven to 10 US standard drinks in a night prior to ‘training’ to 12–15 drinks at the end of ‘training,’ over approximately 2–3 weeks' duration. Although the proportion of frequent binge drinking among ‘non‐trainers’ (34.4%) was similar to national rates, ‘trainers’ were much more likely to be frequent bingers (76.3%; OR = 6.15). Conclusions A number of students report deliberately inducing alcohol tolerance, probably directly increasing the risk for alcohol poisoning and other acute harms and/or dependence. This phenomenon might additionally be applicable to other populations, and deserves further study and attention as a potential personal and public health risk. Prevention efforts might aim to reduce the perceived importance of heavy‐drinking abilities.     

生活垃圾集装箱在集装化转运系统中的改进技术研究

为延长生活垃圾集装箱及其零配件的使用寿命,以及解决箱门无法正常开闭和在运输途中的垃圾渗沥液渗漏问题,对部分零部件(扇齿轮、水平杆、兼容箱箱门门框密封技术)进行了技术革新,有效缓解了现存的问题.     

复跳前控制性温血停跳液灌注的心肌保护作用

目的探讨复跳前自体氧合温血停跳液控制性灌注在体外循环手术中对心肌缺血再灌注损伤的保护作用.方法选择256例复杂或重症患者,随机分为对照组128例,实验组128例.常规在体外循环下进行各种手术,均采用4℃ThomasⅡ号液间断顺灌行心肌保护.实验组在主动脉开放前约5min,用4:1自体氧合温血停跳液控制性灌注(压力:50mmHg,量:10ml/kg,流量:100～200ml/min,温度:35℃).分别在阻断主动脉前和开放主动脉后0,1,6,24h测定心肌酶,比较二组自动复跳率、复跳后血流动力学、围术期升压药应用、心律失常发生率、病死率、术后心功能等指标.结果实验组心肌酶含量低于对照组(P＜0.05),其余各指标优于对照组(P＜0.05).结论复跳前控制性温血灌注对心肌缺血有良好保护作用,方法简单、可行,值得临床应用.     

Age-related changes of NGF, BDNF, parvalbumin and neuronal nitric oxide synthase immunoreactivity in the mouse hippocampal CA1 sector

We investigated the age-related alterations in nerve growth factor (NGF), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), parvalbumin and neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) immunoreactivity of the mouse hippocampal CA1 sector. NGF and BDNF immunoreactivity was unchanged in the hippocampal CA1 pyramidal neurons from 2 to 50-59 weeks of birth. In contrast, a significant increase in the NGF and BDNF immunoreactivity was observed in glial cells of the hippocampal CA1 sector from 40-42 to 50-59 weeks of birth. On the other hand, the number of parvalbumin- and nNOS-positive interneurons was unchanged in the hippocampal CA1 sector during aging processes, except for a significant decrease of nNOS-positive interneurons 2 weeks of birth. Our results indicate that NGF and BDNF immunoreactivity was unaltered in the hippocampal CA1 pyramidal neurons during aging processes. In contrast, a significant increase in the NGF and BDNF immunoreactivity was observed in glial cells of the hippocampal CA1 sector during aging processes. The present study also shows that the number of parvalbumin- and nNOS-positive interneurons was unchanged in the hippocampal CA1 sector during aging processes, except for a significant decrease of nNOS-positive interneurons 2 weeks of birth. These results demonstrate that the expression of glial NGF and BDNF may play a key role for helping survival and maintenance of pyramidal neurons and neuronal functions in the hippocampal CA1 sector during aging processes. Furthermore, our findings suggest that parvalbumin- and nNOS-positive interneurons in the hippocampal CA1 sector are resistant to aging processes. Moreover, our findings suggest that nitric oxide synthesized by the nNOS may play some role for neuronal growth during postnatal development.     

乙型肝炎病毒多聚酶末端蛋白重链可变区抗体体外抑制病毒的复制

目的用蛋白片段互补法(PCA)选择HBV多聚酶末端蛋白(TP)重链可变区(VH)抗体,研究特异性VH抗体体外抑制HBV的复制与分泌。方法以HBV多聚酶TP区为抗原,用PCA法进行特异性VH抗体筛选。特异性VH抗体基因定向亚克隆人真核表达载体pZeoSV2( ),构建pZeoSV2( )-VH重组质粒,用脂质体介导的转染技术,将其导入HepG 2.2.15细胞,观察特异性抗体的生物学活性。结果用PCA法从抗体库中选择出3个特异性抗体:VH1、VH2和VH3,其中与抗原亲和力最高的是VH1。转染pZeoSV2( )-VH1的HepG 2.2.15细胞比未转染pZeoSV2 ( )-VH1或只转染空载体pZeoSV2( )的HepG 2.2.15细胞病毒颗粒分泌明显减少,上清液内为2.978 7±0.276 1比5.150 4±0.276 1和5.295 1±0.241 0(P<0.05);细胞内为5.283 9±0.162 9比8.300 4±0.323 2和8.532 1±0.138 3(P<0.05)。结论用PCA法可从抗体库中选择出HBV多聚酶TP区特异性VH抗体,该抗体在体外可抑制HBV的复制与分泌。     

中医药治疗小儿哮喘气道炎症机制研究

中医药治疗小儿哮喘气道炎症的机制优势主要体现在以下方面：①验证了中医药在细胞分子水平上对气道炎症的防治作用,为中医药治疗哮喘提供了临床实验依据;②一些文献证明中医药或中西医结合控制气道炎症的作用优于单独使用激素治疗或其他西医常规治疗,中医药调节机体动态平衡的作用是其潜在优势;③中医药在哮喘缓解期仍有控制气道炎症的作用,其注重扶正固本的治则可有效缓解激素的不良反应,有助于解除对激素的依赖性。但中医药在此类研究中尚存在一些不足之处：①中医药对气道炎症的临床作用机制研究仍处于现代医学研究成果的验证阶段,即对若干指标的影响,缺少基于循证医学的理论创新;②由于临床标本采取受限,中医药对气道炎症的临床作用机制研究尚未进行纵向深入探索,不能充分揭示各因素之间的动态演变过程;③绝大多数文献没有考虑中医的证和症与检测指标的相关性,不能完全体现中医药在防治气道炎症方面的辨证施治精神;④部分临床能快速抑制气道炎症的复方缺少相关动物实验研究,尚无法深入揭示其作用机制,限制了中成药的研发与推广;⑤尚缺少多中心大样本研究,部分文献分组及统计方法不尽科学,影响研究质量。     

Effectiveness and safety of warm needle acupuncture for sciatica: A protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis

Background:Sciatica is a syndrome characterized by sciatic nerve path and distribution area pain. Many kinds of literature reported the definite effect of warm needle acupuncture (WNA) on sciatica. However, there is no systematic review or meta-analysis on WNA for sciatica. Therefore, this study will design a protocol to comprehensively and systematically evaluate the effectiveness and safety of WNA on sciatica.Methods:The two researchers in this study will search the electronic database for randomized controlled trials, (RCTs) of WNA on sciatica, The databases we will search include PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, Chinese national knowledge infrastructure (CNKI), China Science and Technology Journal Database (VIP), Wanfang Database, and Chinese biomedical literature database (CBM). Review Manager 5.4 software and Cochrane risk bias tool will be us used for data analysis and to evaluate research quality. The main clinical indicators will include visual analogue scale (VAS) and Oswestry Disability Index (ODI).Results:This study will evaluate the efficacy and safety of WNA for sciatica.Conclusion:This study will provide a reliable scheme for objectively and comprehensively evaluating the efficacy and safety of WNA on sciatica.Trial registration number:INPLASY2020110074     

Determination of heavy metals in albumen of hen eggs from the Markazi Province (Iran) using ICP-OES technique

Increase of distribution of environmental contaminants such as heavy metals have been caused the knowledge of the safety and hygiene of food is very important, especially eggs, because of its role in the daily diet. There are very few studies about the investigation of the heavy metal contents in egg-white. In this study, six heavy metals include Aluminium (Al), Arsenic (As), Lead (Pb), Cadmium (Cd), Mercury (Hg), Antimony (Sb) in egg-white from 32 industrial poultry farms were investigated, by ICP-OES. All the samples were collected in all area of Markazi Province, Iran in autumn 2013. The mean concentrations of heavy metals in egg-white as follows: 0.119 for Al, 0.785 for As, 0.750 for Pb, 0.249 for Cd, 0.270 for Hg and 0.186?mg/kg for Sb. Also, the concentration of the some heavy metals were higher than maximum allowable concentration that probably it is associated to use pesticides and activities of industrial factories around the poultry farms.     

Efficacy of warming needle moxibustion in the treatment of ankylosing spondylitis: A protocol of a randomized controlled trial

Background:Ankylosing spondylitis is a recurrent autoimmune disease, which has a high disability rate and seriously affects patients’ daily life. Conventional treatment cannot effectively solve the clinical problems of patients, and long-term medication is accompanied by adverse reactions. The evidence shows that warming needle moxibustion has advantages in the treatment of ankylosing spondylitis, but there is still a lack of clinical studies on warm acupuncture alone and long-term follow-up.Methods:This is a prospective randomized controlled trial to study the efficacy and safety of needle warming through moxibustion in the treatment of ankylosing spondylitis. It was approved by the Ethics Committee of Clinical Research of our hospital. Patients were randomly assigned to an observation group or a control group. The patients were followed up for 6 months after 30 days of treatment. Observation indicators include; activity index, functional ability, Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Metrology Index, inflammatory indicators, adverse reactions, and so on. Finally, SPASS 22.0 software is used for statistical analysis of the data.Discussion:This study will evaluate the clinical efficacy of warming needle moxibustion in the treatment of ankylosing spondylitis. The results of this study will provide a reference basis for the clinical use of warm needle moxibustion in the treatment of ankylosing spondylitis.Trial registration:OSF Registration number: DOI 10.17605/OSF.IO/GWPX3