优化新生脉散方治疗心力衰竭的网络药理学机制分析

[目的] 运用网络药理学方法分析优化新生脉散方治疗慢性心力衰竭（CHF）的作用机制。[方法] 基于中药系统药理数据库和分析平台（TCMSP）、BATMAN-TCM及UniProt数据库查询优化新生脉散方药物的主要活性成分与相应靶点，利用GeneCards数据库检索CHF相关靶点，通过OmicShare网站分析并结合Cytoscape-v3.6.0软件构建优化新生脉散方中药-化合物-靶点-疾病网络图，使用DAVID数据库对潜在靶点进行基因功能（GO）及京都基因和基因组百科全书（KEGG）通路富集分析。[结果] 根据类药性（DL）、口服吸收利用度（OB）、参数评分（Scorecutoff）筛选出与CHF相关的潜在化合物85种及靶点89个，其中，化合物有quercetin、luteolin、kaempferol等，靶点包括SCN5A、ADRB2、NOS2等。功能富集分析涉及生物过程、分子功能、细胞组分的GO条目共497个，主要参与调控细胞凋亡、增殖及缺氧、炎症反应等方面，KEGG通路富集得到139条，主要与缺氧诱导因子-1（HIF-1）、磷脂酰肌醇3激酶/蛋白激酶B（PI3K-Akt）、肿瘤坏死因子（TNF）信号通路等有关。[结论] 优化新生脉散方治疗CHF具有多成分、多靶点、多途径的作用，为进一步研究优化新生脉散方治疗CHF的潜在复杂机制提供参考方向。     

虎杖MYB转录因子PcMYB1的表达特性和功能研究

目的对虎杖中1个新的R2R3-MYB转录因子基因PcMYB1进行转录活性鉴定和表达特性分析,并在转基因拟南芥中进行功能研究。方法利用酵母单杂交实验分析PcMYB1的转录活性;荧光定量PCR(RT-PCR)技术检测虎杖中PcMYB1的表达模式;利用Wiesner染色和溴乙酰法检测PcMYB1转基因拟南芥中的木质素含量;RT-PCR技术分析PcMYB1转基因拟南芥木质素合成相关基因的表达。结果酵母单杂实验结果表明,PcMYB1具有转录抑制活性;RT-PCR结果显示PcMYB1在虎杖根、茎、叶中均有表达,在叶中表达量最高,并且紫外照射处理可诱导叶片中PcMYB1的表达;与野生型拟南芥相比,转基因拟南芥的株高降低了24.07%,木质部的细胞染色程度浅,转基因拟南芥木质素含量降低了14.81%,参与木质素合成的AtC4H、AtC3H、AtF5H、AtCOMT、AtCAD基因表达下调。结论 PcMYB1具有转录抑制活性,对植物木质素合成具有负调控作用。     

医用粘胶相关性皮肤损伤的文献计量学分析

目的: 应用文献计量学方法,分析国内外医用粘胶相关性皮肤损伤（Medical adhesive-related skin injuries,MARSI）文献的研究主题和热点。方法: 检索Cochrane Library、PubMed、EMbase、Web of science、sinoMed、CNKI、Wanfang、VIP等数据库MARSI相关文献,检索时限为建库至2019年5月。采用SPSS 22.0 软件进行文献计量分析,利用gCLUTO统计对国内外高频主题词进行聚类分析。结果: 共纳入论文103篇,其中外文文献占总文献量的27.18%,中文文献占总文献量的72.82%。聚类分析将国内外高频主题词聚为4大类,依次为皮肤损伤及损伤类型、相关危险因素、风险评估及风险管理、护理干预措施。结论: MARSI仍是国内外研究的热点,其发病机制研究仍处于探索阶段,目前尚缺乏有效的预防策略,研究领域较局限。在今后的研究中,应加强MARSI预防的研究、注重多学科合作。     

Perceived mechanisms of change in therapeutic yoga targeting psychological distress

IntroductionThis study was designed to investigate yoga teachers' and yoga therapists’ perceptions of the ways yoga is applied to treat symptoms of psychological distress, and identify the defining features, main components, and mechanisms of change in therapeutic practice.MethodsA qualitative design was employed. Six yoga teachers who had specific training and experience in teaching therapeutic yoga or practicing ‘yoga therapy’ took part in one-to-one interviews during which they gave accounts of their experiences of helping people cope with psychological distress through yoga. Participants' interviews were transcribed verbatim and were analysed using an integrative inductive-deductive thematic analysis.ResultsFour key themes were identified in relation to the benefits of therapeutic yoga: Awareness, Choice, Relationships, and Tailoring.ConclusionsThe findings support previous research which suggests that individualised yoga therapy is a promising intervention, and may help to form a theoretical rationale for the future treatment of psychological distress with yoga.     

基于岗位管理的基层医院专科护士使用及考核的现状调查研究

目的调查四川省基层医院专科护士使用和考核现状,对其使用和考核体系进行探索。方法于2017年9月7-15日,采用问卷调查法对四川省38所二级及三级乙等医疗单位专科护士的使用和发展现状进行调查。结果共有38所医院参与网络问卷调查,其中34.21%的医院未针对专科护士设置岗位,岗位职责不清晰。有73.68%的专科护士未进行资质再认证,60.53%的专科护士学成后未进行专科资质再考核。结论我国对专科护士能力的评价认证体系尚未形成统一标准,对专科护士的培养条件也未形成统一标准。护士岗位管理中设置专科护士岗位能促进专科护士的职业发展规划,有利于专科护士使用和考核。     

Group testing in mediation analysis

We consider the scenario where there is an exposure, multiple biologically defined sets of biomarkers, and an outcome. We propose a new two-step procedure that tests if any of the sets of biomarkers mediate the exposure/outcome relationship, while maintaining a prespecified familywise error rate. The first step of the proposed procedure is a screening step that removes all groups that are unlikely to be strongly associated with both the exposure and the outcome. The second step adapts recent advances in postselection inference to test if there are true mediators in each of the remaining candidate sets. We use simulation to show that this simple two-step procedure has higher statistical power to detect true mediating sets when compared with existing procedures. We then use our two-step procedure to identify a set of Lysine-related metabolites that potentially mediate the known relationship between increased body mass index and the increased risk of estrogen-receptor positive breast cancer in postmenopausal women.     

Content analysis of media coverage of breastfeeding in Mexico

Media can be a powerful communication tool to promote breastfeeding programs, influence mother's breastfeeding behaviour, and generate support among stakeholders for breastfeeding. Yet, there is little information on how media coverage influences a country's breastfeeding enabling environment. This study addressed this gap by conducting a retrospective content analysis of documents published between January 1, 2017 and January 1, 2018 to analyse the media coverage related to breastfeeding in Mexico. Content analysis was based on the breastfeeding gear model and a strategic planning technique to identify strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats for enabling the national breastfeeding environment. Media coverage of breastfeeding was more frequent in August (36% of all documents). The top three topics commonly covered by the media were advocacy events promoting breastfeeding, promotion campaigns, and changes in breastfeeding legislation and policy. In general, the media coverage focused on strengths of specific breastfeeding policies. There was limited news coverage of key factors that negatively influenced or threatened the breastfeeding environment. Findings support the need to design strategies to engage the media covering in more depth and breadth diverse aspects of breastfeeding protection, promotion, and support efforts in Mexico.     

Reflection of neuroblastoma intratumor heterogeneity in the new OHC-NB1 disease model

Accurate modeling of intratumor heterogeneity presents a bottleneck against drug testing. Flexibility in a preclinical platform is also desirable to support assessment of different endpoints. We established the model system, OHC-NB1, from a bone marrow metastasis from a patient diagnosed with MYCN-amplified neuroblastoma and performed whole-exome sequencing on the source metastasis and the different models and passages during model development (monolayer cell line, 3D spheroid culture and subcutaneous xenograft tumors propagated in mice). OHC-NB1 harbors a MYCN amplification in double minutes, 1p deletion, 17q gain and diploid karyotype, which persisted in all models. A total of 80–540 single-nucleotide variants (SNVs) was detected in each sample, and comparisons between the source metastasis and models identified 34 of 80 somatic SNVs to be propagated in the models. Clonal reconstruction using the combined copy number and SNV data revealed marked clonal heterogeneity in the originating metastasis, with four clones being reflected in the model systems. The set of OHC-NB1 models represents 43% of somatic SNVs and 23% of the cellularity in the originating metastasis with varying clonal compositions, indicating that heterogeneity is partially preserved in our model system.