输尿管镜钬激光治疗输尿管纤维上皮息肉14例报告

目的：探讨输尿管镜钬激光治疗输尿管纤维上皮息肉的有效性和安全性。方法：应用输尿管镜钬激光技术治疗输尿管纤维上皮息肉患者14例，其中上段息肉10例，中、下段息肉各2例，并发输尿管结石9例。结果：术后随访3个月，12例疗效满意，肾积水明显改善．保护了肾功能；1例发生输尿管狭窄．1例残留结石。结论：输尿管镜钬激光技术是治疗输尿管纤维上皮息肉安全、有效的方法，但远期疗效尚需进一步研究。     

复式脉冲低能量ESWL治疗肾结石769例报告

目的探讨复式脉冲HB-V型低能量体外冲击波碎石机治疗肾结石的治疗效果.方法采用复式脉冲HB-ESWL-VG型低能量碎石机治疗直径<2.0 cm的各类肾结石769例，治疗工作电压3～9 kV，平均冲击次数2 300次.结果肾盏结石总粉碎率为97.4%，其中上中盏结石复打率为13.1%，术后3个月排净率为89.4%，下盏结石复打率为17.3%，排净率为81.5%；肾盂结石粉碎率为98.3%，复打率为6.1%，术后3个月排净率为93.0%.结论复式脉冲低能量ESWL治疗肾结石具有治疗成功率高、复打率低、无严重并发症、副作用少之优点.     

High incidence of and risk factors for metachronous bilateral upper tract urothelial carcinoma in Taiwan

AIM: Urothelial carcinoma (UC) can occur multifocally in the whole urothelium. A higher rate of bilateral metachronous upper tract (UT) UC was noted in Taiwan. The incidence and risk factors were largely unknown and hence were explored in the study. METHODS: From January 1977 through June 2003, 462 patients with unilateral UT-UC were studied retrospectively. The cumulative incidence of contralateral recurrence was analysed with the Kaplan-Meier analysis. Potential risk factors for contralateral recurrence including age, smoking, bladder cancer, renal function, diagnostic year etc. were evaluated with the log-rank test. Independent risk factors were identified by using the Cox regression analysis. RESULTS: The median follow-up time was 34 months (6-337). Among the 462 patients, 52 (11.3%) developed metachronous contralateral UC. The 2, 5, and 10-year contralateral disease-free survivals were 93.5%, 84.0%, and 75.7%, respectively. The median time to contralateral recurrence was 31.0 months. With the univariate analysis, only poor renal function (serum creatinine < or > OR =2.0 mg/dL, P < 0.001) and late diagnostic year (before or after 1990, P < 0.001) were risk factors for contralateral recurrence. In the multivariate analysis, poor renal function (hazard ratio: 2.98; 95% confidence interval: 1.67-5.33; P < 0.001) and late diagnostic year (hazard ratio: 4.27; 95% confidence interval: 1.71-10.65; P = 0.002) remained independent risk factors. CONCLUSIONS: The incidence of metachronous UT-UC is high in Taiwan. Patients who had either chronic renal insufficiency or a disease diagnosed after 1990 had a higher risk of contralateral recurrence.     

妊娠中晚期合并输尿管结石的急诊腔内技术处理

目的探讨妊娠中晚期合并输尿管结石急诊腔内技术处理的安全性和有效性。方法1998年6月至2005年3月,对17例妊娠中晚期合并输尿管结石急症的患者行急诊腔内技术治疗。患者年龄21～35岁,平均27岁,孕周20～36周,平均29周。表现为肾绞痛反复发作11例,发热4例,急性梗阻性无尿2例。结石位于左侧5例、右侧10例、双侧2例；结石位于输尿管上段8例、中段5例、下段2例,双侧下段2例。结石大小6mm×7mm～13mm×21mm。患侧轻度肾积水6例,中度11例。行经尿道输尿管镜下气压弹道碎石14例；输尿管上段结石推至肾盂1例；因无法进镜而单纯留置双J管2例。结果17例患者的肾绞痛、发热等症状经治疗后完全消失。结石一次取净者14例(82.4%)。残留结石者3例,留置双J管至分娩后,其中1例每3个月更换双J管。未发生先兆流产或早产等情况,无输尿管穿孔及其他并发症。留置双J管后出现排尿后腰部不适1例,3d后缓解；术后肉眼血尿1例,6d后自行消失。17例均顺利生产,婴儿健康。结论经尿道输尿管镜腔内技术治疗妊娠中晚期合并输尿管结石急性发作安全、有效。     

APPRAISAL OF SURGICAL AND ENDOSCOPIC MANAGEMENT OF CHOLEDOCHOLITHIASIS

One hundred and ten patients with common bile duct (CBD) stones were treated in the Department of Surgical Gastroenterology at SGPGIMS, Lucknow, India between January 1989 and December 1992. The primary modality of treatment was surgery in 62 patients (group I) and endoscopic sphincterotomy (ES) in 48 (group II). The two groups were well matched with respect to clinical features and presence of medical risk factors. Surgical clearance of CBD stones was achieved in 58 patients (93.5%; group Ia). Four patients (7%) had retained stones following surgery (group Ib). In group II, the CBD was cleared by endoscopic means in 20 out of 48 patients (42%) and was categorized into group IIa. In the remaining patients ES was followed by CBD exploration (group IIb). Significantly higher morbidity was seen in patients needing CBD surgery following attempted endoscopic clearance, because of ES-related complications, such as bleeding, cholangitis, septicaemia and numerous others. Use of ES to treat CBD stones on a routine basis was therefore not found to be any better than one-time surgical exploration.     

老年肝内外胆管结石的腹腔镜手术治疗

目的 :探讨老年肝内外胆管结石行腹腔镜手术的可行性、特点及围手术期处理。方法 :应用腹腔镜胆总管切开纤维胆道镜取石治疗老年性肝内外胆管结石 2 0例 ,显露肝门 ,切开胆总管 ,取石 ,胆总管均放置T形管引流。结果 :2 0例手术均获成功 ,1例术后肝内胆管残余结石 ,术后 6周经T管窦道纤维胆道镜取石治愈。 1例 16d拔T管后胆汁性腹膜炎 ,开腹引流治愈。结论 :老年性肝内外胆管结石腹腔镜手术 ,患者创伤小 ,安全 ,疗效满意。     

多层螺旋CT成像技术对输尿管微小结石的临床应用价值

目的 探讨多层螺旋CT（MSCT）在输尿管重建中显示输尿管结石的临床应用价值。资料与方法 实验组：27个取自患者的泌尿系结石，分别经设置不同扫描参数的单层螺旋CT（SSCT）和MSCT扫描。比较在设置不同扫描参数下SSCT和MSCT的结石检出率，检验不同扫描层厚与检出结石数的关系。临床组：35例腹部平片（KUB）阴性但临床高度怀疑输尿管结石患者均行B超和MSCT扫描及输尿管重建。输尿管重建方法有：曲面重建、最大密度投影和表面遮盖成像。结果 实验组MSCT 5mm和10mm层厚扫描，然后分别以0．62．5mm和1．25mm层厚重建所得的图像，其质量及其显示出的结石数与MSCT相应同等薄层扫描（0．625mm和1．25mm层厚扫描）所得的结果完全一致。临床组35例40个输尿管结石，B超发现23例25个，检出率为62．5％；MSCT薄层重建结合输尿管重建后结石检出率为100％。并能清楚显示结石位置、大小及输尿管梗阻扩张的程度及范围。结论 MSCT常规平扫结合薄层重建特别是CT尿路造影（CTU）可提高结石检出率及评价输尿管有元梗阻及其程度。必要时增强扫描可评价患侧肾功能。     

腹腔镜辅助体外输尿管切开取石术21例报告

目的:探讨腹腔镜辅助体外输尿管切开取石术治疗输尿管中上段结石的可行性。方法:经腹腔在腹腔镜下游离结石部位输尿管,延长结石体表投影处戳口1~2cm,通过戳口将结石部位输尿管提至腹壁外,行输尿管切开取石术。结果:21例手术均获成功。手术时间为28~65min,平均43min;术中出血量10~40ml,平均25ml;术后住院7~8d,平均7.3d;术中术后无并发症发生。19例随访2~12个月,平均5.5个月,经静脉肾盂造影或B超检查未见积水及结石复发。结论:腹腔镜辅助体外输尿管切开取石术结合了开腹手术与腹腔镜手术的优点,减少了手术创伤,缩短了手术时间,手术难度降低,术后患者康复快,效果满意。     

输尿管镜气压弹道碎石治疗输尿管结石110例

目的总结输尿管镜气压弹道碎石治疗输尿管结石的临床效果。方法采用F8/9.8 Wolf硬性输尿管镜、JUN—AIR气压弹道碎石机治疗110例输尿管结石。结果输尿管镜直视下一次碎石成功105例，成功率95．5％（105／110），1～6周内结石全部排净。2例因置镜失败改开放手术，3例输尿管上段结石上移至肾脏行ESWL2例，口服排石药物治疗1例。术后泌尿系感染5例，轻度肉眼血尿1～3d。结论输尿管镜气压弹道碎石是治疗输尿管中、下段结石的有效方法之一，具有碎石率高、安全、并发症少、操作简单的优点。