有机磷农药中毒解救及对过氧化脂、肾功能的影响

目的:探讨有机磷农药对过氧化脂质(Lpo)、肌酐(Cr)、尿素氮(Bun)的影响。方法采用敌百虫急性中毒模型,测定其中毒及解救过程中Lpo、Cr、Ache含量.结果有机磷农药中毒及注射阿托品解救后,Lpo明显增高,使用解磷定(Pam)30min后,Lpo明显降低;Lpo变化与Ache呈负相关性;Cr、Bun在中毒及解救中变化很小.结论有机磷农药中毒时Lpo有明显增高,Lpo变化与Ache呈负相关性.     

单向火箭免疫电泳测定大鼠血清载脂蛋白AI浓度

单向火箭免疫电泳测定大鼠血清载脂蛋白AI(Apo AI)浓度,操作简单,定量准确。待测样品采用9M脲致变性使抗原决定簇暴露,减少了样品处理时间,得到较好的测定结果。用此法测得雄性和雌性SD大鼠血清Apo AI浓度分别为45.76±6.0mg/dl(n=10)、60.60±9.4mg/dl(n=10)。批内CV为4％,批间CV为7％。正常大鼠注射胰岛素,血清Apo AI浓度明显降低。     

Dialysis dose and frequency.

BACKGROUND: From the beginning of the dialysis era, the issue of optimal dialysis dose and frequency has been a central topic in the delivery of dialysis treatment. METHODS: We undertook a discussion to achieve a consensus on key points relating to dialysis dose and frequency, focusing on the relationships with clinical and patient outcomes. RESULTS: Traditionally, dialysis adequacy has been quantified referring to the kinetics of urea, taken as a paradigm of all uraemic toxins, and applying the principles of pharmacokinetics using either single- or double-pool variable volume models. An index of dialysis dose is the fractional clearance of urea, which is commonly expressed as Kt/V. It can be calculated from blood urea concentration and haemodialysis (HD) parameters, according to the respective urea kinetic model or by means of simplified formulas. Similar principles are applicable to peritoneal dialysis (PD), where weekly Kt/V and creatinine clearance are used. Recommended minimal targets for dialysis adequacy have been defined by both American and European guidelines (DOQI and European Best Practice Guidelines, respectively). The question of how to improve the severe outcome of dialysis patients has recently come back to the fore, since the results of two recent randomized controlled trials led to the conclusion that, in thrice weekly HD and in PD, increasing the dialysis dose well above the minimum requirements of current American guidelines did not improve patient outcome. Daily HD (defined as a minimum of six HD sessions per week), in the form of either short daytime HD or long slow nocturnal HD, is regarded as a possibility to improve dialysis patient outcome. The results of the studies published so far indicate excellent results with respect to all outcomes analysed: optimal blood pressure control, regression of left ventricular hypertrophy and amelioration of left ventricular performance, improvement of renal anaemia, optimal hyperphosphataemia control, improvement of nutritional status, reduction in oxidative stress indices and improvement in quality of life. The basis for these beneficial effects is thought to be a more physiological clearance of solutes and water, with reduced pre- and post-HD solute concentrations and interdialytic oscillation, compared with traditional HD. Apart from concerns regarding reimbursement and organizational issues, no serious adverse effects have been described with daily HD. However, the evidence accumulated is limited mainly to retrospective cohorts, with small patient numbers and no adequate controls in most instances. Therefore, large prospective studies with adequate controls are required to make daily HD accepted by reimbursing authorities and patients. CONCLUSIONS: Given the available observational and interventional body of evidence, there is no reason to reduce arbitrarily dialysis dose, particularly dialysis treatment time in HD patients treated three times weekly. Daily HD represents a very promising tool for improving dialysis outcomes and quality of life, although its impact on patient survival has not yet been proven definitively.     

肠溶脲酶剂型的制备和口服治疗兔慢性肾衰竭试验

筛选适当的肠溶脲酶剂型,并观察其口服治疗兔慢性肾衰竭的疗效。包衣法制备的肠溶脲酶胶囊其酶活力的保留率远比有机相分离法、喷雾干燥法制备的肠溶脲酶微囊为佳。前者在4℃贮藏101天后酶活力无明显下降。口服酶胶襄治疗肾衰竭家兔的试验证实,其对体内血尿素氮含量的下降有良好的作用,用药组动物存活期明显延长,但对肌酐和电解质平衡则无明显的影响。     

Helicobacter pylori infection and motor fluctuations in patients with Parkinson's disease

To investigate whether Helicobacter pylori (HP) infection affects the clinical response to levodopa and whether its eradication could improve motor fluctuation in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD). Using the [¹³C] urea breath test, we monitored HP infection in 65 patients with PD and motor fluctuations of the “wearing‐off” or delayed “on” types, with or without dyskinesia. We compared the clinical features and response to L ‐dopa between HP noninfected (n = 30) and HP infected patients (n = 35) by reviewing home diaries kept for 72 hours. Among HP infected patients, we compared the differences in L ‐dopa “onset” time, “on‐time” duration, and scores on the motor examination section of the Unified PD Rating Scale (UPDRS‐III) during the medication “on” phase before and after HP eradication. There were no differences in the age, disease duration, Hoehn and Yahr stage, UPDRS‐III score, L ‐dopa daily dose, and frequency of dyskinesia between HP noninfected and HP infected groups. However, L ‐dopa “onset” time was longer and “on‐time” duration was shorter in HP infected patients than in HP noninfected patients (78.4 ± 28.2 vs. 56.7 ± 25.1 and 210.0 ± 75.7 vs. 257.7 ± 68.9 min, respectively, P < 0.05). HP eradication improved the delay L ‐dopa “onset” time and short “on‐time” duration (to 58.1 ± 25.6 and to 234.4 ± 66.5 min, respectively, P < 0.05). These data demonstrated that HP infection could interfere with the absorption of L ‐dopa and provoke motor fluctuations. HP eradication can improve the motor fluctuations of HP infected patients with PD. © 2008 Movement Disorder Society     

血液透析多功能监测系统BUN浓度实时分析及尿素动力学模型应用的研究

本文指出了血液透析多功能监测系统对于临床的重要性，并给出了总体设计方案。重点介绍了该系统ＢＵＮ实时监测模块的研制原理及透析过程尿素动力学模型的建立方法。临床应用证明，该项研究有较大的实用价值。     

富氧水对高原移居半年青年运动后肾功的影响

目的探讨在高原口服富氧水对移居半年青年运动后肾功的影响。方法在海拔3700 m选择10名已习服半年的健康男性青年,采用口服富氧水前(对照组)后(实验组)的自身对比运动负荷双盲实验。实验组口服富氧水,对照组口服5%葡萄糖注射液,每次500 ml,2次/d,连续服用3 d。运动结束后检测血中肌酐(CRE)、尿素氮(BUN)及尿酸(UA)在口服富氧水前后的变化。结果实验组较对照组CRE、BUN和UA均降低,有显著性差异(P<0.01)。结论富氧水可改善低氧环境下肾组织的损害,对高原低氧环境下的肾脏有保护作用。     

复方红景天对不同运动负荷量下小鼠物质代谢的影响

探讨复方红景天对小在不同负荷量运动后的物质代的影响。方法观察灌喂复方红景天后在不同负荷量运动后的一般生理指标，并检测血糖、血尿素氮等生化指标。结果：复方红景天对小鼠不同运动负荷休息１ｄ后的血糖无影响，但对大负荷量运动、小负荷量运动造成的血尿素氮升高明显的降低作用。     

中华猕猴桃的防癌作用 (四)浓缩猕猴桃汁阻断N-亚硝酰胺的体内合成——大鼠胚胎毒性实验

在妊娠第7、8、9天经口给孕鼠不同剂量的前体物亚硝酸钠(分别为0.125、0.25、0.50、1.00和2.00mmol/kgBW)和乙基脲(剂量是亚硝酸钠的二倍),同时给浓缩猕猴桃汁或4％淀粉液。不给猕猴桃汁的各组随前体物剂量增大,活胎率下降,吸收胎率逐渐增加,分别为5.21％,43.66％,71.70％,85.80％和100％。最高剂量组胚胎全部死亡,并有半数孕鼠中毒死亡。单给高剂量亚硝酸钠或乙基脲则不引起胚胎或孕鼠死亡。表明亚硝酸钠和乙基脲在大鼠体内合成N-亚硝基乙基脲,并通过胎盘引起胚胎死亡。前体物与胚胎毒性之间有明显的剂量反应关系。同时给孕鼠浓缩猕猴桃汁的各组在亚硝酸钠0.125-0.50mmol/kgBW者胚胎存活率无明显减少,仅最高剂量组活胎率明显减少,吸收胎率达58.6％,但无孕鼠中毒死亡。实验结果表明浓缩猕猴桃汁能明显阻断大鼠体内N-亚硝基乙基脲合成,预防所引起的胚胎毒性。