东亚和北美产红豆杉属七种植物中紫杉醇及短叶醇的含量

应用高效液相色谱分析了东亚产四种红豆杉和北美产三种红豆杉的紫杉醇和短叶醇含量。结果表明，短叶红豆杉树皮中紫杉醇含量最高，其次为中间红豆杉树皮；东亚产四种红豆杉枝叶中，云南红豆杉枝叶中紫杉醇含量较高，东北红豆杉和美丽红豆杉次之；短叶醇含量则以短叶红豆杉针叶最高，东北红豆杉及云南红豆杉次之。     

Defective natural killer cell activity and deficient production of interferon-γ in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia

Natural killer (NK) cell activity, OK-432-augmented-NK cell activity, concentrations of interferon-γ (IFN-γ) in the culture supernatants of lymphocytes stimulated with OK-432, and subsets of NK cells and memory T cells were analyzed in 42 children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) receiving maintenance chemotherapy. Natural killer and augmented-NK cell activities, and concentrations of IFN-γ in the supernatants of cultured lymphocytes, were significantly lower in the patients with ALL than in age-matched control children. Among the NK cell subsets, proportions of CD57⁺ cells in the patients with ALL were significantly higher than in the controls, and proportions of a memory T cell subset (CD4⁺ CD29⁺ T cells) in the patients were also significantly higher than in the controls. These results suggest that the function of NK cells and memory T cells that are considered as IFN-γ producing cells, may be defective in ALL, and that CD57⁺ cells and CD4⁺ CD29⁺ cells may be resistant to or recover rapidly from suppression by cytotoxic chemotherapy.     

Strength,workload, anaerobic intensity and the immune response to resistance exercise in women

Aim: The mechanism linking exercise intensity to the magnitude of the immune response is not completely understood. The purpose of this investigation was to determine whether the immune response to resistance exercise was associated with (1) changes in workload or (2) anaerobic exercise intensity. Methods: Previously untrained women underwent 6 months of resistance training for lower and upper body (TOTAL, n = 34) or for upper body alone (UPPER, n = 30). Lymphocyte subsets [T (CD3+), CD4+, CD8+, NK and B], functional markers (CD45RA+ and CD45RO+), and mitogen (phytohemagglutinin‐M, concanavalin A and pokeweed mitogen) and superantigen (staphylococcus a. cowans)‐stimulated proliferation were measured from blood samples collected pre‐ and post‐exercise for a squat resistance exercise consisting of six sets of 10 repetitions at 75% of one repetition maximum. This protocol was performed before (T0) and after 3 (T3) and 6 months (T6) of training. Results: Lymphocyte recruitment to the circulation and proliferation following resistance exercise did not differ between training groups at any time, although the TOTAL group performed at a higher workload as training progressed. With respect to anaerobic intensity, exercise‐induced increases in NK, CD4+, CD8+ and B lymphocyte concentrations were 42 (P = 0.07), 76 (P < 0.05), 72 (P < 0.05) and 242% (P < 0.01) greater in women in the highest compared with the lowest post‐exercise lactate quartiles. Lymphocyte proliferation did not differ between lactate quartiles. Conclusions: Anaerobic intensity, rather than increased strength and workload, is associated with the number of lymphocytes recruited to the circulation, but not T and B cell proliferation responses.     

息痛颗粒对正常大鼠自然戒断症状观察

目的 :了解息痛颗粒是否具有药物依赖性。方法 :以息痛颗粒 (30、15、1g·kg- 1 ·d- 1 )三个剂量分别对大鼠灌胃给药 ,连续 2 8d。盐酸吗啡以剂量递增法对大鼠皮下注射作阳性对照。停药后观察有无戒断症状及体重变化。结果 :息痛颗粒各组戒断症状及体重变化均不明显 ,吗啡组戒断症状明显 ,体重明显下降 ,息痛颗粒各组与吗啡组相比戒断症状分值有显著差异 (P<0 .0 1)。结论 :息痛颗粒无药物依赖性。     

小鼠急性弓形虫感染后细胞介导免疫的研究

在抗弓形虫感染的免疫应答中，细胞免疫起着主导作用，弓形虫感染后是否发病主要取决于宿主的免疫功能。小鼠急性ＲＨ株弓形虫感染后第６天，腹腔巨噬细胞对白色念珠菌的吞噬率和吞噬指数以及脾细胞受刀豆蛋白Ａ（ＣｏｎＡ）刺激后所产生的白细胞介素２（ＩＬ－２）均低于对照组（Ｐ＜０．０５），而脾天然杀伤（ＮＫ）细胞活性较对照组轻度升高（Ｐ＜０．０５），感染后同时接受磺胺嘧啶或蒿甲醚治疗的小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞吞噬率和吞噬指数及脾细胞的ＩＬ－２产生与对照组相比，差异无显著性（Ｐ＞０．０５），脾ＮＫ细胞活性较对照组明显升高（Ｐ＜０．０１），而且高于感染组（Ｐ＜０．０５）。实验结果表明，急性弓形虫感染小鼠具有细胞介导的免疫功能异常，并存在弓形虫急性感染诱导的免疫抑制，有效的抗虫治疗有助于免疫抑制状态的改善。     

Long-bone critical-size defects treated with tissue-engineered grafts: a study on sheep.

Standardized particulate bone constructs, obtained by expanding autologous mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) onto coral granules in vitro, were transplanted into long-bone, critical-size defects in sheep. Control experiments were also performed in which autologous bone grafts were implanted. Defect cavities were lined with a preformed vascularized membrane (induced by temporarily inserting a cement spacer for 6 weeks prior to bone construct implantation), which served as a mold keeping the engineered bone granules in place. Radiographic, histological, and computed tomographic tests performed 6 months later showed that the osteogenic abilities of the engineered construct and autograft were significantly greater than those of coral scaffold alone. No significant differences were found between the amount of newly formed bone in defects filled with coral/MSCs and those filled with autograft, yet radiological scores differed significantly between the two groups (21% and 100% healed cortices, respectively). The present study on a clinically relevant animal model provides the first evidence that standardized particulate bone constructs can be used to repair large bone defects and that their osteogenic ability approaches that of bone autograft, the bone repair benchmark. By proving feasibility, the present study makes possible the treatment of segmental bone losses with bone constructs engineered from granules, a process which is much simpler than preparing customized massive constructs using computer-assisted techniques. Important parameters, such as the rate of scaffold resorption and the number of MSCs to be seeded on the scaffolds, need to be optimized before reaching pertinent definitive conclusions.     

Antitumor effect of simultaneous transfer of interleukin-12 and interleukin-18 genes and its mechanism in a mouse bladder cancer model

BACKGROUND: The objectives of this study were to evaluate the antitumor effects of the simultaneous introduction of interleukin 12 (IL-12) and IL-18 genes into a mouse bladder cancer cell line (MBT2). We intended to compare these with those of either gene alone and to investigate the mechanism of the effects induced by the transfer of IL-12 and/or IL-18 genes in this model system. METHODS: We transfected the IL-12 and/or IL-18 genes into MBT2 cells by the liposome-mediated gene transfer method. We confirmed the secretion of IL-12 and/or IL-18 by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Parental (MBT2/P), IL-12-transfected (MBT2/IL-12), IL-18-transfected (MBT2/IL-18) or both IL-12- and IL-18-transfected (MBT2/Both) cells were subcutaneously or intravenously injected into syngeneic C3H mice. To analyze the mechanism of tumor rejection, these clones were subcutaneously injected into naive nude mice and those depleted with natural killer (NK) cells by antibody. RESULTS: MBT2/IL-12, MBT2/IL-18 and MBT2/Both were completely rejected when they were injected subcutaneously or intravenously into syngeneic mice. However, MBT2/IL-12, but not MBT2/IL-18, could grow in nude mice. Moreover, the antitumor effect of MBT2/IL-18 was partially abrogated when injected into nude mice of which NK cells were depleted by antibody treatment. MBT2/Both was completely rejected in both nude mice with and without NK cells. CONCLUSION: The results of the present study indicate that T cells and NK cells seem to play important roles in the antitumor effects by the secretion of IL-12 and IL-18, respectively, and MBT2/Both possesses both mechanisms.     

Dose-response studies with co-dergocrine mesylate under hypoxia utilizing EEG mapping and psychometry

In a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, human brain function and mental performance were studied under two different degrees of hypoxia after administration of two different doses (6 mg and 9 mg) of co-dergocrine mesylate (CDM) utilizing blood gas analysis, EEG mapping and psychometry. Hypoxic hypoxidosis (i.e. impairment of cerebral metabolism due to hypoxia) was experimentally induced by a fixed gas combination of 9.8% oxygen (O₂) and 90.2% nitrogen (N₂) (found in 6000 m altitude), and of 8.6% O₂, 91.4% N₂ (found in 7000 m altitude), which was inhaled for 23 min under normobaric conditions by 18 healthy volunteers. They received randomized after an adaptation session placebo, 6 mg and 9 mg co-dergocrine mesylate (CDM). Evaluation of blood gases, brain mapping and psychometry was carried out at 0, 2, 4, 6, 8 h after oral drug administration. Blood gas analysis demonstrated a drop in PO₂ to 42 and 32 mm Hg 23 min after inhalation of the 9.8% and 8.6% gas mixture, respectively, PCO₂ decreased to 32 and 31 mm Hg, pH increased to 7.46 and 7.47 and base excess increased to 0.50 and 0.90 nmol/l, respectively. EEG mapping demonstrated an increase in delta and decrease of alpha power and a slowing of the centroid over almost the whole brain. 6 mg and slightly less so 9 mg CDM attenuated this deterioration of vigilance (i.e. dynamic state of the neuronal network determining adaptive behavior). At the behavioral level, moderate hypoxia induced a deterioration of noopsychic performance, which was mitigated by 6 mg, but not by 9 mg CDM. A deepening of the hypoxia resulted in a loss of these brain protective effects of both doses. Decrement of the thymopsyche increased after both doses in the moderate hypoxic condition, while under marked hypoxia 6 mg CDM attenuated and 9 mg aggravated this deterioration. Time-wise, brain protective effects reached the level of statistical difference between the 2nd and the 6th hour. Somatic complaints like feeling dazed, giddiness and headache were mitigated dose dependently by CDM in the moderate, but not in the marked hypoxic hypoxidosis.     

河北省鼠疫自然疫源地内啮齿动物种类及其分布的调查

目的 :了解我省鼠疫自然疫源地内啮齿动物及其他有关动物的种类、构成与分布。方法 :主要宿主动物调查采用在不同生境随机抽取样方 ,按洞布夹的方法 ;小型鼠调查在不同生境采用 5m夹线法 ;家鼠调查在农村居民住房中布放板夹。结果 :共发现啮齿目动物 4科 9属 13种 ,兔形目动物 2种 ,食肉目动物 3种 ,食虫目动物 1种。结论 :长爪沙鼠占捕鼠总数的 5 8.9% ,为主要宿主动物 ,分布广泛 ,数量较为稳定