The compartment model for chronically implanted voltammetric electrodes in the rat brain

Diazepam (0.4-0.8 mg/kg i.p.) reduced the spontaneous activity in the electromyogram (EMG) recorded from the gastrocnemius-soleus muscle of spastic mutant Han--Wistar rats in a dose-dependent manner. The depressant effect of diazepam (0.8 mg/kg) on the EMG activity was antagonized by Ro 15-1788 (5 mg/kg i.p.) and by picrotoxin (2 mg/kg i.p.), but not by bicuculline (2 mg/kg i.p.). These results suggest that diazepam depresses EMG activity of mutant rats by mechanisms related to the interaction of the drug with GABA-independent benzodiazepine receptors.     

临床营养专科护士培训实践与成效

目的 探讨临床营养专科护士培训实践方法,为国内临床营养专科护士的培养提供参考.方法 基于临床营养专科护士核心能力构建培训体系,对115名学员采用理论授课(4周)与临床实践(8周)相结合方式分阶段进行培训.结果 学员总成绩(90.69±2.28)分;学员对培训的总体满意度为98.26％.结论 临床营养专科护士培训可提高专科护士营养相关知识和技能,促进专科护士持续成长.     

社区戒烟干预理论概述

通过对近几十年国内外以社区为基础开展戒烟干预研究的文献进行分析汇总,介绍根据不同理论框架开发的戒烟措施在社区应用的效果。针对中国严峻的烟草流行形势和现有戒烟服务的不足,探讨其在降低中国人群吸烟率中的应用前景,以期为国内开展社区戒烟干预研究的理论框架和实践应用提供参考。     

Anhedonia,positive affect dysregulation,and risk and maintenance of binge-eating disorder

Low positive affect has been identified as an antecedent of binge-eating episodes among individuals with binge-eating disorder (BED), yet positive affect has received far less attention in eating disorders research than its counterpart, negative affect. In this article, we argue that the low levels of positive affect which occur with anhedonia (i.e., loss of interest or pleasure in activities) may contribute to the onset and maintenance of BED. We introduce a theoretical model in which anhedonia increases the risk for BED through its interrelationships with dysregulated eating and weight gain, and we describe potential direct (e.g., reward-related processes) as well as indirect (e.g., influences on depressive symptoms and physical activity) pathways by which anhedonia may lead to adverse eating- and weight-related outcomes. We also propose a momentary maintenance model in which low positive affect and positive affect dysregulation occurring with anhedonia maintain binge eating directly and indirectly through maladaptive health behaviors, such as decreased physical activity, less healthy eating, and fewer social interactions, which in turn maintain anhedonia. We draw upon outside literature to present evidence that aligns with the proposed risk and maintenance models and conclude by outlining avenues for future research—including methodological/measurement, theoretical, and clinical research directions.     

Development of a composite indicator to prioritize districts for implementation of human immunodeficiency virus programmes in Maharashtra,India

A key recommendation of the National AIDS Control Programme‐IV of India was to develop new strategies for geo‐prioritization of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) epidemic. We conducted this study to categorize the districts in Maharashtra (India) based on a multidimensional framework for geo‐prioritization of services. Programmatic data on trends of HIV prevalence, coverage of marginalized populations and vulnerability factors were included. A composite indicator based on these was developed, and the cumulative score was calculated for each district. HIV prevalence among general population has declined steadily from 0.60% in 2007 to 0.33% in 2017. The programme coverage was stable but inadequate for men who have sex with men (MSM). The coverage for female sex workers (FSWs) was inadequate and reduced over time. Nine districts were categorized as high priority, 13 as moderate priority and 11 were classified as low‐priority districts based on burden and vulnerability for HIV. The high‐priority districts were Pune, Solapur and Yavatmal for FSW interventions and Pune, Thane and Latur for MSM interventions. This multidimensional indicator is based on existing programmatic data, dynamic and can be made state‐specific. It is useful to categorize and prioritize districts for allocation of resources and geo‐prioritization of services in resource limited settings.     

A spectral framework for sperm shape characterization

A novel methodology for characterization of animal sperm shape involving the use of a spectral approach to multiscale curvature estimation is proposed. By using the derivative property of the Fourier transform, allied to Gaussian smoothing, accurate estimates of the curvature along the sperm contour can be obtained in such a way that the curvature peaks corresponding to the sperm head vertices can be effectively identified. The measurements derived from such a processing, namely the width of the basal region of the head, the centralization of tail implantation, and the multiscale bending energy, provide valuable resources for fertility and phylogenetic studies.     

补阴法与延缓衰老

在古今学者对补阴法及衰老认识基础上,提出“阴虚乃衰老之本”的观点,根据补阴法功能及衰老机制对补阴法延缓衰老的作用进行了探讨,并借鉴已有阴虚证动物模型,进行了部分免疫学实验研究。结果提示：阴虚是衰老的基本机制,补阴法有延缓衰老的作用。补阴法可用于防治老年病及延年益寿。     

Headache and family history

In two headache questionnaire surveys we inquired about the occurrence of headache in the mothers, fathers, siblings and children of the respondents. In total, 633 people completed valid questionnaires, 260 in the first survey and 373 in the second. The hypothesis was that familial headache occurrence would be positively associated with headache frequency. In each survey, the regression of headache frequency on the number of parents having headache was highly significant. Neither sex nor the sibling and children variables were significant predictors. In the cross-tabulations of the parental occurrence of headache with headache frequency we saw a clear "break-point" between the "no headache" and the headache frequency categories studied. For the final analyses the dichotomy "headache/no headache" was related in fourfold tables to headache occurrence in the father and the mother separately, and to the number of headache parents. The positive associations were not simply due to the large number of migraine cases since they remained after removing the migraineurs.     

浅析《内经》七情学说

《内经》非常重视七情对人体的影响；深入探讨《内经》七情学说，对情志所致疾病的预防和治疗具有重要的现实意义。本文从七情的生理基础、致病特点、治疗、养生等方面开展研究，并针对其面临的困境进行评述。     

慢性前列腺炎辨治思路探讨

提出了慢性前列腺炎的病机和病理特点及辨证施治要求 ,审证求因的治疗 ,并论述了用药特点及规律 ,强调情志因素对疾病疗效的影响及综合治疗的重要性