A surgical ink-well

Summary A new design of ink container is presented for use in incision planning. It is stable, only a small amount of ink is necessary. It can also be used to trace the areola in breast surgery.     

Effect of Solution Phase Composition on the Interaction Between Aqueous Model Solutes and Polymeric Container Materials

The interaction between several marker solutes and a polyolefin laminate polymer was studied in several solutions. Solutions studied included mixtures of sodium chloride and dextrose (at concentrations more less typical of iv administration solutions) and several actual iv products [lactated Ringer's injection, Dianeal, Travasol (amino acid) injection, and alcohol/dextrose injection]. The interaction properties of the candidate container material correlated well with the solute's octanol–water partition coefficient. For nonionic species, the magnitude of the container/solution interaction was independent of solution phase composition. For the ionic test solute, solution pH, which impacts the speciation of the solute, was the only solution composition variable that significantly influenced the interaction. Thus water (or a weak buffer solution) is suggested as an appropriate model solvent for use in container compatibility evaluations involving iv-related products.     

豆腐制硫黄过程中所产生的黑色物质成因初探

探讨了硫黄炮制过程中豆腐显黑绿色的原因,还对炮制过程中产生的使豆腐显黑绿色的物质进行了X衍射物相分析和化学定性分析,在此基础上对硫黄的炮制工艺、炮制容器等问题进行了讨论。     

在药品申报中关于包装系统研究内容的探讨

通过分析药品包装系统的作用和我国药用包装材料的管理状况,探讨在药品通用技术文件格式申报中需提供的相关研究内容,及药品研发过程中根据风险程度对包装材料和药品进行相容性研究。     

2009年深圳市龙岗区蚊类监测报告

目的对龙岗区蚊虫种群和密度进行监测,为深圳大运会期间有效控制蚊媒传播疾病奠定基础。方法 2009年3-12月,在龙岗区10个街道中,每月中旬布放诱蚊灯,对医院、绿化地和居民区等环境进行成蚊密度监测。结果龙岗区10个街道共布放诱蚊灯98个,诱蚊诱卵器600个,入户调查369户,检测室内外容器730个,监测到3属6种1082只成蚊,平均成蚊密度为1.4只/h。其中,致倦库蚊为优势蚊种(71.3%),容器指数为25.8,布雷图指数达50.7。结论龙岗区蚊虫密度及布雷图指数大大超过国家标准,提示有蚊媒传播疾病如登革热、乙型脑炎等流行的可能。     

经汕头口岸进口旧塑料食品容器卫生状况调查报告

本文报告了对进口旧塑料食品容器20批卫生状况调查结果。发现一般卫生状况较差17批,占85％;细菌学检验中细菌总数超标20批;检出大肠菌群11批,检出率为55％。提示对此类进口旧塑料食品容器应加强卫生监督及卫生处理。     

对入出境集装箱实施全面卫生管理探讨

集装箱是现代较先进的运输设备,它的出现对加速货物的运转和提高运输质量起了很大的作用。国境卫生检疫机关既要做到依法把关,防止检疫传染病通过集装箱从国外传入或从国内传出,保护人体健康,又要不影响运输,方便货主。对入、出境集装箱实施全面卫生管理有关问题概述如下:     

脑脊液贮存器的设计与研制

脑脊液贮存器是贮存药物的装置 ,可藉助于外科手术将脑室导管理藏于脑室内。这种安全可靠的装置为神经外科医生提供颅内用药和重建脑脊液的循环道路     

Lipid Injectable Emulsions: Pharmacopeial and Safety Issues

Abstract Lipid injectable emulsions have been routinely used in patients worldwide for over 40 years as a nutritional supplement in patients requiring parenteral nutrition. They can be given as a separate infusion or added into total parenteral nutrition admixtures. Despite such broad use, no pharmacopeial standards exist with respect to the optimal pharmaceutical characteristics of the formulation. Several attempts to establish standard physical and chemical attributes have been attempted by various pharmacopeias around the world, but without success largely due to technical issues regarding the creation of globule size limits. Recently, the United States Pharmacopeia has revised its previous efforts and developed two methods and criteria (under Chapter <729>) to measure the mean droplet size (Method I), and the large-diameter tail > 5 μm (Method II) of the globule size distribution to verify the stability of lipid injectable emulsions. Importantly, it is the latter size limits of Method II that have the greatest implications for infusion safety. The major safety issues involving lipid injectable emulsions include impairments in plasma clearance in susceptible patients, and the infusion of an unstable emulsion containing large quantities of potentially embolic fat globules. Recent animal studies investigating the toxicity from the infusion of unstable lipid injectable emulsions have shown evidence of oxidative stress and tissue damage to the liver when recommended globule size limits determined by Method II of the USP are exceeded. Adoption of Chapter <729> of the USP seems appropriate at this time.Dr. Driscoll is a Consultant and/or Researcher in the area of lipids for AstraZeneca, B. Braun, Biolink and Hospira companies.     

Exposure sources and their relative contributions to urinary phthalate metabolites among children in Taiwan

Phthalate exposure is omnipresent and known to have developmental and reproductive effects in children. The aim of this study was to determine the phthalate exposure sources and their relative contributions among children in Taiwan. During the first wave of the Risk Assessment of Phthalate Incident in Taiwan (RAPIT), in 2012, we measured 8 urinary phthalate metabolites in 226 children aged 1–11 years old and in 181 children from the same cohort for the wave 2 study in 2014. A two-stage statistical analysis approach was adopted. First, a stepwise regression model was used to screen 80 questions that explored the exposure frequency and lifestyle for potential associations. Second, the remaining questions with positive regression coefficients were grouped into the following 6 exposure categories: plastic container/packaging, food, indoor environment, personal care products, toys, and eating out. A mixed model was then applied to assess the relative contributions of these categories for each metabolite. The use of plastic container or food packaging were dominant exposure sources for mono-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (MEHP), mono-2-ethyl-5-hydroxyhexyl phthalate (MEHHP), mono-2-ethyl-5-oxohexyl phthalate (MEOHP), and mono-n-butyl phthalate (MnBP). The indoor environment was a major exposure source of mono-methyl phthalate (MMP), mono-benzyl phthalate (MBzP), and mono-isobutyl phthalate (MiBP). The consumption of seafood showed a significant correlation with MEHP. The children's modified dietary behavior and improved living environment in the second study wave were associated with lower phthalate metabolite levels, showing that phthalate exposures can be effectively reduced.