Comparison of the effect of intravenous ketoprofen, ketorolac and diclofenac on platelet function in volunteers

Background : Nonsteroidal anti–inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) inhibit prostaglandin synthesis which may result in impaired platelet function. Because NSAIDs have different abilities to inhibit cyclo–oxygenases we compared the effect of intravenous ketoprofen, ketorolac and diclofenac on platelet function in volunteers. Methods : Ten healthy male volunteers were given ketoprofen 1.4 mg kg^-1, ketorolac 0.4 mg kg^-1 and diclofenac 1.1 mg kg^-1 in saline i.v. on three different occasions, at more than one–week intervals, in a randomized double–blind crossover study. Platelet function was evaluated before (sample 0), 2 (sample 2) and 24 h (sample 3) after the beginning of the infusion. Results : Two of the volunteers had no secondary platelet aggregation in their aggregation curves before the experiment (sample 0, studied three times) and their results were excluded from the final analysis. Diclofenac inhibited adrenaline (0.9 μg–ml^-1) induced platelet aggregation less (median maximal aggregation 22.5%) than ketoprofen (18.3%) and ketorolac (15.7%) (P<0.05) in sample 2. In the ketorolac group in sample 3 an impairment of adrenaline (0.9 ng ml^-1) induced platelet aggregation was still seen (26.7%) (P<0.05) but not in the other groups. Diclofenac did not affect adenosine diphosphate (ADP) induced platelet aggregation. However, ketorolac caused an impairment in ADP (3 μM and 6 μM) induced platelet aggregation and ketoprofen in ADP (6 μM) induced platelet aggregation in sample 2. Bleeding time was prolonged (P<0.05) after ketoprofen and ketorolac (sample 2) but not after diclofenac. Platelet retention on glass beads was unaffected by the tested drugs. Conclusion : Ketoprofen, ketorolac and diclofenac caused a reversible platelet dysfunction. Diclofenac had the mildest effect, while platelet dysfunction was still seen 24 h after the beginning of ketorolac.     

血清可溶性白细胞介素2受体和T细胞亚群在单纯性肾病综合征患儿发病中作用的探讨

本文对26例儿童单纯性肾病综合征患者血清可溶性白细胞介素2受体（SIL-2R）及T细胞亚群进行研究。结果表明肾病活动期SIL-2R值升高（均值为895±245U／ml），CD_4~+／CD_8~+比值降低（P＜0.01），而肾病缓解期SIL-2R（均值为494±127U／ml）及CD_4~+／CD_8~+比值恢复正常，将SIL-2R值与CD_4~+／CD_8~+比值进行相关分析，发现两者呈负相关（r=-0.61，P＜0.05）。提示SIL-2R水平的升高及T细胞亚群的紊乱在儿童单纯性肾病发病机制中起到重要的作用。     

Elevated serum levels of the apoptosis related molecules TNF-α, Fas/Apo-1 and Bcl-2 in oral lichen planus

BACKGROUND: The serum circulatory levels of apoptosis related molecules measured in patients with oral lichen planus (OLP) and healthy individuals in order to investigate possible alterations associated with the clinical forms of OLP. METHODS: Serum levels of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, soluble Fas (sFas) and Bcl-2 studied by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in whole blood samples in 13 OLP reticular, 13 OLP atrophic-erosive form patients and 26 healthy subjects. RESULTS: Significantly elevated levels of TNF-alpha and sFas detected in OLP patients as compared with controls. Serum concentrations of Bcl-2 although increased in 17/26 patients, they were not statistically significant. Reticular OLP exhibited slightly elevated TNF-alpha and significantly elevated Bcl-2 serum levels, compared with erosive OLP. CONCLUSIONS: These data suggest that a putative dysfunction in the Fas/FasL mediated apoptosis might be involved in the OLP pathogenesis. A downregulation of Bcl-2 serum levels in the atrophic-erosive OLP may be associated with promotion of the disease activity.     

Preparation and evaluation of temperature sensitive liposomes containing adriamycin and cytarabine

Temperature sensitive liposomes (TSL) containing adriamycin (ADM) and cytarabine (Ara-C) were prepared. ADM and Ara-C were selected as model compounds of amphiphilic and hydrophilic drug, respectively. Encapsulation efficiency of ADM entrapped into TSL was about twice greater than that of Ara-C. It might be due to different polarity of the drugs. Lipid compositions of TSL had no effect on the encapsulation efficiency of drugs. Thermal behavior of TSL using a differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) was also investigated. Phase transition temperature (T_c) of TSL was dependent on the lipid compositions of TSL.ADM broadened thermogram of TSL but Ara-C did not. However, T_c of TSL was not changed by any drug. Release rate of drugs was highly dependent on temperature. The release profile of ADM was similar to that of Ara-C. The maximum release rate of drugs from TSL was occurred at the near T_c and observed at 39–41°C for DPPC (Dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine) only, 52–54°C for DSPC (Distearoylphosphatidylcholine) only, 41–43°C for DPPC and DSPC (3∶1), and 43–45°C for DPPC and DSPC (1∶1), respectively. Effect of human serum albumin (HSA) on the release rate of ADM was investigated. HSA had no significant effect on the release of ADM below T_c. However, ADM release from TSL was increased at the near and above T_c. The HSA-induced leakage of drug may result from the interaction of liposomal constituents with HSA structure at the near T_c. From the fact that the release profiles of ADM from freshly prepared TSL and stored TSL for 1 week at 4°C was not changed, the TSL was considered to be stable for at least 1 week at 4°C. Based on these findings, TSL may be useful to deliver drugs to preheated target sites due to its thermal behaviors.     

二硫化碳对大鼠胚胎发育及血清锌和铜含量影响的研究

本文观察了CS_2对大鼠胚胎发育及血清锌、铜含量的影响。发现胚胎着床前死亡率升高,胎鼠皮下出血、心包淤血及骨骼骨化不金的发生率增高。但无明显的致畸效应。14.1及103.9ng/m~3的CS_2对妊娠大鼠的血清锌、铜含量无明显影响。说明CS_2对大鼠的胚胎毒性与其对妊娠大鼠血清锌、铜含量的影响之间没有关联。     

饮水锶对大鼠骨骼生长发育影响的实验研究

研究了高锶饮水对大鼠骨骼生长发育的影响。结果表明，饮水中锶浓度为５～５００ｍｇ／Ｌ达１２周可引起Ｗｉｓｔａｒ大鼠血清、尿、股骨、颌骨和牙齿中锶含量增高，呈明显的剂量－反应关系。同时，锶还可使骨骼钙含量降低，牙齿钙含量和骨骼的骨密度增高，以及除第１２周雌性大鼠外血清钙水平下降。尚未发现锶对动物体重、体长、血清ＡＫＰ活性、尿钙水平以及股骨弯曲断裂载荷的影响。然而，锶对动物骨骼生长发育影响性别之间存在差异，如在第１２周染锶组雄性大鼠血清钙含量降低，而雌性大鼠升高；在第４周和第８周时，仅雄性大鼠尿Ｈｏｐ／Ｃｒ比值增高，而雌性大鼠维持于正常水平；Ｓｒ２＋还使雄性大鼠颌骨骨密度增加，而雌性大鼠股骨骨密度增加。上述改变提示可能是动物性别之间在内分泌调节和代谢过程上不同的结果。     

中枢神经系统白血病血清神经元特异性烯醇酶测定的临床意义

目的 探讨血清神经元特异性烯醇酶与中枢神经系统白血病之间的关系。方法 对确诊的30例急性白血病患者及匹配的正常人的血清神经元特异性烯醇酶进行测定。结果 中枢神经系统白血病组血清神经元特异性烯醇酶含量21．92 7．5μg/L均明显高于白血病组、对照组，差异有显著性。结论 血清神经元特异性烯醇酶可作为反映中枢神经系统白血病病情的生化指标。     

灵芝多糖对小鼠糖耐量的影响

目的 :探讨灵芝多糖对正常和糖尿病小鼠糖耐量的影响。方法 :采用腹腔注射四氧嘧啶 (2 0 0 mg· kg- 1 )诱导小鼠造成糖尿病模型 ,分别观察单次给予 0 .5 g·kg- 1、1.5 g· kg- 1灵芝多糖后 ,正常和糖尿病小鼠糖耐量的改变。结果 :灵芝多糖 0 .5 g· kg- 1仅能显著降低糖尿病小鼠餐后 1h和 2 h血糖 ,而灵芝多糖 1.5 g·kg- 1对正常和糖尿病小鼠餐后 1h和 2 h血糖均有显著降低作用。结论 :灵芝多糖能改善正常和四氧嘧啶糖尿病小鼠糖耐量。     

不同婴儿食品铝含量的测定

本文应用原子吸收光谱法测定母乳、牛奶、奶粉及不同喂养方式婴儿血清中锌、铜、铁及铝含量。母乳中锌、铜、铁含量均较牛奶丰富，铝含量低于牛奶；奶粉中锌、铜、铁含量高于牛奶，与母乳无显著差异，铝含量高于牛奶。母乳、牛奶及奶粉喂养的贫血患儿血清铝含量无显著差异，均明显低于铝中毒的血清铝水平。     

胎牛和新生牛血清中异种抗体对人血型单克隆抗体特异性影响的研究

血型单克隆抗体含较高的浓度（２０％）的牛血清，牛血清中凝集人红细胞的异种抗体可能会影响血型单抗的特异性。通过检测胎牛和新生牛血清各４批，发现异种抗体具冷抗体性质，属于ＩｇＭ，且各有１批的血凝效价较高，但无明确特异性。木瓜酶、胰酶、神经氢酸酶及无花果酶均能增强血凝反应，且对Ａ型红细胞作用强于Ｂ型和Ｏ型红细胞。