Poor early growth and high salt intake in Indian infants

The influence of feeding patterns on the growth of infants and how salt is included in the diet are unknown in the area of West Bengal, India. A cross-sectional study was carried on 517 infants (median age 6.5 months). Negative Z-scores were observed for all anthropometric parameters. About 72.7% of infants aged 0–6 months received exclusive breastfeeding. In the 6–12-month-old group (n?=?235), 91.5% had salt added to foods. In a regression model adjusted for age, a low salt diet resulted a significant factor in increasing weight-for-length and BMI for age z-scores, with increments equal to 0.637 SD (p?=?0.037) and 0.650 SD (p?=?0.036), respectively.

In West Bengal infants showing poor growth, breastfeeding was associated with better anthropometric indexes, but early in life salt is added to their diet. Early life low weight coupled with high salt intake may be a risk factor for arterial hypertension in Indian children.     

The role of Ntcp,Oatp2, Bsep and Mrp2 in liver injury induced by Dioscorea bulbifera L. and Diosbulbin B in mice

Dioscorea bulbifera L. (DB) is a traditional Chinese herb used in thyroid disease and cancer. However, the clinical use of DB remains a challenge due to its hepatotoxicity, which is caused, in part, by the presence of Diosbulbin B (DIOB), a toxin commonly found in DB extracts. As abnormal expression of hepatobiliary transporters plays an important role in drug-induced liver injury, we assessed the hepatotoxicity induced by DB and DIOB, and explored their impacts on hepatobiliary transporter expression levels. Following liquid chromatography-tandem mass analysis of the DIOB content of DB extract, male ICR mice were randomly orally administered DB or DIOB for 14 days. Liver injury was assessed by histopathological and biochemical analysis of liver fuction. The levels of transporter protein and mRNA were determined by western blotting and real-time PCR. Liver function and histopathological analysis indicated that both DB and DIOB could induce liver injury in mice, and that DIOB might be the primary toxic compound in DB. Moreover, down-regulation of Mrp2 blocked the excretion of bilirubin, glutathione disulfide, and bile acids, leading to the accumulation of toxic substrates in the liver and a redox imbalance. We identified down-regulated expression of Mrp2 as potential factors linked to increased serum bilirubin levels and decreased levels of glutathione in the liver and increased liver injury severity. In summary, our study indicates that down-regulation of Mrp2 represents the primary mechanism of DB- and DIOB-induced hepatotoxicity, and provides insight into novel therapies that could be used to prevent DB- and DIOB-mediated liver injury.     

柯城区2011年居民户碘盐监测结果分析

目的:了解和掌握柯城区居民户食用盐中碘含量的情况,为消除碘缺乏病防治工作提供科学依据。方法:按照《全国碘盐监测方案(修订)》要求进行抽样,对居民户食用碘盐监测结果进行分析。结果:检测居民户碘盐288份,合格286份,碘盐合格率99.31%;非碘盐2份,非碘盐率0.69%。结论:柯城区居民户碘盐合格率99.31%,虽已达到标准要求,但仍应加强宣传教育和食用碘盐的监督监测工作,让居民正确使用碘盐。     

连云港市1995～2005年碘缺乏病防治10年效果评价

目的全面了解连云港市碘缺乏病防治状况,评价防治效果。方法按照《全国IDD防治监测方案》和《江苏省市、县消除碘缺乏病考核评审方案》,使用PPS法抽样,在全市范围内抽取1 000多名8~10岁学生进行甲状腺肿大率调查和尿碘含量检测,以及学生家庭食用盐进行碘含量测定,并抽取五年级学生和学校附近家庭主妇进行IDD知识问卷调查。结果碘盐覆盖率从1995年的59.10%上升到2005年的92.82%,甲状腺肿大率从1995年的43.78%下降到2005年的2.02%,尿碘中位数从1995年的71.25μg/L上升到2005年的170.40μg/L。结论综合病情和各项监测指标,我市推行"全民食用加碘盐防治碘缺乏病"措施10年后,达到了消除碘缺乏病的目标。     

安顺市5年碘缺乏病监测结果分析

目的了解安顺市2000年以来碘缺乏病防治进展和现状,分析2000-2004年全市碘缺乏病监测结果。方法随机抽样法调查小学生甲状腺肿情况,测定小学生尿碘,测定盐碘。结果安顺市8～10岁儿童甲状腺肿大率2004年为14.28%,高于2000、2001、2002、2003年(P<0.05)。居民碘盐食用率2004年为94.04%,加碘合格率为94.20%,高于前4年(P<0.01)。5年监测儿童尿碘中位数在219.08～384.34μg/L。结论现行碘盐基本适合安顺市人群,但8～10岁学生甲状腺肿大率仍处于较高水平。     

Rapid increase of bile salt secretion is associated with bile duct injury after human liver transplantation

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Biliary strictures are a serious cause of morbidity after liver transplantation. We have studied the role of altered bile composition as a mechanism of bile duct injury after human liver transplantation. METHODS: In 28 liver transplant recipients, bile samples were collected daily posttransplantation for determination of bile composition. Hepatic expression of bile transporters was studied before and after transplantation. Histopathological criteria as well as biliary concentrations of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and gamma-glutamyltransferase (gamma-GT) were used to quantify bile duct injury. RESULTS: Early after transplantation, bile salt secretion increased more rapidly than phospholipid secretion, resulting in high biliary bile salt/phospholipid ratio (BA/PL). In parallel with this, mRNA levels of the bile salt transporters NTCP and BSEP increased significantly after transplantation, whereas phospholipid translocator MDR3 mRNA levels remained unchanged. Bile duct injury correlated significantly with bile salt secretion and was associated with a high biliary BA/PL ratio. CONCLUSIONS: Bile salt secretion after human liver transplantation recovers more rapidly than phospholipid secretion. This results in cytotoxic bile formation and correlates with bile duct injury. These findings suggest that endogenous bile salts have a role in the pathogenesis of bile duct injury after liver transplantation.     

青岛泊子盐场放线菌多样性及其功能酶的筛选--测试文章

采用平板涂布法利用3种培养基从青岛即墨市田横镇泊子盐场盐池底泥样中共分离纯化出15株放线菌,对分离菌株进行16S rRNA基因测序分析。发现这15株放线菌分属于链霉菌属(Streptomyces)、拟诺卡氏菌属(Nocardiopsis)和1个新属,其中Streptomyces属为优势菌属;菌株CXB832与Nocardiopsis arabia DSM 45083^T和Haloactinospora albus DSM 45015^T最接近,同源性分别为95.4%和94.9%,根据其表型和分子特征可以初步判定该菌株为放线菌新属。培养基及培养温度对盐池环境中放线菌的分离效果均有影响,利用淀粉酪素培养基在37℃分离的放线菌种类和数量较多。在15株放线菌中,分别有12株、3株、2株和1株放线菌产淀粉酶、酯酶、蛋白酶和纤维素酶。     

Salt intake causes B-type natriuretic peptide elevation independently of blood pressure elevation in the general population without hypertension and heart disease

Excessive salt intake causes hypertension and cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) is synthesized and released from the ventricle, and is a surrogate marker reflecting various CVDs. Moreover, when a slight BNP elevation is shown, it leads to a poor prognosis in the general population. However, the relationship between salt intake and BNP levels in the general population remains unclear, especially in those without hypertension and heart diseases.In this study, we recruited 1404 participants without hypertension and electrocardiogram abnormalities, who received regular annual health check-ups in Japan. Plasma BNP levels were measured, and daily salt intake levels were evaluated using urinary samples. In addition, some clinical parameters were obtained, and the data were cross-sectionally analyzed.The median of plasma BNP levels was 10.50 pg/mL, and daily salt intake was 8.50 ± 1.85 g. When dividing participants into quartiles according to daily salt intake, those with the highest daily salt intake revealed the highest plasma BNP levels. Plasma BNP levels were significantly and positively associated with daily salt intake. Moreover, multiple linear regression analyses revealed that plasma BNP levels showed a significant positive association with daily salt intake levels after adjustments.Plasma BNP levels were significantly and positively associated with daily salt intake after adjustment in the general population. Plasma BNP levels may be a surrogate marker reflecting salt-induced heart diseases.