Effect of EMG Biofeedback and Progressive Muscle Relaxation Training on Awareness of Frontalis Muscle Tension

Awareness of muscle tension, as estimated by a modification of the Kinsman et al. (1975) procedure for determining probability of correct estimation (P(c)) of absolute differences in muscle tension between adjacent trials, was examined before and after volunteer subjects underwent 4 sessions of either: 1) EMG biofeedback (BF) training, 2) progressive muscle relaxation (PMR) training, or 3) a placebo-control (MC) procedure which involved listening to music as an alleged guide for relaxation. The subjects were 30 females (mean age = 28.3 yrs) responding to an offering of experimental treatment for anxiety and tension. Measurements of frontalis muscle tension (EMG) and P(c) were made before and after training. The results showed that EMG was significantly reduced by BF and PMR training but not by the MC procedure. Increases in P(c) after training were significantly greater for BF than for PMR or MC training. There were no group differences for subjective report of tension. Correlations between pre- to post-training EMG and P(c) change scores were significant only for the BF group and the combined group of BF and PMR subjects. These results suggest that: 1) both BF and PMR training were effective in producing frontalis EMG reductions, 2) the following relationship may exist among training groups in terms of relative influence upon awareness of tension—BF training > PMR training > MC training, and 3) awareness of tension appears to be related to the ability to reduce EMG although the exact nature of this relationship remains unclear.     

牦牛主动脉瓣叶的流变学性质

作者研究了牦牛主动脉瓣叶的单向拉伸和应力松弛行为。发现在生理应变范围内,试件的应力应变曲线斜率在纤维方向比其垂直方向约大20倍,瓣叶对应变速率不很敏感。在分析瓣叶的松弛行为时应用了冯元桢[9](1972)提出的松弛模型,根据实验结果,得到了牦牛主动脉瓣叶的归一化松弛函数。     

The dependence of the latency relaxation on temperature in single muscle fibres of the frog

The time course of the latency relaxation was studied at various temperatures in the range 0–26°C. Over the entire range the time of onset of the drop in tension, t₁, was independent of sarcomere length. At temperatures above 12–15°C the falling phase had a point of inflexion, while at lower temperatures there was an interval during which the tension fell at a constante rate. The time when the rate of drop in tension had passed its maximum value t_1,2, the time to the maximurn drop in tension t₂, and the time when the tension crossed the resting level t₃, all showed linear dependence on sarcomere length in the range from 2.1 to 2.7–3.4 μm. In this range the durations of the intervals t_1.2-t₁, t₂-t₁, and t₃-t₁ were nearly proportional to the distance from the Z-line to the end of the zone of overlap between the thick and the thin filaments. This could be explained as the activation being a longitudinal process starting from the Z-line. The slopes (dt/dS) of the linear portions of the time variables t_1,2, t₂, and t₃ in a time-sarcomere length (S) diagram all had the same dependence on temperature giving a Q₁₀ of 1.75. Under the assumption that the activation process followed a diffusion of calcium from the Z-line region to the zone of overlap a diffusion coefficient was estimated. At room temperature it had a magnitude of about 1/20 of that for calcium chloride in water. It had a dependence on temperature corresponding to an Arrhenius activation energy of about 37 kJ/mol which is about twice the activation energy for a simple diffusion of calcium in water. The results can be interpreted in terms of the time course of the latency relaxation mainly reflecting a longitudinal diffusion of calcium ions in the sarcoplasm.     

艾滋病患者渐进性肌肉放松训练配合心理干预的应用效果

目的 探讨渐进性肌肉放松训练配合心理干预对艾滋病患者服药依从性及心理状态的影响。方法 选择2017年8月—2020年8月于本院就诊的68例艾滋病患者,按随机数字表法分为对照组和观察组,每组34例。对照组实施常规护理干预,观察组在此基础上实施渐进性肌肉放松训练配合心理干预,比较两组服药依从性及医院焦虑抑郁量表(HospitalAnxietyand Depresseo Scale,HAD)评分。结果 观察组服药总依从率为97.06%,高于对照组的70.59%,(χ2=8.785,P=0.003);观察组干预2周后焦虑评分为(14.35±1.67)分、抑郁评分为(13.98±1.38)分,均低于对照组的(15.63±1.59)分、(15.08±1.27)分,(t=3.237、3.420,P=0.002、0.001)。结论 渐进性肌肉放松训练配合心理干预应用于艾滋病患者,能够提高患者服药依从性,改善患者心理状态。     

如何正确理解T_1T_2的不同

本文针对学生在学习核磁共振的过程中 ,在理解纵向弛豫时间T1和横向弛豫时间T2 时经常提出的疑问 ,建构两个物理模型 ,以便于学生能深刻理解T1、T2 的物理学 ,生物学意义 ,为读释图像 ,挖掘生物信息奠定更牢固的理论基础。     

Natural Convection Heat Transfer in a Porous Cavity with Sinusoidal Temperature Distribution Using Cu/Water Nanofluid: Double MRT Lattice Boltzmann Method

In this study, natural convection flow in a porous cavity with sinusoidal temperature distribution has been analyzed by a new double multi relaxation time (MRT) Lattice Boltzmann method (LBM). We consider a copper/water nanofluid filling a porous cavity. For simulating the temperature and flow fields, D2Q5 and D2Q9 lattices are utilized respectively, and the effects of different Darcy numbers (Da) (0.001-0.1) and various Rayleigh numbers (Ra) ($10^3$-$10^5$) for porosity ($ε$) between 0.4 and 0.9 have been considered. Phase deviation ($θ$) changed from 0 to $π$ and the volume fraction of nanoparticles (Ø) varied from 0 to 6%. The present results show a good agreement with the previous works, thus confirming the reliability the new numerical method proposed in this paper. It is indicated that the heat transfer rate increases at increasing Darcy number, porosity, Rayleigh number, the volume fraction of nanoparticles and phase deviation. However, the most sensitive parameter is the Rayleigh number. The maximum Nusselt deviation is 10%, 32% and 33% for Ra=$10^3$, $10^4$ and $10^5$, respectively, with $ε = 0.4$ to $ε = 0.9$. It can be concluded that the effect of Darcy number on the heat transfer rate increases at increasing Rayleigh number, yielding a maximum enhancement of the average Nusselt number around 12% and 61% for Ra=$10^3$ and Ra=$10^5$, respectively.     

大鼠颈总动脉与脑膜中动脉粘弹性测试

以生物力学的观点研究大鼠颈总动脉与脑膜中动脉应力松弛和蠕变粘弹性行为,为临床提供生物力学参数。对大鼠颈总动脉与脑膜中动脉进行拉伸应力松弛、蠕变实验。得出了颈总动脉与脑膜中动脉拉伸应力松弛、蠕变实验数据和曲线,以一元线性回归分析的方法处理实验数据,得出了大鼠颈总动脉与脑膜中动脉归一化应力松弛函数、蠕变函数数据和曲线及两组试样实验数据的回归系数c、d和ab、值。结果表明:脑膜中动脉应力松弛、蠕变7200s应力松弛量、蠕变量显著大于颈总动脉(P<0.05)。     

股骨上端松质骨拉伸应力松弛及蠕变的实验研究

目的研究正常国人新鲜尸体股骨上端松质骨的拉伸粘弹性力学性质,为临床提供生物力学参数。方法对股上端松质骨试样纵向进行拉伸应力松弛及蠕变实验。得到股骨上端松质骨纵向的应力松弛及蠕变数据和曲线。对实验数据进行归一化处理。结果分别用对数、指数一元回归分析的方法处理数据,得出了归一化应力松弛、归一化蠕变函数及曲线。结论股骨上端松质骨拉伸应力松弛7200s应力松弛量为0.422MPa,7200s蠕变量为0.784%。     

三种药物对早孕妇女宫颈松弛活性观察报告

将 2 31例早孕妇女人工流产术前随机分为四组 :A组 (n =5 2 )口服米非司酮 2 5mg ,每日 2次 ,共 4次 ;B组 (n =6 0 )米索前列醇 6 0 0 μg ,顿服 ;C组 (n =6 3)宫术安栓 0 4g纳肛 ;D组 (n =5 6 ,对照组 ,不用任何药物 )。用Hegar宫颈扩张器测试无阻力通过宫颈内口的最大直径 (X±S　mm) ,A、B、C、D组分别为 7 2 2± 0 71,7 11± 0 72 ,5 6 2± 0 74,4 6 3± 0 84。经统计学分析A、B组与C、D组有显著性差异 (P <0 0 0 1)。结果显示米非司酮和米索前列醇对早孕宫颈有较为肯定的松弛作用。     

Dependence of the Molecular Mobility and Protein Stability of Freeze-Dried γ-Globulin Formulations on the Molecular Weight of Dextran

Purpose. The effect of the molecular weight of dextran on the molecular mobility and protein stability of freeze-dried serum -globulin (BGG) formulations was studied. The stabilizing effect of higher molecular weight dextran is discussed in relation to the molecular mobility of the formulations. Methods. The molecular mobility of freeze-dried BGG formulations containing dextrans of various molecular weights was determined based on the free induction decay of dextran and water protons measured by proton NMR. The protein stability of the formulations was determined at temperatures ranging from 20 to 70°C by size exclusion chromatography. Results. Changes in the molecular mobility of freeze-dried formulations that occurred at temperatures below the glass transition temperature could be detected as the molecular mobility-changing temperature (T_mc), at which dextran protons started to exhibit a Lorentzian relaxation decay due to higher mobility in addition to a Gaussian relaxation decay. T_mc increased as the molecular weight of dextran increased. The proportion of dextran protons which exhibited the higher mobility relaxation process (P_hm) at temperatures above T_mc decreased as the molecular weight of dextran increased. Protein stability was closely related to molecular mobility. The temperature dependence of the denaturation rate changed at around T_mc, and denaturation in the microscopically liquidized state decreased as P_hm decreased with increasing molecular weight of dextran. Conclusions. The effect of the molecular weight of dextran on the protein stability of freeze-dried BGG formulations could be explained in terms of the parameters obtained by ¹H-NMR such as T_mc and P_hm. These parameters appear to be useful in preformulation and stability prediction of freeze-dried formulations.