强力抗炎解热颗粒对小儿外感高热的退热作用研究

目的：观察强力抗炎解热颗粒对小儿外感高热的退热作用。方法：将１６６例患者随机分为Ａ、Ｂ两组。Ａ组８６例,为强力抗炎解热颗凿治疗组;Ｂ组８０例,为西药常规用药组。分别观察组的退热时间、症状、体征等改善的情况。结果：强力一治疗 在退热、抗炎等方面明显优于西药常规对照组（Ｂ组）Ｐ〈０．０５。结论：强力抗炎解热 具有高铲、速效退热作用。     

肝癌的彩色多普勒及三维血流能量成像与肝动脉血管造影对比研究

目的：探讨彩色多普勒及三维血流能量成像在肝癌中应用。方法： 用能量多普勒超声检查６５例肝癌,有４０例同时观察三维血流能量图, ２２例进行选择性肝动脉血管造影。结果： 彩色多普勒能量图使肝癌肿瘤血流显示明显高于彩色多普勒血流图。三维血流能量图可获较完整肝癌肿瘤血流立体血管网图像,且与选择性肝动脉血管造影的血管分布特征相似。结论：彩色多普勒及三维血流成像能直观较完整地表现肝癌肿瘤血流分布状态,灵敏度高,重复性好。值得临床推广应用。     

彩色多普勒能量图在晚期产后胎盘滞留诊断中的应用

目的 :估价彩色多普勒能量图 ( CDPI)在晚期产后胎盘滞留诊断中的价值。方法 :应用 CDFI及 CDPI对 2 9例胎盘残留、 14例胎盘粘连及 6例胎盘植入患者胎盘血供进行研究。结果 :所有胎盘残留患者 CDFI和 CDPI胎盘内均未见血流信号。 CDFI、 CDPI胎盘粘连患者胎盘内血流显示率分别为 5 0 .0 %及 78.6 % ,胎盘植入患者胎盘内血流显示率分别为 6 6 .7%及 83.3%。结论 :彩色多普勒能量图在晚期产后胎盘滞留诊断与鉴别诊断上有较大的价值     

彩色多普勒能量图在移植肾排异反应诊断和治疗中的应用研究

目的 :探讨彩色多普勒能量图 ( CDPI)在移植肾排异反应早期诊断及治疗监测中的应用价值。方法 :应用 CDPI对 72例移植肾患者和 41例正常人的肾脏声像图表现进行对照分析。结果 :( 1)移植肾患者肾功能稳定期 ,肾脏 CDPI表现与正常人相似 ,各级肾动脉血流信号丰富 ,呈连续性树枝状 ;( 2 )急性排异反应患者 ,移植肾肾实质血流信号稀少 ,以舒张期更为显著 ,主肾动脉和段动脉血流呈连续性 ,叶间动脉呈断续的闪烁状 ,弓形动脉几乎无血流信号 ;( 3)慢性排异反应患者 ,主肾动脉和段动脉血流束变细 ,信号减少 ,叶间动脉仅显示部分 ,且呈点状或短条状 ,弓形动脉几乎不显示或仅有散在点状闪烁血流信号 ;( 4)无论是急性或慢性排异反应 ,给予有效治疗后 ,临床症状减轻 ,实验室检查结果改善 ,CDPI检查 ,移植肾肾实质血流灌注情况也有所改善 ,这种变化甚至比实验室检查结果改善还出现得早。结论 :CDPI技术不仅对早期诊断移植肾排异反应很有价值 ,而且对治疗效果的监测和指导用药也很有意义     

超声对老年性白内障的诊断价值

目的：探讨超声检查对老年性白内障的诊断价值。方法：应用高分辨率超声诊断仪及眼科裂隙灯分别对８６例（１２４眼）老年性白内障晶状体进行对比分析。结果：老年性皮质性白内障初起期超声检查假阴性占１８．１８％,敏感性不如裂隙灯检查。膨胀期、成熟期、过熟期超声的检出率可达到１００％。超声特点为：晶状体厚度增大,囊膜不光滑增厚呈“圈型”、“环状”浅,深层质均见强回声光点分布或呈层状强回声分布,核中心部变小,直到     

Characteristics and reproducibility of novel sleep EEG biomarkers and their variation with sleep apnea and insomnia in a large community-based cohort

Study ObjectivesNew electroencephalogram (EEG) features became available for use in polysomnography and have shown promise in early studies. They include a continuous index of sleep depth (odds-ratio-product: ORP), agreement between right and left sleep depth (R/L coefficient), dynamics of sleep recovery following arousals (ORP-9), general EEG amplification (EEG Power), alpha intrusion and arousal intensity. This study was undertaken to establish ranges and reproducibility of these features in subjects with different demographics and clinical status.MethodsWe utilized data from the two phases of the Sleep-Heart-Health-Study (SHHS1 and SHHS2). Polysomnograms of 5,804 subjects from SHHS1 were scored to determine the above features. Feature values were segregated according to clinical status of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), insomnia, insomnia plus OSA, no clinical sleep disorder, and demographics (age, gender, and race). Results from SHHS visit2 were compared with SHHS1 results.ResultsAll features varied widely among clinical groups and demographics. Relative to participants with no sleep disorder, wake ORP was higher in participants reporting insomnia symptoms and lower in those with OSA (p < 0.0001 for both), reflecting opposite changes in sleep pressure, while NREM ORP was higher in both insomnia and OSA (p<0.0001), reflecting lighter sleep in both groups. There were significant associations with age, gender, and race. EEG Power, and REM ORP were highly reproducible across the two studies (ICC > 0.75).ConclusionsThe reported results serve as bases for interpreting studies that utilize novel sleep EEG biomarkers and identify characteristic EEG changes that vary with age, gender and may help distinguish insomnia from OSA.     

甲状腺肿瘤三维彩色血管能量成像与微血管密度表达的研究

目的:探讨甲状腺肿瘤的三维血管成像(three-dimensional color power angio 3D-CPA), 特点及其血管病理学基础,评价3D-CPA鉴别甲状腺肿瘤的临床应用价值.方法:对78例甲状腺肿瘤患者,术前应用3D-CPA,检测肿瘤的血管分类,术后应用抗Ⅷ因子多克隆抗体对组织进行免疫组织化学染色,记数肿瘤的微血管密度(Microvessel density MVD).结果:甲状腺癌MVD显著高于良性肿瘤 p〈0.01结论:3D-CPA可用于术前间接评价肿瘤的血管生成为甲状腺肿瘤的诊断与鉴别诊断,提供有价值的信息.     

Taylor’s law of fluctuation scaling for semivariances and higher moments of heavy-tailed data

We generalize Taylor’s law for the variance of light-tailed distributions to many sample statistics of heavy-tailed distributions with tail index α in (0, 1), which have infinite mean. We show that, as the sample size increases, the sample upper and lower semivariances, the sample higher moments, the skewness, and the kurtosis of a random sample from such a law increase asymptotically in direct proportion to a power of the sample mean. Specifically, the lower sample semivariance asymptotically scales in proportion to the sample mean raised to the power 2, while the upper sample semivariance asymptotically scales in proportion to the sample mean raised to the power (2−α)/(1−α)>2. The local upper sample semivariance (counting only observations that exceed the sample mean) asymptotically scales in proportion to the sample mean raised to the power (2−α2)/(1−α). These and additional scaling laws characterize the asymptotic behavior of commonly used measures of the risk-adjusted performance of investments, such as the Sortino ratio, the Sharpe ratio, the Omega index, the upside potential ratio, and the Farinelli–Tibiletti ratio, when returns follow a heavy-tailed nonnegative distribution. Such power-law scaling relationships are known in ecology as Taylor’s law and in physics as fluctuation scaling. We find the asymptotic distribution and moments of the number of observations exceeding the sample mean. We propose estimators of α based on these scaling laws and the number of observations exceeding the sample mean and compare these estimators with some prior estimators of α.

Heavy-tailed nonnegative random variables with infinite moments, such as nonnegative stable laws with index α in (0,1), have theoretical and practical importance [e.g., Carmona (1), Feller (2), Resnick (3), and Samorodnitsky and Taqqu (4)]. Heavy-tailed nonnegative random variables with some or all infinite moments have been claimed to arise empirically in finance [operational risks in Nešlehová et al. (5)], economics [income distributions in Campolieti (6) and Schluter (7); returns to technological innovations in Scherer et al. (8) and Silverberg and Verspagen (9)], demography [city sizes in Cen (10)], linguistics [word frequencies in Bérubé et al. (11)], and insurance [economic losses from earthquakes in Embrechts et al. (12) and Ibragimov et al. (13)]. Partial reviews are in Carmona (1) and Ibragimov (14).Brown et al. (15) (hereafter BCD) showed that when a random sample is drawn from a nonnegative stable law with index α∈(0,1), the sample variance is asymptotically (as the sample size n goes to ∞) proportional to the sample mean raised to a power that is an explicit function of α (Eqs. 11 and 13). This relationship generalizes to stable laws with infinite moments a widely observed power-law relationship between the variance and the mean in families of distributions with finite population mean and finite population variance. This power-law relationship is commonly known as Taylor’s law in ecology [Taylor (16, 17)] and as fluctuation scaling in physics [Eisler et al. (18)].To the two ingredients combined by BCD (nonnegative stable laws with infinite moments and Taylor’s law), this paper adds two more ingredients. We establish scaling relationships that generalize the usual Taylor’s law, for light-tailed distributions, to many functions of the sample in addition to the variance, including all positive absolute and central moments, upper and lower semivariances, and several measures of risk-adjusted investment performance such as the Sortino, Sharpe, and Farinelli–Tibiletti ratios. In addition, based on these scaling relationships, we propose several estimators of the index α of a nonnegative stable law with infinite first moment.Section 1 defines most of the sample functions studied here. Section 2 gives background on Taylor’s law, semivariances, and nonnegative stable laws, including key prior results from BCD. Section 3 establishes that the lower sample semivariance, the upper sample semivariance, the local lower sample semivariance, and the local upper sample semivariance are asymptotically each a power of the sample mean with explicitly given exponents. These results are the core of the paper. When investment returns obey a nonnegative heavy-tailed law with index α∈(0,1), these results reveal the asymptotic behavior of the Sharpe ratio, the Sortino ratio, and the Farinelli–Tibiletti ratio. Section 4 extends these results to higher central and noncentral moments and various indices of volatility. Section 5 analyzes the number of observations from a stable law or an approximately stable (i.e., regularly varying) law that exceed the sample mean. Section 6 proposes and compares estimators of α by simulation. SI Appendix gives all proofs of results stated in the text and additional numerical simulations.     

CASIA2与IOL Master 700测量白内障患者角膜屈光力及散光的差异性和一致性

目的:比较CASIA2与IOL Master 700测量年龄相关性白内障患者角膜屈光力和散光的差异性和一致性。方法:回顾性研究。选取2021-11/12在我院就诊的年龄相关性白内障患者153例232眼。分别采用CASIA2和IOL Master 700测量白内障患者角膜前、后表面及全角膜的平坦轴角膜曲率(Kf)、陡峭轴角膜曲率(Ks)、平均角膜曲率(Km)、散光度数及轴向(矢量表示法J₀和J₄₅)。分析两种仪器测量参数的差异性、相关性及一致性。结果:CASIA2与IOL Master 700测量角膜后表面J₄₅值无差异(-0.006±0.038D vs-0.005±0.044D,P>0.05),其余参数均有差异(均P<0.05);两种仪器测量角膜前后表面及全角膜屈光力和散光均呈显著正相关(均r/r_s>0.7,P<0.001);Bland-Altman分析法显示角膜前表面屈光力及散光一致性较好,后表面及全角膜屈光力一致性较差。结论:CASIA2与IOL Master 700测量...