显微内镜下颈椎后路椎间孔切开减压术的疗效探讨

目的探讨显微内镜下颈椎后路椎间孔切开减压术治疗神经根型颈椎病及颈椎间盘突出症的临床疗效。方法2004年2月-2007年6月,于显微内镜下行颈椎后路椎间孔切开减压术24例。男16例,女8例;年龄42～68岁,平均59岁。其中神经根型颈椎病16例,颈椎间盘突出症8例。病变节段:C4、58例,C5、612例,C6、74例。病程6～15个月。影像学检查显示8例颈椎间盘突出症中软性突出物6例、硬性突出物2例;神经根型颈椎病的受压因素主要为黄韧带肥厚、钩椎关节增生及关节突关节位置异常。根据日本骨科协会(JOA)脊髓功能评分法评定为(12.60±1.52)分。结果手术时间90～120min,平均100min;术中出血量100～150mL,平均120mL。1例全麻手术患者术中为切除钙化的突出髓核组织造成神经根牵拉伤,术后采用甲泼尼龙冲击治疗后3个月神经根功能恢复;其余患者术后神经根疼痛症状明显改善19例,减轻4例。术后影像学检查显示手术部位减压彻底。24例均获随访,随访时间24～36个月,平均28个月。X线片及CT检查示椎间高度无明显丢失,生理曲度正常。术后24个月根据JOA脊髓功能评分法评定为(16.10±0.29)分,与术前比较差异有统计学意义(P0.01)。结论显微内镜下颈椎后路椎间孔切开减压术可通过小切口快捷进入术区,减少了组织损伤,避免了椎间高度丢失,临床疗效优良。     

LOGISTIC曲线模型在颈椎病物理治疗过程中的特征表达及与疗效的关系

背景：在先导研究中验证了LOGISTIC模型能够充分地解释颈椎病物理治疗中疼痛症状缓解过程的变化信息,是理想的数学表达模型。 目的：分析颈椎病物理治理过程LOGISTIC曲线模型中各数学特征与治疗效果之间的关系,进一步探讨LOGISTIC模型对颈椎病物理治疗过程的表达能力。 方法：对一组连续接受10次物理治疗的90例颈椎病根性疼痛患者在治疗过程中连续进行目测类比法疼痛评定,采用前期建立的LOGISTIC曲线模型,分别求得各病例回归曲线的数学特征值,包括拐点和曲率极值点。探讨各数学特征值与治疗有效性和缓解幅度之间的关联。 结果与结论：治疗过程中疼痛的缓解程度与拐点位置和第二曲率极值点位置呈负相关(r=-0.460,P < 0.001;r=-0.598,P < 0.001);与第一曲率极值点位置相关性无统计学意义(r=0.075, P=0.481)。说明拐点、第二曲率极值点出现的越早,治疗全过程所能达到的缓解幅度越大;第一曲率极值点出现的位置与治疗中的疼痛缓解幅度无明显关联性。有效病例与无效病例组间拐点与第二曲率极值点位置不同,差异有显著性意义,第一曲率极值点两组间差异无显著性意义。ROC分析可见以第二曲率极值点和拐点作为有效与否的判断指标都能获得较高的曲线下面积,约登指数可以达到0.54~0.64,具备一定的判断能力。说明LOGISTIC曲线模型的数学特征值与物理治疗效果存在明显的关联,LOGISTIC曲线模型对颈椎病物理治疗的过程特征表达充分。 关键词：颈椎病;物理治疗;疼痛评定;LOGISTIC模型;治疗效果;数字化骨科技术     

Cervical Radiculopathy Caused by Vertebral Artery Loop Formation : A Case Report and Review of the Literature

Vertebral artery loop formation causing encroachment on cervical neural foramen and canal is a rare cause of cervical radiculopathy. We report a case of 61-year-old woman with vertebral artery loop formation who presented with right shoulder pain radiating to her arm for 2 years. Plain radiograph and computed tomography scan revealed widening of the right intervertebral foramen at the C5-6 level. Magnetic resonance imaging and angiogram confirmed the vertebral artery loop formation compressing the right C6 nerve root. We had considered microdecompressive surgery, but the patient''s symptoms resolved after conservative management. Clinician should keep in mind that vertebral artery loop formation is one of important causes of cervical radiculopathy. Vertebral artery should be visualized using magnetic resonance angiography in suspected case.     

219首颈项肩臂痛内治古方分证用药频数分析

目的分析颈项肩臂痛内治古方的用药特点。方法筛选以颈项肩臂痛为主治的古方,按其所治证进行分类,对不同证治古方的用药类别、总味数、单味药使用频数及药对（组）出现频数进行统计,并列举频数居前的代表药物。结果共有219首古方纳入研究,其中风寒湿痹证治方108首,痰湿阻痹证治方57首,寒湿阻滞证治方38首,正虚不足证治方26首。各类方剂药物组成及其常用药物均有不同特点。结论解表药、祛风湿药、活血化瘀药、补虚药是治疗颈项肩臂痛古方组成的主要药物,各证型内治古方有配伍特点及其常用药物。     

Single-level cervical radiculopathy: clinical outcome and cost-effectiveness of four techniques of anterior cervical discectomy and fusion and disc arthroplasty

Although there are several accepted methods of surgical treatment for single-level cervical radiculopathy, the choice depend on the surgeon’s preference. The techniques may vary in peri-operative morbidity, short- and long-term outcome, but no study so far has analyzed their cost-effectiveness. This study might give some insight in balancing cost and effectiveness and deciding the right technique. Sixty consecutive patients (15 each group), mean age 36 (range 24–76 years) with single-level cervical disc disease underwent surgical treatment with four different techniques in two centers over the period of 1999–2005. The four groups were—(1) plate and tricortical autograft, (2) plate, cage, and bone substitute, (3) cage only, and (4) disc arthroplasty. The data was collected prospectively according to our protocol and subsequently analyzed. The clinical outcome was assessed comparing visual analog scale (VAS) of neck pain and, short form 12 (SF12) questionnaire both pre- and postoperatively. The radiological assessment was done for fusion rate and postoperative related possible complications at 3 months, 6 months, 1 year, and final follow-up. The cost analysis was done calculating the operative time, hospital stay, implant cost together. The mean follow-up period was 31 months (range 28–43 months). The clinical outcome in terms of VAS of neck and arm pain and SF12 physical and mental score improvement (P = 0.001) were comparable with all four techniques. The radiological fusion rate was comparable to current available data. As the hospital stay was longer (average 5 days) with plate and autograft group, the total cost was maximum (average ￡2,920) with this group. There was satisfactory clinical and radiological outcome with all four techniques. Using the cage alone was the most cost-effective technique, but the disc arthroplasty was comparable to the use of cage and plate. Anterior cervical discectomy and fusion is an established surgical treatment for cervical radiculopathy. Single-level cervical radiculopathy was treated with four different techniques. The clinical outcome and cost-effectiveness were compared in this study.     

中医综合疗法治疗神经根型颈椎病的临床观察

[目的]观察中医综合疗法治疗神经根型颈椎病的临床疗效。[方法]对64例神经根型颈椎病患者随机分成综合疗法组和对照组,综合治疗组采用中药熏蒸、中药拔罐、颈椎牵引、针刺、推拿疗法,对照组采用单纯推拿手法治疗。共治疗28 d。[结果]综合治疗组治愈16例,显效9例,有效4例,无效2例,总有效率为93.55%;对照组治愈11例,显效5例,有效8例,无效9例,总有效率为72.73%。[结论]中医综合疗法治疗神经根型颈椎病具有疗效短,疗效快,治愈率高,复发率低的优点。     

“颈四针”针刀疗法治疗神经根型颈椎病的疗效观察

目的:探讨运用"颈四针"的针刀疗法治疗神经根型颈椎病的临床疗效。方法:将60例患者随机分成针刀治疗组和针刺治疗组,每组30例。2个疗程后分别进行VAS和JOA评分比较。结果:两组组内治疗疗效明显(P<0.01);针刀治疗组疗效优于针刺治疗组(P<0.05)。结论:"颈四针"针刀疗法治疗神经根型颈椎病疗效显著,具有疗程短、见效快、安全性高、操作简单等特点,适宜临床推广应用。     

弹拨臂丛神经治疗神经根型颈椎病的临床观察

目的观察弹拨臂丛神经对神经根型颈椎病的治疗效果。方法对176例神经根型颈椎病在常规推拿手法的基础上,弹拨臂丛神经。结果治疗组治愈114例,显效37例,好转20例,无效5例,有效率达97.16%,优于对照组的85.71%。结论弹拨臂丛神经治疗神经根型颈椎病,能够有效地缓解临床症状体征,促进功能恢复。     

脊柱微调手法对神经根型颈椎病的颈椎曲度的影响

目的:通过脊柱微调手法治疗神经根型颈椎病观察颈椎曲度的改善情况,探讨分析手法作用机理。方法:4家医院将137例神经根型颈椎病患者随机分为脊柱微调手法治疗组(77例)和牵引对照组(60例),测量治疗前后颈椎X片颈曲值。结果:颈椎曲度改善程度上,手法治疗组亦优于牵引对照组(P0.05)。结论:脊柱微调手法治疗神经根型颈椎病获效的可能机理之一是恢复颈椎生理曲度。     

Cervical paraspinal spontaneous activity in asymptomatic subjects

Paraspinal fibrillation potentials or positive sharp waves (PSWs) reportedly may be the only electrodiagnostic abnormality in patients with radiculopathies. However, spontaneous activity may be present in muscles of asymptomatic subjects. To determine whether abnormal spontaneous activity in the cervical paraspinal muscles is clinically relevant, we evaluated the prevalence of such activity in asymptomatic individuals and examined its relationship with age. Sixty-six asymptomatic subjects underwent a needle electromyographic examination of the paraspinal muscles bilaterally at the C5/6 and C6/7 levels. All of the recorded potentials were captured and their firing rates and waveforms were evaluated. The potentials were considered to be abnormal if reproducible trains of PSWs or fibrillation potentials were present. Eight of the 66 (12%) subjects showed PSWs, five bilaterally; none showed fibrillation potentials. A statistical analysis for the effect of age could not be performed due to the small sample size. Because electromyographic cervical paraspinal abnormalities can be found in asymptomatic subjects, caution should be exercised when attributing the etiology of neck pain to radiculopathy if the only electrodiagnostic findings are electromyographic cervical paraspinal abnormalities.