阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征手术治疗38例临床分析

目的探讨保留悬雍垂的腭咽成型术治疗阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征（OSAHS）的临床效果。方法回顾性分析手术治疗38例OSAHS患者临床资料，并随访其疗效。结果38例患者术后随访6个月并行PSG检查，治愈11例，显效16例，有效5例，总有效率84．2％。28例术后随访1年，20例有效。所有患者均未发生严重并发症。结论合理选择OSAHS患者，并进行术前仔细评估，针对不同阻塞平面进行手术可获得较满意疗效。     

椎-基动脉缺血发作与睡眠呼吸障碍

Therelationshipbetweencerebro－vasculardiseases（CVD）andSRBDhasattractedpeople’sattentionmoreandmoreinthepastyears．WepresentinthispapertherelationshipofVBIandSRBDwhichhasnoteverbeenreportedbefore．１Subjectandmethod１．１SubjectFortyfivepatients，male３２，female１３，withanageof２７～７４yearsandanaveragedurationofillnessof２．１years（５daysto１０years）．１．２Criteriaofdiagnosis犤１犦（１）Transientvertigoattacksaccom－paniedbyotherVBIsymptomssuchasdiplopia，scintillation，visua…     

Quisi与睡眠脑电图检测抑郁症的比较研究

目的评价Quisi检测抑郁症的作用和适应证。方法对19例抑郁症患者和21名正常受试者分别作Quisi和睡眠脑电图检测。并以日本SEEG-1500型睡眠脑电图为检测标准,与德国Quisi进行比较研究。结果在正常对照组中,除睡眠第二阶段百分比,Quisi少于多导睡眠图(Polysomnography,PS)外(Quisi为48±8,正常人PSG56±9,t=2.48,P<0.05),其余12项指标差异均无显著性。抑郁症组中睡眠第一阶段百分比,Quisi也少于PSG(Quisi为11±4,PSG为13±3,t=2.0,P<0.05),其余12项指标差异也无显著性。结论Quisi检测抑郁症作用与PSG相似,在心理咨询、外出巡诊和家庭病床上有应用前途,但不适用于发作性疾病的评估。     

Donepezil improves obstructive sleep apnea in Alzheimer disease: a double-blind, placebo-controlled study

BACKGROUND: There is an association between Alzheimer disease and sleep-disordered breathing. Donepezil is the drug most frequently used to treat cognitive symptoms in Alzheimer disease. This study evaluates the effects of donepezil on obstructive sleep apnea in patients with Alzheimer disease. METHODS: Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled design. Twenty-three patients with mild-to-moderate Alzheimer disease and apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) > 5/h were allocated to two groups: donepezil treated (n = 11) and placebo treated (n = 12). Polysomnography and cognitive evaluation using Alzheimer disease assessment scale-cognitive (ADAS-cog) subscale were performed at baseline and after 3 months. Cognitive and sleep data were analyzed using analysis of variance. RESULTS: AHI and oxygen saturation improved significantly after donepezil treatment compared to baseline and placebo (p < 0.05). Rapid eye movement (REM) sleep duration increased after donepezil treatment (p < 0.05). ADAS-cog scores improved after donepezil treatment, although they did not correlate with REM sleep increase and sleep apnea improvement (p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Donepezil treatment improved AHI and oxygen saturation in patients with Alzheimer disease. Treatment also increased REM sleep duration and reduced ADAS-cog scores. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT00480870.     

海马CA1区注射吗啡对大鼠睡眠的影响

目的观察吗啡在海马CA1区对大鼠睡眠的影响。方法选择雄性成年SD大鼠39只,分为对照组(8只)、吗啡组(8只)和纳洛酮组(8只),15只不符合要求已剔除。运用脑立体定位、核团插管、药物微量注射和多导睡眠描记技术,观察海马CA1区注射药物后大鼠睡眠-觉醒指标变化情况。结果与对照组比较,吗啡组大鼠海马CA1区双侧微量注射吗啡后觉醒时间增加32.0%(P<0.05),总睡眠时间减少23.7%(P<0.05),其中深慢波睡眠减少76.1%(P<0.05)。纳洛酮组大鼠海马CA1区双侧微量注射纳洛酮后觉醒时间减少34.1%(P<0.01),总睡眠时间增加25.3%(P<0.01),其中深慢波睡眠增加247.8%(P<0.01)。结论吗啡在海马参与对睡眠-觉醒周期的调节,且吗啡对睡眠的影响主要是通过改变深慢波睡眠成分实现的。     

AG200睡眠监测阻塞定位技术和螺旋CT评估OSAHS上气道狭窄的价值

目的研究睡眠监测阻塞定位仪(Apneagraphy,AG200)结合螺旋CT在评估阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征(OSAHS)上气道狭窄中的临床应用价值。方法 28例睡眠打鼾患者,采用睡眠监测阻塞定位仪进行整夜睡眠呼吸监测,分析呼吸紊乱指标、出现呼吸暂停低通气事件时的阻塞平面,不同平面的阻塞次数和总阻塞次数。以螺旋CT测量清醒状态下上气道的软腭后区、舌后区气道的横截面积。将AG200测定上气道狭窄平面与CT测量判断平面进行比较。结果①28例AG200监测,6例排除OSAHS。22例符合OSAHS,其中轻度4例,中度10例,重度8例。②28例CT测量,4例无狭窄平面,16例腭后区狭窄2,例舌后区狭窄6,例腭后区、舌后区双重狭窄。③22例OSAHS中AG200测压均为上部和下部联合阻塞,上部阻塞为主18例,下部阻塞为主4例,其中1例上部阻塞为100%。④22例OSAHS中,AG200测压腭后区阻塞为主占81.8%(18/22),CT测量腭后区狭窄占68.2%(15/22),差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。AG200测压下部阻塞为主占27.6%(6/22),CT测量舌后区阻塞占18.2%。结论 AG200对OSAHS定性定位诊断具有重要作用,结合CT测量可以很好地评估上气道腭后区狭窄。     

伴有抑郁症状孕妇睡眠质量分析

目的了解伴有抑郁症状孕妇的睡眠质量并分析其特点。方法对2007年6月至2008年6月在大坪医院(所)妇产科门诊进行产检就诊、伴有抑郁症状的孕妇(研究组,n=45)和健康孕妇(对照组,n=45)进行匹兹堡睡眠质量指数量表(Pittsburgh sleep quality index,PSQI)评定及多导睡眠图(polysomonography,PSG)监测。结果伴有抑郁症状的孕妇PSQI总分(11.46±4.78)分,睡眠质量差的占93.3%,对照组PSQI总分(6.35±3.28)分,睡眠质量差的占26.7%,研究组入睡时间、睡眠时间、睡眠效率、睡眠障碍、日间功能障碍因子分及PSQI总分均明显高于对照组(P<0.05)。与对照组比较,研究组总睡眠时间减少,睡眠潜伏期长(P<0.01),觉醒次数及时间增多,睡眠效率明显下降(P<0.05);浅睡(S1期睡眠)增加而深睡(S3、S4期睡眠)减少,S1期睡眠与S3+S4期睡眠组间比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.01,P<0.05)。与对照组比较,研究组快速眼动睡眠(rapid eye movement,REM)潜伏期缩短,REM睡眠时间增多(P<0.05)。结论伴有抑...     

Case-control study of subjective and objective differences in sleep patterns in older adults with insomnia symptoms

Older adults have high prevalence rates of insomnia symptoms, yet it is unclear if these insomnia symptoms are associated with objective impairments in sleep. We hypothesized that insomnia complaints in older adults would be associated with objective differences in sleep compared with those without insomnia complaints. To test this hypothesis, we conducted a cross‐sectional study in which older adults with insomnia complaints (cases, n = 100) were compared with older adults without insomnia complaints (controls, n = 100) using dual‐night in‐lab nocturnal polysomnography, study questionnaires and 7 days of at‐home actigraphy and sleep diaries. Cases were noted to have reduced objective total sleep time compared with controls (25.8 ± 8.56 min, P = 0.003). This was largely due to increased wakefulness after sleep onset, and not increased sleep latency. When participants with sleep‐related breathing disorder or periodic limb movement disorder were excluded, the polysomnography total sleep time difference became even larger. Cases also had reduced slow‐wave sleep (5.10 ± 1.38 min versus 10.57 ± 2.29 min, effect size −0.29, P = 0.04). When comparing self‐reported sleep latency and sleep efficiency with objective polysomnographic findings, cases demonstrated low, but statistically significant correlations, while no such correlations were observed in controls. Cases tended to underestimate their sleep efficiency by 1.6% (±18.4%), while controls overestimated their sleep efficiency by 12.4% (±14.5%). In conclusion, we noted that older adults with insomnia complaints have significant differences in several objective sleep findings relative to controls, suggesting that insomnia complaints in older adults are associated with objective impairments in sleep.     

Motor disturbances during non-REM and REM sleep in narcolepsy-cataplexy: a video-polysomnographic analysis

Motor events during sleep can be frequently observed in patients with narcolepsy-cataplexy. We hypothesized that increased motor events and related arousals contribute to sleep fragmentation in this disease. We aimed to perform a detailed whole-night video-polysomnographic analysis of all motor events during non-rapid eye movement and rapid eye movement sleep in a group of narcolepsy-cataplexy patients and matched controls, and to assess the association with arousals. Video-polysomnographic registrations of six narcolepsy-cataplexy patients and six sex- and age-matched controls were analysed. Each motor event in the video was classified according to topography, number of involved body parts, duration and its association with arousals. The mean motor activity index was 59.9 ± 23.0 h(-1) in patients with narcolepsy-cataplexy compared with 15.4 ± 9.2 h(-1) in controls (P = 0.004). Distribution of motor events was similar in non-rapid eye movement and rapid eye movement sleep in the patient group (P = 0.219). In narcolepsy-cataplexy, motor events involved significantly more body parts (≥ 2 body regions: 38.2 ± 15.6 versus 14.9 ± 10.0; P = 0.011). In addition, the proportion of motor events lasting longer than 1 s was higher in patients than controls (88% versus 44.4%; P < 0.001). Both total and motor activity-related arousal indices were increased in narcolepsy-cataplexy (total arousal index: 21.6 ± 9.0 versus 8.7 ± 3.5; P = 0.004; motor activity-related arousal index: 17.6 ± 9.8 versus 5.9 ± 2.3; P = 0.002). Motor activity and motor activity-related arousal indices are increased in both non-rapid eye movement and rapid eye movement sleep in narcolepsy-cataplexy compared with controls. This supports the concept of a general sleep motor dysregulation in narcolepsy-cataplexy, which potentially contributes to or even underlies sleep fragmentation in this disease.     

Effect of exogenous melatonin on sleep and motor dysfunction in Parkinson's disease

Abstract Insomnia, sleep fragmentation and excessive daytime sleepiness are common in Parkinson's disease (PD) and may contribute to the reduction of cognition and alertness in those patients. Melatonin has been shown to improve sleep in several conditions. In experimental models of PD, melatonin can ameliorate motor symptoms. To evaluate the effect of melatonin on sleep and motor dysfuntion in PD, we studied 18 patients (Hoehn & Yahr I to III) from a PD clinic. Prior to treatment, motor dysfunction was assessed by UPDRS II, III and IV. Subjective sleep quality was assessed by the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and daytime somnolence by the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS). Full polysomnography (PSG) was performed in all subjects. Patients were then randomized to receive melatonin (3mg) or placebo one hour before bedtime for four weeks. All measures were repeated at the end of treatment. On initial assessment, 14 patients (70%) showed poor quality sleep (PSQI > 6) and eight (40%) excessive daytime sleepiness (ESS > 10). Increased sleep latency (50%), REM sleep without atonia (66%), and reduced sleep efficiency (72%) were found on PSG. Eight patients had an apnea/ hipopnea index greater than 15 but no severe oxygen desaturation was observed. Sleep fragmentation tended to be more severe in patients on lower doses of levodopa (p = 0.07). Although melatonin significantly improved subjective quality of sleep (p = 0.03) as evaluated by the PSQI index, PSG abnormalities were not changed. Motor dysfunction was not improved by the use of melatonin. Undetected differences in motor scores and PSG findings may have been due to a small sample size and a type II error.