花椒、珊瑚姜挥发油对部分真菌、细菌的抑制效应探讨

目的：探讨花椒、珊瑚姜挥发油对六种常见真菌、细菌的抑制作用。方法：采用MIC测定药物对真菌和细菌的抑制作用。结果：对真菌的MIC范围为0.8％（V／V）——0．3％（V／V）,对细菌的MIC范围为0．8％（V／V）——0．7％（V／V）;其0.7％（V／V）浓度对六种真菌抑制有效率为100％,0．6％（V／V）对六种真菌抑制有效率为83．3％,0.3％浓度对六种真菌抑制有效率为66．7％。结论：挥发油对6种真菌和细菌有明显的抑制作用。     

蒌叶茎中生物碱和木脂素类化学成分研究

目的:对蒌叶茎中生物碱和木脂素类化学成分进行研究。方法与结果:采用常压硅胶柱色谱、反相色谱、薄层色谱及Sephadex LH-20柱色谱法等分离手段,从蒌叶茎70%丙酮提取物的乙酸乙酯部分中分离得到10个化合物,通过理化性质和波谱数据,分别鉴定为胡椒碱(1),墙草碱(2),N-isobutyl-2E,4E-dodecadienamide(3),dehydropipernonaline(4),piperdar-dine(5),piperolein-B(6),guineensine(7),(2E,4E)-N-isobutyl-7-(3′,4′-methyl-enedioxyphenyl)-2,4-heptadienamide(8),丁香脂素-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷(9),松脂素(10)。结论:所有化合物均为首次从该植物中分离得到,其中化合物9,10是首次从该属植物中得到。     

2016年南方5省150份青辣椒农药残留监测分析

目的 了解我国南方5省市售青辣椒中农药残留情况,为辣椒产业的良性发展和维护消费者食品安全提供科学依据。方法 2016年在海南、广东、广西、福建和云南随机采集市售青辣椒样品150份（每省30份）,按照国家标准GB/T 20769-2008检测啶虫脒等14种农药残留,依据国家标准GB 2763-2016对检测结果进行判定。结果 150份样品中农药残留检出率为58.0%,不合格率为47.3%。啶虫脒具有最高的检出率（30.0%）和不合格率（30.0%）;海南具有最高的农药检出率（96.7%）和不合格率（86.7%）和农药多残留率（40.0%样品含有≥2种农药残留）,样品不合格的原因主要是检出未在我国辣椒上登记使用的农药。结论 我国南方5省150份青辣椒中未登记农药检出率非常高,尤其是啶虫脒和吡虫啉。     

砒椒粉快速穴位按摩联合运动疗法治疗慢性阻塞性肺疾病稳定期疗效观察

目的观察砒椒粉快速穴位按摩联合运动疗法治疗慢性阻塞性肺疾病稳定期的临床疗效及对肺功能和血气分析指标的影响。方法将144例慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者随机分为2组,治疗组72例予砒椒粉快速穴位按摩配合增加呼吸功能的主动运动疗法,对照组72例予盐酸氨溴索片30 mg,每日3次口服,复方甲氧那明胶囊93 mg,每日3次口服。观察2组临床疗效及肺功能和血气指标变化。结果总有效率治疗组83.33%,对照组61.11%,治疗组疗效优于对照组（P〈0.05）;2组治疗后动脉血二氧化碳分压[p（CO2）]、氧分压[p（O2）]、用力肺活量（FVC）、用力呼气峰值流速（PEF）与本组治疗前比较差异均有统计学意义（P〈0.05）,2组治疗后p（CO2）、p（O2）、FVC、第1 s用力呼气容积占预计值百分比（FEV1%）、PEF组间比较差异均有统计学意义（P〈0.05）,治疗组改善优于对照组。结论砒椒粉快速穴位按摩联合运动疗法治疗慢性阻塞性肺疾病稳定期能明确改善症状、体征,有效改善肺功能和血气指标,疗效优于常规西药治疗。     

当归花椒蜜浆口服液动物急性毒性试验

目的观察当归花椒蜜浆口服液的动物急性毒性,为临床用药量提供参考依据。方法以预试验确定当归花椒蜜浆口服液引起试验小鼠的死亡率和致死量范围,然后选取健康小鼠40只,雌雄各半,随机分成2组,其中1组给予当归花椒蜜浆口服液(取原药500ml浓缩至约50 ml,以浓缩液1 ml灌胃),另1组给予等容积的蒸馏水作为正常对照组,对比观察对照组和实验组小鼠的急性毒性反应情况和死亡动物分布情况,以及体重变化。结果对照组和实验组小鼠全部存活,于第5次给药后试验组相继有3只小鼠出现稀便、食欲消极现象,至禁食4 h后,再未见稀便,进食如常。其余各实验小鼠活动正常,分别于给药后隔日称量体重,连续观察14 d,实验组和对照组小鼠体重增长正常。结论当归花椒蜜浆口服液安全、不良反应轻微。     

Tracheal Paraganglioma: A Case report and Review of the Pertinent Literature

The trachea is a sporadic origin of paraganglioma. The purpose of the present study was to identify the features of tracheal paraganglioma and reveal the effectiveness of computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) by reviewing both previous and current cases. In cases of tracheal tumors, we need to consider the bleeding risk associated with a biopsy, as the tumor may be paraganglioma, which is hypervascular. If a biopsy is not available, then CT and MRI can aid in making a pre-operative diagnosis. MRI in particular is useful for long-term observations.     

六种辛辣食品的营养保健价值

介绍了六种辛辣食品(辣椒、生姜、大蒜、洋葱、花椒和胡椒)的营养特点。分别阐述了六种辛辣食品的营养成分和对人体的营养保健价值。     

Mutagenicity and Mutagens of the Red Chili Pepper as Gallbladder Cancer Risk Factor in Chilean Women

High consumption of red chili pepper has been shown to be a risk factor for gallbladder cancer (GBC) inChilean women with gallstones, and included mutagens may be important in this context. We aimed to investigatethe mutagenicity and mutagens in Chilean red chili pepper in the Ames test using Salmonella typhimurium strainsTA98, TA1537, TA100, and TA1535 with and without metabolic activation (S9 mix). Pure capsaicin was testedfor mutagenicity using strain TA98. The presence of aflatoxins was evaluated by two-dimensional thin layerchromatography, and then the concentrations of aflatoxins B1, B2, G1, and G2 were measured by an HPLCsystem. In strain TA98, the mean numbers of revertant colonies with and without the S9 mix were 2.5- and 2.2-fold higher than those of each negative control, respectively. However, pure capsaicin did not show mutagenicactivity in strain TA98. Aflatoxin contamination of red chili pepper was confirmed, and the concentrations ofaflatoxins B1 and G1 were 4.4 ng/g and 0.5 ng/g, respectively. Our findings suggest that low-level but protractedexposure to aflatoxins may be associated with the development of GBC in Chilean women who carry gallstones.     

Proximate,phytochemical and sensory quality of instant pepper soup mix

Instant pepper soup mix (IPM) was developed. Its proximate, fiber, water-soluble vitamins (ascorbic acid, riboflavin, thiamine and folic acid,), phytochemical (Tannin, total phenol flavonoid, carotenoid, anthocyanin and alkaloids) were determined. The pepper soup from the IPM (20% w/v) was subjected to sensory quantitative acceptance test. Data obtained were analyzed using weighted means and analysis of variance, and Duncan multiple range test was used to separate the means. Protein content ranged from 1.85 to 2.48. The values for ascorbic acid, riboflavin, thiamine, and folic acid in the formulations were from 0.58 mg/ml, 5.15 mg/g, 0.62 mg/g, and 0.0 mg/g to 0.88 mg/ml, 7.69 mg/g, 53.75 mg/g, and 21.86 mg/ml, respectively. Tannin, total phenol, flavonoid, carotenoid, anthocyanin, and alkaloid contents in the formulations ranged from 84.25 to 104.40 mg/100 g, 800.89 to 889.39 mg/100 g, 635.24 to 8.18.44 mg/100 g, 0.67 to 1.73 µg/ml, 8.88 to 10.79 µg, and 5.93 to 10.78%, respectively. There were no significant (p < 0.05) difference in the sensory attributes of the formulations.     

A Case-Control Study of Gallbladder Cancer in Hungary

Our previous study indicated an association of chili pepper consumption with gallbladder cancer (GBC) inthe presence of gallstones (GS) in Chile. We investigated whether or not a similar association was present inHungary, where mortality from GBC is high and chili peppers are frequently consumed. In a case-controlstudy, we compared 41 female GBC patients with GS and 30 gender and GS-matched hospital controls. Trainedstaff interviewed all subjects to determine socioeconomic status, family history, past history and life style habits(smoking, alcohol intake, dietary habits and elimination habits). Because mean ages differed significantly betweenthe case and control groups, age-adjusted odds ratios (ORs) were calculated. A shorter education period (< 10years / ≥16 years) was indicated to be a risk factor (age-adjusted OR (95%CI): 3.2 (1.2-8.7)). In addition, theintake of Hungarian hot pepper (yes / no) was found to be significantly higher in the GBC cases than in controls(age-adjusted OR (95%CI): 8.4 (2.3-30.4)). There were no differences between the case and control groups forother variables. Multivariate logistic regression analysis retained only Hungarian hot pepper consumption as asignificant independent risk factor for GBC. Its age-adjusted OR was 16.2 (95%CI: 2.1-126.2), while therewere no differences associated with low education, frequent consumption of fresh fruit and vegetables, lowsocioeconomic status or smoking. Hungarian hot pepper consumption was identified as a risk factor for GBCby multivariate logistic regression analysis.