海螵蛸对骨愈合相关基因表达的影响

为揭示中药海螵蛸在骨折愈合过程中的干预作用,了解海螵蛸的调节靶点,探索建构中药基因组学的途径.通过在大鼠胫骨打孔的方法建立单因素干扰模型,在不同时间点采用原位杂交方法对各类mRNA的变化进行动态观察骨愈合过程中Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ型前胶原mRNA、转化生长因子(TGG)-β1 mRNA、骨形态发生蛋白(BMP)-2mRNA、血管内皮生长因子(VEGF) mRNA表达情况.结果显示,海螵蛸在骨折早期对Ⅰ、Ⅲ型前胶原mRNA、VEGFmRNA、BMP-2mRNA的表达升高,而对Ⅱ型前胶原mRNA、TGF-β1 mRNA的表达量无明显影响;但达到峰值后,Ⅱ、Ⅲ型前胶原mRNA表达水平下降,VEGFmRNA、TGF-β1mRNA表达量中后期维持于较高水平.表明海螵蛸与血管形成有关,对骨折软骨形成早期具有促进骨诱导的作用,并对成骨细胞的增殖及合成活性有较大影响.     

续断对成骨细胞增殖、分化、凋亡和细胞周期的影响

在动物实验的基础上,探讨续断对成骨细胞增殖、分化、凋亡、细胞周期和Ⅰ型前胶原αmRNA表达影响.根据文献方法培养大鼠成骨细胞株UMR-106/01,采用3H-Tdr法检测细胞增殖,PNPP法、RIA法、茜素红染色法以及定量RT-PCR法分别检测碱性磷酸酶活性、骨钙素活性、矿化结节形成和Ⅰ型胶原αmRNA的表达,从而了解续断对成骨细胞增殖、分化的影响;FCM法检测细胞周期.结果显示续断中、高剂量能显著促进成骨细胞的增殖、增加碱性磷酸酶的表达及矿化结节形成的数量,促进成骨细胞骨钙素和Ⅰ型前胶原mRNA的表达(P＜0.01,P＜0.05),和雌激素组比较差异无显著性.续断高剂量组细胞增殖率、S期细胞比率和细胞增殖指数等均显著高于空白对照组(P＜0.01,P＜0.05),和雌激素组比较差异也无显著性.细胞凋亡率和G0-G1期细胞比率显著低于空白对照组(P＜0.01,P＜0.05).表明续断能有效促进成骨细胞的分化、增殖,防止成骨细胞凋亡,可能是该药促进骨折愈合、防治骨质疏松的机制之一.     

氨基胍对糖尿病大鼠心脏功能及心肌超微结构的影响

目的 :探讨非酶糖化抑制剂 氨基胍 (amin oguanidine ,AG)对链尿佐菌素 (streptozotocin ,STZ)糖尿病大鼠心肌的保护作用 ,为糖尿病心肌病的防治提供参考。方法 :建立STZ糖尿病大鼠模型 ,随机分为对照组、糖尿病组和氨基胍治疗组 ,AG剂量为15 0mg·kg-1·d-1。 12周时测定大鼠血清果糖胺含量、心脏重量指数、左室内压最大上升和下降率 (±dp dtmax)值 ,电镜观察心肌超微结构 ,测量心肌毛细血管基底膜厚度。结果 :糖尿病组大鼠血清果糖胺含量、心脏重量指数明显增高 ,±dp dtmax降低 ;超微结构显示心肌肌原纤维排列紊乱 ,线粒体肿胀变性 ,间质胶原增生 ,微血管内皮细胞肿胀、基底膜明显增厚。氨基胍治疗组血清果糖胺含量降低、心脏重量指数明显下降、±dp dtmax 值上升 ,微血管基底膜增厚减轻 ,间质胶原减少 ,心肌细胞超微结构异常减轻。结论 :糖尿病时存在心脏功能异常、心肌肥厚和超微结构的改变 ,早期应用AG在一定程度上可阻抑糖尿病心肌病变的发展。     

补肾活血法对子宫内膜异位症不孕患者基础体温的影响

目的:探讨补肾活血法对子宫内膜异位症不孕患者基础体温的影响。方法:将45例内异症不孕患者按2∶1随机分为中药治疗组和西药内美通对照组,经过6个月经周期的治疗后比较两组基础体温的变化。结果:治疗组在治疗前后黄体时间的高低温差呈增加趋势,体温上升时间及黄体期体温波动呈下降趋势;对照组在治疗前后黄体时间、高低温差、体温上升时间和黄体期体温波动无显著差异。结论:补肾活血法治疗内异症不孕,能影响基础体温,提示中药对卵巢功能有调整作用。     

三氯乙烯诱发SD大鼠产生免疫反应的模型研究

目的研究SD大鼠对三氯乙烯(trichloroethylene,TCE)免疫刺激的反应,拟建立大鼠对TCE免疫反应的模型.方法背部皮内注射体积分数为15%的TCE免疫SD大鼠,1周1次,免疫5次后于大鼠左后足跖膜下注射TCE攻击,6h称左右后足重量计算肿胀度.取TCE免疫大鼠心脏血,分离并培养单个核细胞.将培养的细胞与系列浓度的TCE共同培养2d后,检测细胞酸性磷酸酶的活性,据此判断细胞的活化增殖程度.结果 TCE免疫大鼠攻击足肿胀度与空白对照组大鼠的相比差异显著(P＜0.005).体积分数为3%的TCE可使培养的大鼠血单个核细胞的增殖达到峰值.结论重复皮内注射TCE可使SD大鼠产生某种免疫反应.SD大鼠的单个核细胞可被TCE刺激活化.     

大鼠胸腺内注射MBP诱导免疫耐受对手术SBI引起的脑神经功能缺陷和脑水肿作用研究

为探讨大鼠胸腺内注射髓鞘碱性蛋白(MBP)诱导免疫耐受对手术脑受损(SBI)引起的脑神经功能缺损和脑水肿的影响。选取SD大鼠随机分为假手术组、SBI模型组和MBP处理组,模型组胸腺注射等渗盐水,MBP处理组注射MBP,采用改良神经功能缺陷评分(MNSS)评价各组大鼠神经功能,检测各组大鼠脑水肿体积及血清炎性因子,PCR检测脑组织FasL mRNA表达。结果显示大鼠胸腺内注射MBP诱导免疫耐受,可改善SBI大鼠的脑神经功能缺陷和脑水肿,减轻炎性反应,说明MBP通过诱导免疫耐受,减轻脑受损大鼠的脑神经功能缺陷和脑水肿。     

脓毒症心肌损害新生大鼠模型的建立

【摘要】 目的 建立一种具有良好稳定性及重复性的能模拟新生儿脓毒症（NS）心肌损害的新生大鼠动物模型,为研究NS致病机制及防治提供模型动物。方法 选取出生10天的健康雄性SD新生大鼠54只,随机分为正常对照组、假手术组（Sham组）、盲肠结扎穿孔术组（CLP组）,每组各18只。通过观察血培养菌落生长,采用酶联免疫吸附法（ELISA）对血清肌钙蛋白I（cTNI）浓度、心肌组织肿瘤坏死因子α（TNF α）和白细胞介素1β（IL 1β）含量进行检测,光镜下观察HE染色后心肌组织的病理变化。结果 正常对照组和Sham组新生大鼠的血培养结果均为阴性,CLP组新生大鼠的血培养中检出以大肠杆菌为主的菌落。正常对照组新生大鼠的血清cTNI浓度、心肌组织TNF α和IL 1β含量和Sham组比较差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）;CLP组新生大鼠的血清cTNI浓度、心肌组织TNF α和IL 1β含量较Sham组明显增加（P＜0.05）。正常对照组和Sham组的心肌组织HE染色示心肌细胞均未出现炎性改变,但CLP组心肌细胞周围出现了炎性细胞浸润等病理改变。结论 通过盲肠结扎穿孔可建立较为理想的脓毒症心肌损害新生大鼠模型。     

5-aza-2’-deoxycytidine in the regulation of antioxidant enzymes in retinal endothelial cells and rat diabetic retina

AIM: To investigate the roles of a DNA methyltransferase (DNMT) inhibitor 5-aza-2’-deoxycytidine (5-aza-dC) in the regulation of antioxidant enzymes in diabetic retinopathy (DR) models. METHODS: DNMTs expressions and activity, and changes of two key antioxidant enzymes in DR, MnSOD (encoded by SOD2 gene) and glutathione S-transferase theta 1 (GSTT1), were quantified in the isolated human retinal endothelial cells (HRECs) exposed to high glucose (HG) with or without 5-aza-dC treatment. The downstream exacerbating factors including vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1) and matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP2), which are implicated in the pathogenesis of DR and closely related to oxidative stress were also analyzed. The key parameters were confirmed in the retina from streptozotocin (STZ) diabetic rats. RESULTS: DNMTs expression and DNMT activity was induced in HRECs exposed to HG. Hyperglycemia decreased MnSOD and GSTT1 expression. 5-aza-dC administration effectively suppressed DNMTs expression and activity and reversed the MnSOD and GSTT1 expression under HG condition. VEGF, ICAM-1 and MMP2 induced by HG were also suppressed by 5-aza-dC treatment. Similar results were observed in the retina from STZ diabetic rats. CONCLUSION: Our findings suggest that DNA methylation may serves as one of the mechanisms of antioxidant defense system disruption in DR progression. Modulation of DNA methylation using pharmaceutic means such as DNMT inhibitors could help maintain redox homeostasis and prevent further progression of DR.     

What it Means to Bleed: An Exploration of Young Women's Experiences of Menarche and Menstruation

As a topic of psychoanalytic inquiry, menstruation is surprisingly absent from psychoanalytic literature: menstruation as a part of female psychosexual development is in need of further empirical exploration. The research uses semi‐structured interviews with six young women to explore individual experiences of the menarche and menstruation. The data is analysed using narrative and thematic analysis and interpretations, made within a (broadly classical) psychoanalytic frame, drive the results. In this condensed version of the research, three central findings will be discussed: (1) the role of mother in negotiating the menarche; (2) the difficulty of irregular periods and the fear that something internal has ‘gone wrong’; (3) the link to ideas of mess, dirt and shame, potentially reflective of feelings about sexuality. The research concludes that menstruation is an area worthy of careful psychoanalytic consideration in theory and in clinical practice.