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41.
目的:探讨重症急性呼吸综合征(SARS)与细菌性典型肺炎胸部CT特征的异同.方法:回顾性分析28例SARS胸部CT表现与细菌性典型肺炎做对比结果:本组28例患者肺部病变初期多为单发病灶,在右侧外带胸膜下常见。片状磨玻璃样密度病变影存在于各期,而细菌性典型肺炎未见、发病初期和进展期肺容积变小?而细菌性典型肺炎多无此特点。进展期大多数发展为双肺由下至上痛变、恢复期病变由最晚受侵部位消退,遗留纤维化多为最早发生病变部位?而典型肺炎多从近肺门侧开始吸收,进展期局限的肺段、肺叶发展至多个肺叶、肺段,进展较迅速。而细菌性典型肺炎多为单独的肺叶、肺段.恢复期由弥漫性多发病变转变为局限病变,部分病人有肺部纤维化发生,而细菌性典型肺炎大多数吸收较完全,不遗留肺纤维化。结论:SARS所存在的急性间质性肺炎和急性肺炎可利用CT动态检查较准确地与细菌性典型肺炙加以区别。 相似文献
42.
哌拉西林/他唑巴坦治疗呼吸机相关性肺炎的临床疗效观察 总被引:11,自引:4,他引:7
目的 评价哌拉西林/他唑巴坦治疗呼吸机相关性肺炎的安全性和有效性。方法 对33例呼吸机相关性肺炎患者采用哌拉西林/他唑巴坦治疗,每次4.5g,q8h~q12h静脉滴注,疗程7~14d。结果 治疗总有效率84.85%,细菌清除率88.23%,不良反应率3.03%。结论 哌拉西林/他唑巴坦具有安全、低毒、抗菌谱广的特点,是治疗呼吸机相关性肺炎的良效药物。 相似文献
43.
Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP) is the most common opportunistic human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-related infection, occurring in 85 % of HIV infected patients without prophylaxis. Preventive treatment is required when CD4 cell count falls below 200 cells per cubic millimeter. Cotrimoxazole has been shown to be highly effective but alternative drug regimens are often necessary because of the frequent drug hypersensitivity exhibited by HIV infected patients. The aim of this prospective, open, randomized, one-site study, involving HIV-infected patients with a CD4 cell count below 200/mm3, or a percentage under 20%, randomly assigned to receive either dapsone 50 mg daily or Fansidar® one tablet weekly, was to compare the efficacy and safety of these drugs in the primary prophylaxis of PCP. Both dapsone and Fansidar® appear to be safe and effective alternative agents for the prevention of PCP. Their role in Toxoplasma gondii prophylaxis requires further evaluation. 相似文献
44.
45.
合肥市部分人群SARS认知及行为态度 总被引:4,自引:1,他引:3
目的 了解合肥市部分人群对 SARS的认知情况及行为态度。方法 对合肥市两个社区及一所大学的部分人群共 1332人进行现况调查 ,比较不同性别、职业、文化程度对 SARS的总体认知水平。结果 合肥市人群对 SARS的认知情况尚好 ,总体平均得分 ( 15 .0 2± 1.98)分 (总分 18分 )。结论 合肥市居民对 SARS的认知水平总体较高 ,但存在群体差异 ,卫生行政部门应加强对公众的宣传教育 ,以提高全体居民的健康意识 ,进而预防 SARS的发生 相似文献
46.
用单侧输尿管梗阻的方法诱导小鼠肾间质纤维化,并从中成功地培养出了成纤维细胞。对成纤维细胞血管紧张素Ⅱ1A(AT1A)受体的表达与细胞增殖和分泌细胞外基质的关系进行了研究。结果发现,从肾间质纤维化组织中培养出的成纤维细胞,细胞增殖和产生纤维连接蛋白及层粘连蛋白的能力明显高于从正常肾间质中培养的成纤维细胞。在单侧输尿管梗阻小鼠的血浆和肾组织中血管紧张素Ⅱ的活性显著升高。从肾间质纤维化组织中培养出的成纤维细胞,AT1A受体的表达在蛋白质和分子水平上均有明显增高。表明,在肾间质纤维化过程中肾素-血管紧张素系统被激活,对刺激成纤维细胞增殖和产生细胞外基质起着重要作用。 相似文献
47.
Y. F. CHEUNG C. F. CHAN C. W. LEE Y. L. LAU 《Journal of paediatrics and child health》1994,30(2):173-175
An outbreak of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP) in three patients within a 6 week period was reported. Two patients had acute lymphoblastic leukaemia and one had brain-stem glioma. They shared common features of immuno-suppression and absence of cotrimoxazole prophylaxis and had been nursed in the same room. The severity of PCP and its response to treatment may be related to the degree of immunosuppression. Because of the morbidity and mortality of PCP, chemoprophylaxis should be given to all at-risk cases. Furthermore, isolation of patients with PCP should be considered in view of increasing evidence of nosocomial transmission. 相似文献
48.
Short-term niflumic-acid-induced acute renal failure in children 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Lantz B.; Cochat P.; Bouchet J. L.; Fischbach M. 《Nephrology, dialysis, transplantation》1994,9(9):1234-1239
Several reports emphasize the adverse effects of non-steroidalanti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) on renal function. We haveobserved over the last 10 years seven cases of acute renal failure(ARF) due to immune interstitial nephritis in children. A recommendedoral or rectal dose of niflumic acid was prescribed for ear-nose-throatdisorders, Length of exposure was 15 days. Clinical symptoms (oedema, oliguria or anuria) appeared between3 and 6 days. Three patients had previously received the drug.Hypersensitivity signs (fever, skin rash, eosinophilia, and/orincreased IgE) were present in all cases, leukocyturia in fivecases, and haematuria in six cases. Renal biopsy showed interstitiallesions with lymphocyte, eosinophil, and plasma cell infiltrateswithout tubular cell necrosis. Glomeruli were normal on light-microscopy,except in one patient. Electron-microscopy showed extensivepodocyte fusion in two patients, who had clinical and laboratoryevidence of nephrotic syndrome (NS). ARF rapidly disappeared after NSAID withdrawal, except in twopatients whose renal failure was irreversible despite methylprednisolonebolus. ARF is very rare in children treated with niflumic acid.When ARF occurs, different pathophysiological mechanisms areinvolved but the most common is immunological. 相似文献
49.
50.
D. E. Aguilar León V. Novelo Retana† E. Martínez-Cordero‡ 《Clinical and experimental allergy》2003,33(2):226-232
BACKGROUND: Although several immunological abnormalities may be present in pigeon hypersensitivity pneumonitis (HP), few specific hallmarks have been described. OBJECTIVE: To determine whether the presence of rheumatoid factor (RF) could be useful to discriminate pigeon HP from asymptomatic breeders (AB) and other interstitial lung diseases. METHODS: Fifty-three patients with pigeon HP, 47 AB, 31 idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) patients and a rheumatoid arthritis (RA) group were studied. IgM RF was determined through enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and western blot using human IgG and IgG Fc fragment as antigens. IgG and IgA anti-avian antibodies (AA) against pigeon serum antigen were also measured. The use of F(ab')2 fraction of peroxidase-labelled anti-human immunoglobulins prevented endogenous interferences. Possible cross-binding of RF with avian antigens and the reactivity against human IgG by AA were studied. RESULTS: RF tests were frequently positive in HP (52.8%) in comparison to AB (4.2%) and IPF (12.9%; P = 2.6 x 10-10 and 4.1 x 10-5). Therefore, the presence of RF in pigeon HP showed a sensitivity of 52% and was highly specific considering the results of AB and IPF (95 and 87%, respectively). The RA group revealed positive RF but negative AA tests. RF activity was confirmed through western blot using purified IgG Fc fragment. Overlapping levels of IgG and IgA AA were found in HP and AB. The frequency of AA was low in IPF. The cross-reaction of RF with avian antigens was excluded, and no reactivity against human IgG by AA was detected. Other endogenous interferences were ruled out. CONCLUSION: No single immunological test may definitively distinguish pigeon HP from AB and other interstitial lung disorders; however, positive RF, together with high AA levels, seems to be useful in differentiating the diagnosis. 相似文献