人工智能在军事医学中的应用现状及展望

介绍了人工智能(artificial intelligence,AI)在伤员搜救和管理、伤员救治、军事医学培训、医疗数据管理等军事医学领域中的应用现状,分析了AI在军事医学应用中存在的问题,指出了向强AI系统迈进、突出环境自适应性,紧跟AI技术发展、系统高度综合集成,大力发展数据库技术、确保产品应用价值是未来AI在军事医学中的发展方向。     

Copper-inhibition of the growth of oral streptococci and actinomyces

Copper ions were found to inhibit the rate of growth in broth culture of Streptococcus mitis, Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus salivarious, Streptococcus sanguis, Actinomyces viscosus and Actinomyces naeslundii. In all cases, 10^?3 M copper inhibited the rate of growth, whereas 10^?4 M and lower concentrations had little or no effect. At the concentrations used in mouthwashes one mode of action of copper ions is to reduce the rate of growth of oral bacteria in vitro.     

某部队急性病毒性肝炎的血清流行病学调查分析

作者于1987年12月至1988年3月对某部队急性病毒性肝炎进行了血清流行病学调查。发现该部队共发病10例,其中甲肝9例,乙肝1例;9例甲肝中,5例散在发生于5个连队,其余4例为1个连队暴发所致。结果表明:该部队急性病毒性肝炎的发生以甲肝为主,多以散发形式出现,在一定条件下也可造成部队内小暴发,而无续发病例。这些特征与该人群抗-HAV流行率达80％以上,已具有免疫屏障作用有关。当前,部队对甲肝的防治不容忽视。     

新兵接种甲肝和乙肝疫苗3年效果

目的：观察新兵接种甲肝疫苗与乙肝疫苗3a效果。方法：随机对照试验。观察3a接种甲肝、乙肝疫苗保护效果。结果：接种甲肝疫苗组2201人,无1人发生甲型肝炎;对照组2611人,发病4人;甲肝疫苗接种3a的保护率为100％。接种乙肝疫苗组2611人,发生乙型肝炎1人;对照组2628人,发生乙型肝炎5人;乙肝疫苗接种3a的保护率为80％。结论：部队新兵接种甲型与乙型肝炎疫苗,可使部队战士甲、乙型肝炎发病率减少80％。     

部队甲型病毒性肝炎疫苗的接种策略

目的 探讨部队甲肝疫苗接种的最佳策略。方法 应用决策树模型和成本效用分析方法。结果 部队官兵接种甲肝疫苗,先筛选后接种方案优于直接接种方案;采用先筛选后接种方案接种干部每增加一个DALY将产生168.23元的正效益,而新兵则需2792.30元的净投入。经灵敏度分析,该决策结果稳定,不随引入决策模型的各参数的变化而变化。结论 在当前条件下,部队接种甲肝疫苗宜首选先筛选后接种方案,优先接种干部人群。     

海上训练与跳伞训练军训伤的流行病学调查

目的　研究空军的跳伞训练和海军的海上训练期间军训伤的流行病学特征 ,制定初步的预防措施 .方法　采用就诊登记和回顾性调查的方法调查了军训伤的发生情况 .结果　空军某部新兵军训伤的发生率为 16 .3% ,海军某部新兵为18.7% ,海军老兵为 5 .5 % .空军新兵和海军新兵的发生率无显著性差异 ,海军新兵和老兵之间的发生率有显著性差异 (P<0 .0 1) .海军新兵的发生高峰为开训后第 2个月 ,海军老兵的发生高峰为开训后第 1个月 ,空军新兵开训后第 2个月发生率较低 ,其余月份均维持较高水平 .海军的受伤部位以小腿和踝关节为主 ,分别占 42 .9%和 17.9% ;空军的受伤部位以踝关节和腰部为主 ,分别占 2 6 .9%和 2 3.9% .海军和空军均以急性创伤性损伤为主要类型 ,且均以关节扭伤为主要伤型 .结论　不同于基础训练的训练内容 ,军训伤的发生情况亦不同 .根据特殊训练的特殊性 ,要制定不同的预防措施     

永州市7167名小学生口腔卫生与龋病调查

目的摸清永州市小学生口腔卫生龋齿状况。方法采用整群抽样方法调查了永州市城区８所小学７１６７名学生。结果学生的口腔卫生较差与极差占９０．３１％,乳牙和恒牙龋患率分别为６９．３３％和４８．６８％,与１９８９年比分别上升４２．２６％、１９．１９％和５０６．２３％;乳牙龋齿好发牙为第Ⅴ、Ⅳ、恒牙龋齿好发牙为第６、７;下颌牙龋齿患病占７２．４％,上颌牙龋齿占２７．６％。结论该市口腔卫生差,龋患率呈上升趋势,提示今后应加强防治工作     

某部军事训练伤前瞻性流行病学研究

目的：了解军事训练伤的发生规律与特点。方法：采用前瞻性流行病学研究方法,对某部１９９７年３月至２月的军事训练伤进行调查。结果：该部军事训练伤的年度发生率为３０．０４％,上半年训练伤的发生率明显高于下半年,训练伤的发生率随年龄增加而逐渐下降,不同单位训练伤的发生率不同。在训练伤病例中以关节扭伤所占比例最大（３３．２１％）,受伤部位以肘,腿,踝和腕部为主,受伤课目以战术训练和５公里越野跑等所占比例高（     

Pseudohomosexual psychosis in basic military training

The emergence of homosexual anxieties in heterosexual males following a severe blow to masculine self-esteem has been termed pseudohomosexual by Ovesey and has been shown to reflect sexual dependency and power conflicts. This article extends the concept, described largely in neurotic patients, to psychotic reactions occurring in basic trainees following failure to adapt to military life. The military setting is viewed as a culturally specific stress for emergence of pseudohomosexual anxieties in predisposed individuals. Case studies illustrate the power and dependency conflicts, sexual symbolization, projective defenses, and restitutional violence which characterize these patients. The pseudohomosexual psychosis defends the patient against perceiving his inability to effect separation from mother, bear the object loss, and attain cultural manhood.The views presented represent those of the author and are not to be interpreted as representing the Department of Defense or the U.S. Air Force.     

Immune deviation and the hygiene hypothesis: A review of the epidemiological evidence

The epidemiological evidence for the proposal that early life immune deviation is the principal mechanism by which microbial agents prevent the development of atopy has been reviewed. Seven criteria are proposed which should ideally be fulfilled. The majority of studies only fulfill two or three criteria. For mycobacteria, measles and respiratory viruses there are studies that demonstrate a significant increase in atopy or allergic disease. Parasite infections, which provide a strong TH2 stimulus, are associated with reduced rather than enhanced allergen sensitization. The available epidemiological evidence does not provide support for a mechanism of early life immune deviation. The principal environmental influences on atopic disease are likely to occur throughout life and involve interactions between microbes and other non-infective and lifestyle factors.