In vitro antiproliferative effect of a water-soluble Laminaria japonica polysaccharide on human melanoma cell line A375

A water-soluble polysaccharide WPS-2-1, purified from Laminaria japonica, has been found to have antitumor activity. In this study, WPS-2-1 exhibited high anti-proliferative activity on A375 cells in a dosedependent manner. Further investigation indicated that WPS-2-1 induced A375 cells apoptosis. Moreover, WPS-2-1-induced apoptosis was associated with the alteration in expressions of Bcl-2 family proteins. Mitochonadrial apoptotic pathway was involved in WPS-2-1-induced apoptosis, which included the loss of mitochondrial membrane and activation of caspase-3/9. The results in this study suggested that WPS-2-1 could effectively inhibit proliferation of A375 cells in vitro and induce apoptosis via mitochondrial apoptotic pathway. It might serve as a potential antitumor agent.     

MicroRNA-424在肿瘤发生中的作用和机制研究进展

MiR-424是miR-16家族成员。近年研究表明miR-424与肿瘤的发生、发展及治疗预后密切相关。本文对miR-424在乳腺癌、宫颈癌、肺癌、肝癌及结直肠癌等多种肿瘤及白血病中的表达变化、作用及机制进行综述。研究发现miR-424的表达受多种因素的影响，miR-424可作为肿瘤诊断、分期、预后的生物标记物，可用于明确肿瘤范围，也可作为肿瘤的治疗靶物。     

Effects of miR-200a and FH535 combined with taxol on proliferation and invasion of gastric cancer

Gastric cancer is one of the most common cancers in the world; taxol displayed modest efficacy as first-line chemotherapy for gastric cancer, conversely, it has limitations used alone. β-catenin is a multifunctional oncogenic protein and the elevation in expression and activity of β-catenin has been implicated in many cancers. Therefore, we assume that the inhibition of β-catenin can enhanced the efficacy of taxol. The purpose of this study was to investigate the inhibitory effect of miR-200a mimics, FH535 combined with taxol on proliferation and invasion of human gastric cancer cell lines SGC-7901 and BGC-823. In the current study, we identified that the combination of FH535 and miR-200a with taxol had potent growth-inhibitory and pro-apoptotic effects. Further, similar results were also observed in vivo, intratumoral injection of FH535, taxol and miR-200a mimics which also delayed tumor growth in nude mice harboring subcutaneous SGC-7901 xenografts. Collectively, miR-200a and FH535 can enhance the inhibitory effect of taxol on cell proliferation and moderate the invasion of human gastric cancer.     

LncRNA Linc00152靶向miR-193a-3p对胃癌细胞增殖、侵袭和迁移的影响

目的 探讨LncRNA Linc00152靶向调控miR-193a-3p对胃癌细胞增殖、侵袭和迁移的影响。方法 采用qRT-PCR法检测正常胃黏膜细胞GES-1及4种胃癌细胞(MGC803、BGC803、SGC7901、AGS)中Linc00152的表达水平。MGC-803细胞分为pcDNA3.1-GFP-Linc00152组、pcDNA3.1-GFP组;AGS细胞分为si-Linc00152组、si-NC组,分别转染相应的Linc00152过表达和抑制载体。qRT-PCR法检测Linc00152、细胞周期素D1(cyclin D1,CCND1)和miR-193a-3p基因的表达水平,CCK-8检测细胞的活性,细胞克隆试验检测细胞的克隆能力,Annexin VFITC/PI染色后采用流式细胞术检测转染细胞凋亡率,Transwell法检测细胞侵袭,荧光素酶报告试验检测Linc00152和miR-193a-3p靶向关系,Western blotting检测Bcl-2、Bax、CCND1、E-钙黏蛋白(E-cadherin)和波形蛋白(Vimentin)的蛋白表达水平。并将si-Linc00152组、si-NC组细胞接种裸鼠,观察裸鼠体质量和一般状态,处死后称重记录肿瘤体积、质量,qRT-PCR法测定肿瘤组织Linc00152、CCND1和miR-193a-3p的表达水平。结果 与GES-1细胞相比,胃癌细胞MGC803、BGC803、SGC7901、AGS中Linc00152的表达升高,其中Linc00152在胃癌MGC803细胞中表达较低,而在胃癌AGS细胞中的表达较高,选用胃癌MGC803、AGS细胞进行后续试验。与pcDNA3.1-GFP组相比,pcDNA3.1-GFP-Linc00152组细胞的活性显著升高,克隆能力增强,细胞凋亡减少,侵袭能力显著上升,CCND1、Bcl-2、波形蛋白的表达显著升高,miR-193a-3p和E-钙黏蛋白的表达显著降低。双荧光素酶报告基因系统检测结果显示,Linc00152可直接调控miR-193a-3p的转录活性,且Linc00152可显著上调MGC-803细胞CCND1蛋白表达。与si-NC组相比,si-Linc00152组的裸鼠体内的异种移植瘤体积和体质量显著下降,CCND1和Linc00152的表达显著下降,miR-193a-3p的表达显著上升。结论 Linc00152可靶向作用于miR-193a-3p促进胃癌细胞增殖、侵袭和迁移,其作用机制与细胞周期、上皮细胞间充质转化以及细胞凋亡有关。     

miR-16在金黄色葡萄球菌脓毒症中的表达及意义探讨

目的探讨miR-16表达水平与金黄色葡萄球菌脓毒症严重程度的关联性,进一步探讨其潜在的临床意义。方法收集金黄色葡萄球菌脓毒症血液标本共计32例,脓毒性休克、严重脓毒症和一般脓毒症各8例,不同年龄段的健康对照24例;另外,收集革兰氏阴性菌脓毒症血液标本8例。用Trizol液裂解全血后提取microRNA,采用荧光定量PCR测定miR-16在不同组的表达水平(2-△△Ct法),用SPSS 13.0软件分析各组之间的统计学差异。采用SPSS 13.0软件将miR-16定量值与相应CRP和PCT值进行相关性分析。结果 miR-16表达水平与金黄色葡萄球菌脓毒症严重程度呈明显的负关联,各实验组与对照组相比均有统计学差异(P0.001),实验组之间也有统计学差异(P0.01)。miR-16表达水平与CRP和PCT值呈负相关性,相关系数分别为-0.561和-0.769。结论 miR-16表达与金黄色葡萄球菌脓毒症有明显的负关联性,提示其可能作为该菌脓毒症严重程度的标记物。     

Phoenixin-14 regulates proliferation and apoptosis of vascular smooth muscle cells by modulation of KCNQ1OT1/miR-183-3p/CTNNB1 axis

Phoenixin-14 has been reported to be implicated in the process of blood glucose metabolism, reproduction, lipid deposition and cardioprotection. However, the role of phoenixin-14 in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) remains unkown. In this study, we focused on the effects of phoenixin-14 on VSMCs under oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) treatment. The experimental results demonstrated that phoenixin-14 inhibited mRNA level and nuclear translocation of β-catenin. Functionally, phoenixin-14 inhibited cell proliferation and facilitated apoptosis of VSMCs under ox-LDL stimulation, and CTNNB1 overexpression reversed these effects. Mechanistically, KCNQ1OT1 interacted with miR-183-3p to upregulate CTNNB1 in VSMCs. Furthermore, CTNNB1 expression was negatively correlated with miR-183-3p but positively associated with KCNQ1OT1. Rescue assays indicated that KCNQ1OT1 overexpression or Lithium chloride (LiCl) treatment reversed the effects of phoenixin-14 on proliferation and apoptosis of ox-LDL-stimulated VSMCs. In summary, phoenixin-14 regulates proliferation and apoptosis of ox-LDL-treated VSMCs by regulating the KCNQ1OT1/miR-183-3p/CTNNB1 axis.     

膀胱癌中miR-9对CBX7表达的调控作用

目的研究mi R-9在膀胱癌中对CBX7基因表达的调控作用及机制。方法应用荧光定量PCR方法检测膀胱癌及癌旁组织中mi R-9及CBX7基因的表达。培养膀胱癌T24细胞,转染mi R-9的前体pre-mi R-9,Western blot检测CBX7蛋白的表达。荧光素酶报告基因表达分析明确mi R-9与CBX7基因3'非翻译区(3'UTR)的结合。结果 mi R-9在膀胱癌组织中的表达较癌旁组织呈现显著的上调,而CBX7的表达则下调明显,二者的表达呈显著负相关。在转染后膀胱癌T24细胞中,pre-mi R-9能够分别下调T24细胞中CBX7蛋白的表达。荧光素酶报告基因表达分析明确mi R-9能够与CBX7基因的3'UTR结合并负性调节其表达。结论 mi R-9与CBX7基因的表达改变与膀胱癌相关,mi R-9能够在膀胱癌细胞中靶向负性调节CBX7基因的表达。     

肿瘤相关巨噬细胞相关性miR-99a对子宫内膜癌细胞生长和侵袭的调控作用

背景与目的：肿瘤相关巨噬细胞（tumor-associated macrophage，TAM）浸润与肿瘤进展密切相关，但作用机制尚不明确，因此，探索miR-99a对单核巨噬细胞极化的影响及其对子宫内膜癌（endometrial cancer，EC）细胞生长、侵袭的影响。方法：检测EC组织中巨噬唾液酸蛋白（macrosialin）CD68表达并分析其与临床病理学特征之间的关系；运用人EC细胞系HEC-1B、RL95-2培养上清液诱导人单核细胞U937向TAM（M2型巨噬细胞）分化；将人工合成的miR-99a模拟物片段转染至诱导后的巨噬细胞，转染后运用实时荧光定量聚合酶链反应（real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction，RTFQ-PCR）及流式细胞术检测巨噬细胞相关因子CD68、CD163以及巨噬细胞甘露糖受体（mcrophage mannose receptor）CD206表达量变化，并运用酶联免疫吸附法（enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay，ELISA）检测巨噬细胞分泌相关细胞因子IL-12、IL-4和IL-10分泌量变化；将转染miR-99a的诱导后巨噬细胞与EC细胞共培养，运用细胞计数试剂盒（cell counting kit-8，CCK-8）和transwell法检测其对EC细胞增殖和侵袭能力的影响，并初步分析其可能的作用机制。结果：EC组织CD68高表达并与肿瘤肌层浸润及血管生成呈正相关；肿瘤细胞培养上清液成功诱导单核细胞向M2型TAM极化。转染miR-99a后单核细胞组CD68及CD163表达较对照组下降（P＜0.01），而CD206表达差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05），流式细胞术进一步证实上述表达变化；ELISA结果发现，转染miR-99a诱导后巨噬细胞中IL-12分泌增多（P＜0.01），而IL-4、IL-10分泌减少（P＜0.01），提示巨噬细胞向M2型极化受抑制。将诱导后巨噬细胞与EC细胞共培养，共培养后EC细胞增殖侵袭能力较对照组增加，而转染miR-99a模拟片段至诱导后巨噬细胞能够抑制其对增殖（P＜0.01）及侵袭能力的促进作用（P＜0.05）。诱导后巨噬细胞中过表达miR-99a后细胞中mTOR及其通路受到抑制。结论：EC间质巨噬细胞浸润与肿瘤肌层浸润及血管新生相关，miR-99a能够逆转单核细胞向M2表型极化，并抑制EC细胞介导TAM的促EC细胞生长和侵袭作用，其作用可能通过调控mTOR通路产生。     

载芬维A铵脂质体抑制A375黑素瘤细胞裸鼠皮下移植瘤的初步研究

目的 探讨载芬维A铵脂质体（4-HPR-L）对裸鼠皮下人恶性黑素瘤的抑制作用。方法 采用薄膜-超声分散法制备4-HPR-L。通过皮下接种黑素瘤A375细胞至BALB/c裸鼠右侧腋窝建立黑素瘤荷瘤裸鼠模型。取10只荷瘤裸鼠模型，随机等分为两组，分别给予尾静脉注射同浓度细胞膜近红外荧光探针（DiR）溶液和DiR脂质体（DiR-L），应用小动物活体成像仪观察给药后6、12、24 h药物在体内分布情况。取30只荷瘤裸鼠，随机等分为3组，即对照组、4-HPR组和4-HPR-L组，分别经尾静脉每次注射5%（质量分数）葡萄糖溶液0.2 ml、25 mg/kg 4-HPR和4-HPR-L溶液，于接种A375细胞后第8、10、12、14、16、18、20、22天给药，动态监测给药后各组裸鼠的体重和肿瘤体积，观察生存情况。于末次给药后第2天处死裸鼠，取心、肝、脾、肺、肾及肿瘤组织，HE染色和免疫组化染色观察黑素瘤体内转移情况，并用脱氧核糖核苷酸末端转移酶介导的缺口末端标记法检测肿瘤细胞凋亡情况。计量资料采用单因素方差分析和独立样本t检验进行分析。结果 小动物活体成像仪显示，DiR-L能较长时间滞留于肿瘤组织，给药24 h后在肿瘤部位仍可观察到较强荧光；定量分析显示，肿瘤组织中DiR-L荧光强度（22.85 ± 1.66）显著高于DiR（8.45 ± 0.97，t = 12.957，P < 0.01）。与对照组和4-HPR组相比，4-HPR-L组末次给药后第2天离体瘤重明显降低（F = 27.055，t值分别为4.768、6.640，均P < 0.05）。HE染色显示，4-HPR-L组2只裸鼠发生肝脏转移，而对照组、4-HPR组全部裸鼠发生肝脏转移。荷瘤鼠的生存期观察显示，4-HPR-L组裸鼠于接种后76 d内全部死亡，对照组和4-HPR组分别于接种后56 d和59 d内全部死亡。对照组凋亡指数为（12.14 ± 1.33）‰，4-HPR组为（67.17 ± 15.18）‰，4-HPR-L组为（152.73 ± 11.27）‰，3组间差异有统计学意义（F = 167.588，P < 0.05），4-HPR-L组与对照组和4-HPR组相比，t值分别为18.162、11.075，均P < 0.05。结论 4-HPR-L能够有效抑制裸鼠皮下黑素瘤体积增长和黑素瘤细胞转移，并延长裸鼠生存期。     

miR-155 increases stemness and decitabine resistance in triple-negative breast cancer cells by inhibiting TSPAN5

Effective therapeutic targets for triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), a special type of breast cancer (BC) with rapid metastasis and poor prognosis, are lacking, especially for patients with chemotherapy resistance. Decitabine (DCA) is a Food and Drug Administration-approved DNA methyltransferase inhibitor that has been proven effective for the treatment of tumors. However, its antitumor effect in cancer cells is limited by multidrug resistance. Cancer stem cells (CSCs), which are thought to act as seeds during tumor formation, regulate tumorigenesis, metastasis, and drug resistance through complex signaling. Our previous study found that miR-155 is upregulated in BC, but whether and how miR-155 regulates DCA resistance is unclear. In this study, we demonstrated that miR-155 was upregulated in CD24⁻CD44⁺ BC stem cells (BCSCs). In addition, the overexpression of miR-155 increased the number of CD24⁻CD44⁺ CSCs, DCA resistance and tumor clone formation in MDA-231 and BT-549 BC cells, and knockdown of miR-155 inhibited DCA resistance and stemness in BCSCs in vitro. Moreover, miR-155 induced stemness and DCA resistance by inhibiting the direct target gene tetraspanin-5 (TSPAN5). We further confirmed that overexpression of TSPAN5 abrogated the effect of miR-155 in promoting stemness and DCA resistance in BC cells. Our data show that miR-155 increases stemness and DCA resistance in BC cells by targeting TSPAN5. These data provide a therapeutic strategy and mechanistic basis for future possible clinical applications targeting the miR-155/TSPAN5 signaling axis in the treatment of TNBC.